Takashi Kageyama, Toshihiko Suenaga Department of Neurology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Nara, Japan Correspondence to Dr Kazuto Tsukita, kazusan{at}kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp Statistics from Altmetric.com Description An 85-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented [casereports.bmj.com]

Design/Methods: Review of clinical presentations and brain MRIs. [neurology.org]

One month later she presented with mild dysarthria and mild left hemiparesis. Brain MRI disclosed an extensive pyramidal tract lesion from the right corona radiata to the pedunculus cerebri. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

Physiologically, it is normally present in infants from birth to 12 months. The presence of the Babinski sign after 12 months is the sign of a non-specific upper motor neuron lesion. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Rigor

  Nevertheless, our aim is to faithfully present in scope and rigor a medical school caliber course experience. [coursera.org]

  Because of the loss of muscle bulk through atrophy, rigor mortis is usually absent in advanced stages of ALS disease. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Fatigue

  Postpolio syndrome Most patients with postpolio syndrome (PPS) present with new, slowly progressive muscle weakness, frequently accompanied by muscle pain (myalgias) and fatigue, which can occur in both previously affected and unaffected muscles. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Hearing Impairment

  No hearing impairment is seen. Spinal muscular atrophy The clinical picture of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is highly variable and represents a continuum. The age of onset ranges from before birth to adulthood. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Babinski Sign

  Babinski sign in absence of Pyramidal Tract Lesion can occur in physiological and pathological conditions Physiological causes of Babinski sign in absence of Pyramidal Tract Lesion Infancy (up to 1 year of age) Deep sleep Deep anaesthesia Pathological [notes.medicosnotes.com]

  The presence of the Babinski sign after 12 months is the sign of a non-specific upper motor neuron lesion. [en.wikipedia.org]

  All are features of pyramidal tract lesion, except - 1) Involuntary movement 2) Positive Babinski's sign 3) Spasticity 4) Increased deep tendon reflexes 5) NULL [upscgk.com]

• Hyperreflexia

  Symptoms include an increase in the muscle tone in the lower extremities, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski and a decrease in fine motor coordination. [sideeffects.embl.de]

  Interruption of corticospinal fibers rostral to the motor (pyramidal) decussation causes impairment of movement in the opposite body-half, which is especially severe in the arm and leg and is characterized by muscular weakness, spasticity and hyperreflexia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  On exam there is a combined deficit of vibration and proprioception with pyramidal signs (plantar extension and hyperreflexia). [forums.studentdoctor.net]

  (Ottawa) Hyperreflexia from Dr. [library.med.utah.edu]

  There is hypertonia (increased muscle tone, stiffness), hyperreflexia (exaggerated reflexes), and an oscillatory movement known as clonus. [courses.washington.edu]

• Tremor

  Damage to this tract can lead to a number of problems, including paralysis, muscle weakness, loss of muscle control, and tremors. [wisegeek.org]

  As noted above, lesions may be placed in ventrolateral intentionally to treat tremor. This was a much more common procedure before the advent of L-dopa in treatment of parkinsonism. VII. [casemed.case.edu]

  Its symptoms include: Tremor Festinating movements, especially a festinating gait. (Festinating movements are movements which become increasingly rapid and uncontrolled). [csuchico.edu]

  […] the pyramidal "motherboard" and you cant move (weakness) but knock out the EPS "adjusters" and you can still move, but you'll move funny (ataxia) or get stuck (rigidity, bradykinesia, torticollis) or randomly flail (hemiballism) or have an overshoot tremor [forums.studentdoctor.net]

  Another converging line of evidence concerns the opposite situation, namely, the conversion of a previous AIMP, such as parkinsonian tremor, into the stereotyped Wernicke-Mann attitude by pyramidal tract damage, again indicating that the abnormal movement [jneurology.com]

• Excitement

  Ib afferent fibers causes excitation of antagonist muscles. E. Ia afferent fibers causes excitation of muscles on the contralateral side. In reciprocal excitation of the Golgi tendon reflex, stimulation of... A. [nba.uth.tmc.edu]

  These interneurons are responsible for reflexes and, therefore, most motor activity actually occurs by the regulation of reflex excitability in the spinal cord. [dartmouth.edu]

  Lesions above the pontine reticular formation but below the midbrain cause decerebrate rigidity because of the removal of central inhibition from the pontine reticular formation, resulting in excitation of α- and γ-motoneurons and rigid posture. [forums.studentdoctor.net]

  The PPRF, in turn, connects with the abducens nucleus of the same side, thus exciting the motor neurons of cranial nerve VI (#6174). [library.med.utah.edu]

  This unit addresses the fundamental mechanisms of neuronal excitability, signal generation and propagation, synaptic transmission, post synaptic mechanisms of signal integration, and neural plasticity. - Unit 3 Sensory systems (weeks 5-7). [coursera.org]

• Clonus

  In a patient with clonus, a muscle stretch elicits alternating contractions of agonist and antagonist muscle groups. [courses.washington.edu]

  In a few days to a few weeks, flaccidity gradually gives way to spasticity at the same time that the tendon reflexes reappear and eventually become hyperactive, as indicated by foot clonus and Hoffmann’s sign 17. [jneurology.com]

  Primary lateral sclerosis The age of onset for primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is usually between 40 and 60 years, with spasticity in the legs accompanied by hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, clonus, and Babinski sign. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] clinical assessments and outcome measurements fail to accurately predict treatment response ( 5 ). [frontiersin.org]

It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. [sideeffects.embl.de]

Conclusions: Corticospinal tract lesions have a heterogenous etiology, with widely different treatments and prognoses. An understanding of these potential etiologies will assist neurologists confronted with this imaging finding. [neurology.org]

Página 470 - Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. ‎ [books.google.es]

[…] doctor will look for signs of a nervous system problem by checking your: Balance and coordination Movement Hearing, speech, and vision Memory and concentration Tests for diagnosis [ edit ] Nerve conduction study Spinal tap or lumbar puncture Nerve biopsy Treatment [en.wikipedia.org]

Patients who have sustained damage to their corticospinal tract have a prognosis that varies, depending on the nature of the damage. Some patients may be able to regain motor control over the course of the healing process. [wisegeek.org]

This review was limited to the topics described above because other topics relevant to brain rehabilitation, such as recovery mechanisms or prognosis prediction using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been [medicaljournals.se]

This distinction is important for genetic counseling of family members and for the patient’s prognosis, in that HSP generally carries a more favorable prognosis. [2] Other components of the differential diagnosis of HSP are similar to those of PLS. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Conclusions: Corticospinal tract lesions have a heterogenous etiology, with widely different treatments and prognoses. An understanding of these potential etiologies will assist neurologists confronted with this imaging finding. [neurology.org]

Primary lateral sclerosis The etiology of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is unknown, but it may be similar to that proposed for ALS. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiologic data suggest that smoking may be an established risk factor for sporadic ALS. [8] The peak age of onset is between 55 and 75 years. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Cerebral Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways. London: MacKeith Press (2000). 251 p. Google Scholar 2. Himmelmann K, Hagberg G, Uvebrant P. The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. X. [frontiersin.org]

The views herein discussed reconcile several apparent incongruences concerning the pathophysiology of the human pyramidal syndrome. [jneurology.com]

There are three pathophysiological aspects. [em-consulte.com]

Cortical excitability and neurology: insights into the pathophysiology. Funct Neurol (2012) 27 (3):131–45. PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar 55. Gilbert DL, Garvey MA, Bansal AS, Lipps T, Zhang J, Wassermann EM. [frontiersin.org]

Collaborative Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials of Antiplatelet Therapy for Prevention of Death, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in High Risk Patients. ‎ [books.google.es]

[…] hypoglycaemic hemiplegia lesions might be present along the pyramidal tract, since the more compact neuronal tissue might be more vulnerable to hypoglycaemia. 3 The coronal section in this case shows that the lesion is actually along the pyramidal tract and, to prevent [casereports.bmj.com]

Because the interneuron is inhibitory, it prevents the opposing alpha motor neuron from firing, thereby reducing the contraction of the opposing muscle. [nba.uth.tmc.edu]

Termination of the trajectory occurs when d N falls below a threshold value which is set so as to prevent the trajectory entering the grey matter. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Author:Uchida, M; Kaneko, M; Kawa, S Evaluation of the spread of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 among Japanese university students Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine,:in press 2014 Author:Uchida, M; Kaneko, M; Tsukahara, T; Washizuka, S; Kawa [soar-rd.shinshu-u.ac.jp]