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2.1
Rabies Virus

Images

WIKIDATA, Public Domain

Presentation

Rabies, one of the oldest infectious diseases, still presents a public health threat in most parts of the world today. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Entire Body System

  • Fever

    In retrospect, the donor's clinical presentation (which began with vomiting and upper extremity paresthesias and progressed to fever, seizures, dysphagia, autonomic dysfunction, and brain death) was consistent with rabies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    The first symptoms of rabies may be very similar to those of the flu including general weakness or discomfort, fever, or headache. These symptoms may last for days. [cdc.gov]

    […] dietary supplement if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances, including egg proteins or egg products, neomycin, chlortetracycline, or amphotericin B if you have had an allergic reaction to a rabies vaccine in the past if you have a fever [drugs.com]

    Early symptoms of rabies include fever and tingling at the site of exposure, followed by one or more symptoms such as fear of water, violent movements, confusion, uncontrolled excitement, inability to move parts of the body, and loss of consciousness. [creative-diagnostics.com]

  • Weakness

    However, its inherent weak stability and short half-life compared with the parent RIG may limit its diagnostic and therapeutic application. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    The first symptoms of rabies may be very similar to those of the flu including general weakness or discomfort, fever, or headache. These symptoms may last for days. [cdc.gov]

    […] difficulty breathing or swallowing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, throat, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); burning, numbness, or tingling; decreased movement of the face muscles; fever or chills; irregular heartbeat; muscle weakness [drugs.com]

    By taking a cutoff of 20%, only IgGs with very weak neutralizing activity against E57 escape viruses will be omitted. [doi.org]

    There are several reasons for the lack of accurate data, including weak or non-existent rabies surveillance systems; under-reporting of cases by local communities and central authorities; unreliable diagnosis of cases, which is generally based on clinical [plosntds.org]

  • Pain

    Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome: Dizziness; headache; mild pain, redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site; muscle or joint aches or pain; nausea; stomach pain; tiredness; vomiting [drugs.com]

    To prevent this, the virus causes painful spasms in throat and larynx so that not only saliva production in host is greatly increased, but also drinking, or even thinking about drinking, causes excruciatingly painful spasms in throat. [biology.stackexchange.com]

    Victims suffer painful throat spasms when they try to drink or eat. Paralysis follows, yet people infected with rabies are intermittently alert until near death and can communicate their fear and suffering to family and caregivers. [scientificamerican.com]

    […] nausea, abdominal pain, muscle aches, and dizziness. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

  • Malaise

    Critical Essential Core Tested Community Questions (3) (M1.MC.4752) A 35-year-old spelunker presents to the emergency room complaining of one week of worsening malaise. His last solo spelunking trip was two months ago. [step1.medbullets.com]

    Approximately 6% of people receiving booster vaccinations with HDCV may experience systemic hypersensitivity reactions characterized by urticaria, pruritus, and malaise. The likelihood of these reactions may be less with PCEC. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

  • Asymptomatic

    The 3 other organ recipients remained asymptomatic, with rabies virus neutralizing antibodies detected in their serum after completion of postexposure prophylaxis (range, 0.3-40.8 IU/mL). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    After infection the asymptomatic incubation period is variable, but signs and symptoms most commonly develop within several weeks to several months after exposure. Pain and paresthesia at the site of exposure are often the first symptoms of disease. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

Gastrointestinal

  • Nausea

    Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome: Dizziness; headache; mild pain, redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site; muscle or joint aches or pain; nausea; stomach pain; tiredness; vomiting [drugs.com]

    Rabies Vaccine VACCINE SAFETY AND ADVERSE REACTIONS Travelers should be advised that they may experience local reactions after vaccination such as pain, erythema, swelling, or itching at the injection site, or mild systemic reactions such as headache, nausea [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

  • Vomiting

    In retrospect, the donor's clinical presentation (which began with vomiting and upper extremity paresthesias and progressed to fever, seizures, dysphagia, autonomic dysfunction, and brain death) was consistent with rabies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome: Dizziness; headache; mild pain, redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site; muscle or joint aches or pain; nausea; stomach pain; tiredness; vomiting [drugs.com]

Psychiatrical

  • Anger

    Symptoms include paralysis, cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, anger, paranoia, terror and hallucination. [bio-rad-antibodies.com]

Neurologic

  • Rabies

    Determination of whether the donor died from undiagnosed rabies and whether other organ recipients developed rabies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Agitation

    Encephalitis developed in all four recipients within 30 days after transplantation and was accompanied by rapid neurologic deterioration characterized by agitated delirium, seizures, respiratory failure, and coma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    There may be also discomfort or a prickling or itching sensation at the site of the bite, progressing within days to acute symptoms of cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, and agitation. [cdc.gov]

    It attacks the brain, causing agitation, terror and convulsions. Victims suffer painful throat spasms when they try to drink or eat. [scientificamerican.com]

  • Seizure

    Encephalitis developed in all four recipients within 30 days after transplantation and was accompanied by rapid neurologic deterioration characterized by agitated delirium, seizures, respiratory failure, and coma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    […] breathing or swallowing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, throat, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); burning, numbness, or tingling; decreased movement of the face muscles; fever or chills; irregular heartbeat; muscle weakness; seizures [drugs.com]

    Signs and Symptoms Rabies should be suspected in any wild animal exhibiting any behaviour considered “abnormal”, including: loss of fear or unusual friendliness excitation or aggression depression incoordination paralysis convulsions or seizures abnormal [web.archive.org]

  • Personality Change

    "Sure, I could imagine a scenario where you mix rabies with a flu virus to get airborne transmission, a measles virus to get personality changes, the encephalitis virus to cook your brain with fever"—and thus increase aggression even further—"and throw [news.nationalgeographic.com]

  • Irritability

    It causes an acute, central nervous system infection, characterized by CNS irritation, followed by paralysis and death. Approximately 50,000 human deaths each year are caused by rabies. [novusbio.com]

Treatment

These findings suggest that the rhuIFN α-2a might have some anti-viral activity, which can be used for the treatment of rabies infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Our novel treatment, dubbed the Milwaukee protocol, has stirred controversy among medical specialists; some claim that Jeanna's cure was a fluke. [scientificamerican.com]

Prognosis

Moreover, although the disease is rarer than other human infections such as influenza, the prognosis following a bite from a rabid animal is poor: There is currently no effective treatment that will save the life of a symptomatic rabies patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology

However its epidemiology remains largely unappreciated in much of these regions, such as in Nepal, where limited information is available about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the main etiological agent, the rabies virus (RABV). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Adelchi Negri reported the identification of what he believed to be the etiologic agent of rabies, the Negri body. [whonamedit.com]

The etiology of rabies and the work of Adelchi Negri (1876–1912). In: Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), Adelchi Negri (1876–1912). [dx.doi.org]

Epidemiology

Epidemiologic study determined a respiratory mode of transmission. After a fulminant encephalitic illness, formed rabies virions were identified in the synaptic zones of the olfactory glomeruli. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology

As such, it can be used for the validation of known neuronal synaptic connections (e.g., Stepien et al., 2010 ), but may also reveal hitherto unknown connections or a re-organization of wiring diagrams under physiological and pathophysiological conditions [doi.org]

Prevention

Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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