One month after the resolution of the depressive episode, he once again presented with a hypomanic episode. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the present study it was at least as effective as, and better tolerated than QC. [doi.org]

• Inflammation

  Chronic inflammation was significantly correlated with the tumors; there was no evidence of treatment-related tumors in animals without chronic inflammation or other reproductive system toxicity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Severity COMMON side effects Diarrhea Dizzy Feel Like Throwing Up Head Pain Loss Of Appetite Skin Discoloration Stomach Cramps Throwing Up INFREQUENT side effects Abnormal Peeling Of Skin Altered Mental Status Easily Angered Or Annoyed Hallucination Inflammation [webmd.com]

  Over the next 6-12 weeks, the inflammation from the Quinacrine causes plugs of scar tissue to form at the first part of the fallopian tubes. These plugs close the tubes and block the egg’s path to the uterus. [familyplanningflorida.com]

  Beyond DNA binding - a review of the potential mechanisms mediating quinacrine's therapeutic activities in parasitic infections, inflammation, and cancers R. Ehsanian, C. Van Waes, S. M. Feller, Cell Commun. Signal. 2011, 9, 13. Page Top [tcichemicals.com]

  Uses Initially used to treat and prevent malaria, these medications are now used to control inflammation in rheumatologic diseases, especially lupus. Antimalarials control both skin and systemic inflammation in lupus. [rheumaderm-society.org]

• Anemia

  This study extends our previous observation that severe aplastic anemia acquired after exposure to drugs or toxins can be cured by marrow transplantation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Additionally, the drugs can cause anemia (low red blood cell counts) in some individuals. A blood test screening may be recommended by your doctor. [rheumaderm-society.org]

  The usual dose is 100mg/day, and adverse effects include yellow discoloration of mucocutaneous zones,3 lichenoid eruption, aplastic anemia, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, psychosis, convulsions and worsening of psoriasis. [actasdermo.org]

  Other rare but serious side effects of the compound are different forms of dermatitis and aplastic anemia. These side effects develop gradually, and are reversible if quinacrine is discontinued. [nature.com]

• Fatigue

  Quinacrine may be preferred in patients at ocular risk or those with profound fatigue as it is a central nervous system stimulant [1]. It is also useful in those who are unable to tolerate chloroquine derivatives. [dermnetnz.org]

  Quinacrine is not effective in those with Central Nervous System (CNS) lupus, but has been known to reduce the headache and fatigue that are common to systemic lupus (Wallace 1989). [healthcentral.com]

  Specifically, anti-malarial medications have shown to improve muscle and joint pain, skin rashes, pericarditis (inflammation of the lining of the heart), pleuritis (inflammation of the lining of the lung), and other lupus symptoms such as fatigue and [hopkinslupus.org]

  Maximise photoprotection while maintaining normal vitamin D blood levels CLE lesions can be aggravated by the sun, and patients with CLE can also experience systemic symptoms such as fatigue and arthralgias from extended sun exposure.10 Photosensitivity [lupus.bmj.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  Surgical procedures were recorded for 15% of the cohort; hysterectomy was the most frequent procedure (10%), followed by salpingectomy (2%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The method, while faster and easier than surgical procedures, killed too many patients. 1 Then, as now, the desire was to find a quick, cheap and widely available means of eliminating female fertility. [pop.org]

• Cough

  Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur: Less common Black, tarry stools; blood in urine or stools; cough or hoarseness accompanied by a fever or chills; pinpoint red spots on skin; skin rash, redness, itching or [drugs.com]

• Nausea

  Depression and severe headache with nausea, which were globally recorded in two cases, led to drug withdrawal. One additional case of hepatitis was recorded in a patient with preexisting Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Nausea, vomiting, headache and yellow discoloration were reported statistically significant by the QC group ( P < 0.05). [doi.org]

  […] trouble swallowing Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome): decreased hearing or ringing in the ears diarrhea dizziness headache loss of appetite nausea [fairview.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  Adverse events (AE) were: yellow vaginal discharge, headache, mild abdominal pain, vaginal pruritus, nausea and transient decrease in endometrial thickness. One patient had allergic reaction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  MBZ group QC group n = 61 n = 61 Cure rate 48 (78.7%) 51 (83.6%) Any adverse event 14 (22.9%) 36 (59%) Abdominal pain 11 (18 %) 10 (16.3%) Vomiting 3 (4.9%) 14 (22.9%) Nausea 3 (4.9%) 14 (22.9%) Headache 1 (1.6%) 11 (18%) Yellowish coloration of the skin [doi.org]

  It was difficult to be sure, in all cases,that the headache and abdominal pains were due toatebrin, but there was reasonable certainty that thesevere epigastric symptoms were caused by the drug.In seven cases a yellow discoloration of the skin,whites [docslide.com.br]

  No anesthesia is used, and the procedure is painful; some women faint. For many, short-term side effects include abnormal menstrual bleeding, backaches, fever, lower abdominal pain and headaches. [panindigan.tripod.com]

• Diarrhea

  Do not treat diarrhea with over the counter products. Contact your doctor if you have diarrhea that lasts more than 2 days or if it is severe and watery. This medicine can make you more sensitive to the sun. Keep out of the sun. [fairview.org]

  Drugs & Medications Quinacrine (Bulk) Powder Quinacrine (Bulk) Powder Side Effects by Likelihood and Severity COMMON side effects Diarrhea Dizzy Feel Like Throwing Up Head Pain Loss Of Appetite Skin Discoloration Stomach Cramps Throwing Up INFREQUENT [webmd.com]

  More Common Abdominal or stomach cramps; diarrhea; dizziness; fever; headache; loss of appetite; nausea or vomiting Quinacrine is a dye-like medicine and commonly causes yellow discoloration of the skin and urine, and darkening of the fingernails and [drugs.com]

  The most common side effects are nausea and diarrhea. These side effects often improve with time or by taking the medication with food. [rheumaderm-society.org]

• Abdominal Cramps

  Adverse effects related to quinacrine sterilization were abdominal cramping, vulvar itching, nausea, and vaginal bleeding. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Common minor adverse effects such as transient headache, gastrointestinal symptoms (eg, nausea, abdominal cramping, and diarrhoea), and dizziness, improve with time or a reduction in the dose [1,3]. [dermnetnz.org]

• Jaundice

  This can be confused with jaundice which results from poor liver function. The yellow discoloration caused by quinacrine is harmless and will go away relatively quickly by decreasing the dose or stopping the drug altogether. [rheumaderm-society.org]

  This seemedto be due to a dyeing effect of the drug on the tissuesand not to jaundice, for serum from such cases, whentested, did not show excess of serum bilirubin. [docslide.com.br]

• Arthritis

  Quinacrine is also known not to be as effective in treating synovitis (in arthritis) as Plaquenil. [healthcentral.com]

  The second patient is a 35-year-old woman (smoker) with a history of chronic juvenile arthritis, who had been diagnosed with SLE at 26 years of age. [actasdermo.org]

  OBJECTIVE: Macrophages play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a disease characterized by the successive accumulation of leukocytes resulting in subsequent destruction of affected joints. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Pierre Youinou and Jacques-Olivier Pers, Disturbance of cytokine networks in Sjögren's syndrome, Arthritis Research & Therapy, 10.1186/ar3348, 13, 4, (227), (2011). C. Guo and G. R. [doi.org]

• Yellow Discoloration of the Skin

  Five months after starting quinacrine treatment the prednisone dose had been reduced to 15mg/day, but the patient began to experience yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera (Fig. 2). [actasdermo.org]

  Since then, several reports from abroad have indicated that quinacrine was effective therapy in a number of children with petit-mal seizures.2 3 4 5 6 7 The appearance of a yellow discoloration of the skin and sclerae after several days of therapy has [nejm.org]

  […] peeling; unusual bleeding or bruising Rare Vision changes; yellow discoloration of eyes and skin Note: Yellow discoloration of skin, without involvement of the eyes, may be due to the dye characteristics of quinacrine. [drugs.com]

  Quinacrine (Atabrine) is another alternative, but it is prescribed less often because it can sometimes cause a yellow discoloration of the skin. [hopkinslupus.org]

• Dermatitis

  Dermatitis is another common skin complaint that resolves with the discontinuation of quinacrine [1]. Unlike chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, quinacrine has a very low risk of retinal toxicity [4]. [dermnetnz.org]

  Toxic psychoses, bone marrow depression, yellow skin and exfoliative dermatitis are described. Poor toleration is noted, especially in children. It should not be used in combination with 8-aminoquinolines. [chemicalbook.com]

  ≫ 18 quaternary ammonium-based commercial footbath product (1 回) ≫ Veterinary Medicine 獣医学 (1 回) DD (1 回) ≫ 2017 Comparison of the efficacy of a commercial footbath product with copper sulfate for the control of digital dermatitis. ≫ 19 quaternized [allie.dbcls.jp]

  Patients with a lifetime history of dermatitis as an allergic/toxic reaction to any medication. Patients with know dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. [clinicaltrials.gov]

• Skin Disease

  […] retinopathy — 2016 — American Academy of Ophthalmology Mepacrine — British Association of Dermatologists Special Access Scheme — Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration Books about skin diseases Books about the skin Dermatology Made Easy book [dermnetnz.org]

  These trials specifically enrolled SLE patients, and while some did have skin disease, there was no strong focus on skin-specific lupus erythematosus. [lupus.bmj.com]

  Description Antimalarial medications are amongst the most commonly used oral medications for rheumatologic skin diseases. [rheumaderm-society.org]

  Of the 24 patients with SLE, Qn treatment was started due to skin disease in seven and disease activity in the others. [archivesofrheumatology.org]

• Eruptions

  Clinically, her condition was characterized by photosensitivity, malar eruption, scattered erythematous papules (Fig. 1a), and aphthous mouth ulcers. [actasdermo.org]

  Acute generalized skin eruption due to adalimumab: report of two cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007;21:1105-6. Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rothfield NF, et al. [archivesofrheumatology.org]

  Caccialanza et al studied the efficacy of P. leucotomos treating polymorphorous light eruption (PMLE), and 29.8% of patients with PMLE normalised, with 43.8% showing some degree of improvement.16 A similar study by Tanew et al demonstrated that 35 patients [lupus.bmj.com]

• Skin Rash

  Potential side effects of anti-malarial drugs include: Skin rashes and pigment change. Atabrine, specifically, can cause yellow pigmentation of skin. [hopkinslupus.org]

  Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur: Less common Black, tarry stools; blood in urine or stools; cough or hoarseness accompanied by a fever or chills; pinpoint red spots on skin; skin rash, redness, itching or [drugs.com]

  Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible: allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue bloody or watery diarrhea changes in vision fever redness, blistering [fairview.org]

  Less common side effects include allergic skin rashes, bruise-like changes in the skin, hair changes (bleaching or thinning of hair), and muscle weakness. [rheumaderm-society.org]

• Headache

  Depression and severe headache with nausea, which were globally recorded in two cases, led to drug withdrawal. One additional case of hepatitis was recorded in a patient with preexisting Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The usual dose is 100mg/day, and adverse effects include yellow discoloration of mucocutaneous zones,3 lichenoid eruption, aplastic anemia, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, psychosis, convulsions and worsening of psoriasis. [actasdermo.org]

  Common minor adverse effects such as transient headache, gastrointestinal symptoms (eg, nausea, abdominal cramping, and diarrhoea), and dizziness, improve with time or a reduction in the dose [1,3]. [dermnetnz.org]

• Dizziness

  Quinacrine may cause some people to become dizzy. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or are not alert. [drugs.com]

  Drugs & Medications Quinacrine (Bulk) Powder Quinacrine (Bulk) Powder Side Effects by Likelihood and Severity COMMON side effects Diarrhea Dizzy Feel Like Throwing Up Head Pain Loss Of Appetite Skin Discoloration Stomach Cramps Throwing Up INFREQUENT [webmd.com]

  You may get drowsy or dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs mental alertness until you know how this medicine affects you. Do not stand or sit up quickly, especially if you are an older patient. [fairview.org]

  Common minor adverse effects such as transient headache, gastrointestinal symptoms (eg, nausea, abdominal cramping, and diarrhoea), and dizziness, improve with time or a reduction in the dose [1,3]. [dermnetnz.org]

• Confusion

  This can be confused with jaundice which results from poor liver function. The yellow discoloration caused by quinacrine is harmless and will go away relatively quickly by decreasing the dose or stopping the drug altogether. [rheumaderm-society.org]

  Less common side effects: Headaches Muscle aches Weakness Nervousness, irritability, dizziness (although these effects are uncommon) Major neurological side effects: confusion, seizures – These are quite rare, but if you experience them, alert your doctor [hopkinslupus.org]

Table 2 Cure rates and drug-related adverse events reported by treatment groups. [doi.org]

Co-treatment of these cells with quinacrine and TRAIL induces overwhelming cell death within 3-4 h. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Although treatments have improved patient prognosis in surgically resectable colorectal cancer, new effective drugs with improved safety profiles are needed to improve the currently poor outcomes of patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. Arthritis Rheum 1992;35:630-40. Albrecht J, Taylor L, Berlin JA, Dulay S, Ang G, Fakharzadeh S, et al. [archivesofrheumatology.org]

Subsequent epidemiologic data from extensive human studies do not support an increase in cancer risk. This paper reviews the history, limitations and clinical potential of QS. Copyright © 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] page Journals now published by SAGE Human and Experimental Toxicology Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice Lupus Multiple Sclerosis Toxicology and Industrial Health Top of page Other journals no longer published by NPG Cancer Strategy Environmental Epidemiology [nature.com]

DOI PubMed Santos CK, Grama DF, Limongi JE, Costa FC, Couto TR, Soares RM, Epidemiological, parasitological and molecular aspects of Giardia duodenalis infection in children attending public daycare centers in southeastern Brazil. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

This drug also has the benefits that even in patients with severe diarrhoea its intestinal absorption is not interfered[ 26 ] with and it has the additional epidemiological advantage that it could also kill cysts[ 27 ]. [doi.org]

[…] qualifying allergen concentration (1 回) ≫ Allergy and Immunology アレルギー・免疫 (1 回) AR (1 回) AR-CIC (1 回) CAC (1 回) ≫ 2015 The Allergic Rhinitis - Clinical Investigator Collaborative (AR-CIC): nasal allergen challenge protocol optimization for studying AR pathophysiology [allie.dbcls.jp]

The pathophysiology of photosensitive autoimmune skin reactions could be explained by ultraviolet (UV)-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion that leads to keratinocyte apoptosis and the translocation of previously sequestered cellular [archivesofrheumatology.org]

Gulbins E, Li PL (2006) Physiological and pathophysiological aspects of ceramide. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R11–R26. View Article Google Scholar 34. [doi.org]

Quinacrine's anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant properties, and anti-tumorigenic properties make it a potential small molecule preventive agent for both UC and associated colorectal cancer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]