Because the standard constellation of symptoms in Reiter syndrome (arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis) is not typically present in all patients, the disease can be easily overlooked if clinical suspicion is not high upon presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Trismus

  We present a case report of a four-year-old boy with torcicollis and trismus after acute otitis media. Grisel Syndrome diagnosis in association with temporo-mandibular reactive arthritis was admitted, leading to early conservative treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Strabismus

  [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53:e61-e63.]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Ophthalmology, Sherbrooke University; Medical Director, Cornea Laser and Lasik MD Mounir Bashour, MD, CM, FRCS(C), PhD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Ciliary Injection

  The 28-year-old man visited the authors' hospital due to ciliary injection and hypopyon over left eye. On examination, Behcet-mimicking symptoms were observed, such as genital and oral ulcers and arthritis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Retinal Lesion

  Retinal lesions are not typically found in reactive arthritis. However, a previous case report documented co-existing retinal detachment and reactive arthritis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Arthritis

  How is reactive arthritis treated? The type of treatment for reactive arthritis depends on the stage of reactive arthritis. The early stage of reactive arthritis is considered acute (early). [rheumatology.org]

  Gonococcal arthritis. Gout. Inflammatory bowel disease. Psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatic fever. Rheumatoid arthritis. Septic arthritis. [patient.info]

  Arthritis occurring alone following sexual exposure or enteric infection is also known as reactive arthritis. [en.wikipedia.org]

  In Afghanistan in mid June 2011, 2 US Marines developed reactive arthritis manifested by conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis, and circinate balanitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Arthralgia

  Staphylococcal septicemia, while frequently associated with arthralgia, has rarely been associated with a sterile arthritis, although it infrequently results in septic arthritis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Joint Swelling

  The symptoms of reactive arthritis include: Arthritis Joint swelling and pain Joint stiffness Joint redness Pain that is out of proportion to what is showing on an exam (for instance, there is only a little swelling but a lot of pain) Diagnosis of Reactive [rileychildrens.org]

  It can make your joints swell and hurt, similar to arthritis. Reactive arthritis may be called Reiter’s syndrome or Fiessinger-Leroy’s disease. [familydoctor.org]

  Reactive arthritis is a relatively short-lived condition causing painful joint swelling. It develops in response to and occurs shortly after an infection, usually of the bowel, genital tract or throat. [dundeemedstudentnotes.wordpress.com]

• Joint Effusion

  It is important to consider reactive arthritis, rather than solely an infectious cause of joint effusions, and arthropathy in a patient with a preceding or ongoing Staphylococcal infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  with associated joint effusions) Tendonitis/enthesitis of the lower limbs (achilles’ tendonitis/ plantar fasciitis) is also relatively common. [dundeemedstudentnotes.wordpress.com]

  Very large knee effusions, in excess of 100 mL, are not unusual. When these effusions develop rapidly, they frequently result in popliteal cysts that may rupture and cause a pseudo-phlebitis syndrome. View/Print Figure FIGURE 1. [aafp.org]

• Rabies

  ReA has also been shown to occur after tetanus and rabies vaccination. [lucianoschiazza.it]

  41, 42, 43] ReA following infection with C difficile has been reported. [44, 45] Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for bladder cancer has been associated with ReA. [46, 47, 48] has also been shown to occur after tetanus and rabies [emedicine.medscape.com]

Reactive Arthritis Workup. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/331347-workup#c6. Accessed July 23, 2017. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 2016. [labtestsonline.org]

[…] infectious process, especially in monoarticular arthritis with constitutional symptoms) Antistreptolysin O (ASO) or anti-DNase B testing (if poststreptococcal infection is suspected) Electrocardiography (ECG; in patients with a prolonged course of ReA) See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

Complete resolution of ocular and systemic symptoms was achieved after 2 months of treatment. Streptococcus viridans is potential microorganisms of ReA. Careful survey and prompt treatment is necessary. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Antibiotic treatment does not change the course of reactive arthritis, even when an infective cause is identified. [patient.info]

[…] risk factors for poor prognosis: nature of the infection, persistent infection with Chlamydia, the presence of HLA-B27 (axial involvement, ocular), male gender, recurrent arthritis and a family history of the disease Reference: Dumond DC. [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Prognosis Prognosis is variable. Two-thirds of patients develop prolonged joint discomfort, lower back pain or an enthesopathy after acute ReA. Severe chronic sequelae may develop in up to 30% of cases. [orpha.net]

The influence of new drugs on the short and long term prognosis of the patients with ReA remains to be evaluated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Reactive arthritis usually follows a self-limited course. The symptoms may resolve within 3 months or may take up to one year. Gastrointestinal infections have a better prognosis than genitourinary infections. [boneandspine.com]

The clinical syndrome of reactive arthritis can be easily remembered with the mnemonic: Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree Etiology and Pathogenesis Although the etiology of Reactive Arthritis is incompletely understood, it appears to be the result [pathwaymedicine.org]

Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae are human pathogens; the former being the etiologic agent for trachoma as well as a prevalent sexually transmitted bacterium, while C. pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen responsible for community-acquired [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prospective epidemiologic data suggest that Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis is underdiagnosed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

An invaluable tool for differential diagnosis of STDs, the atlas features one to two color photograph for each disorder and accompanies those with the salient points of epidemiology, clinical signs, physical exam, diagnosis, and management. [books.google.com]

In this report, a case diagnosed with both reactive arthritis and osteopoikilosis will be presented and current arguments about its differential diagnosis and pathophysiology and concomitant disorders shall be discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The pathophysiology of all the seronegative reactive arthritis syndromes and the immunologic role of infectious diseases as precipitants for clinical illness are incompletely understood. [unboundmedicine.com]

Around 1-4% of patients get ReA after enteric infection Around 0.5-1% of patients with urethritis develop ReA Pathophysiology As with other seronegative arthropathies, there is an association with HLA-B27 allele of the MHC-class I protein. [dundeemedstudentnotes.wordpress.com]

Rheumatic fever is an important health problem in certain areas of the world, but it can be prevented by treating streptococcal pharyngitis as soon as it is recognized (i.e. primary prevention). [printo.it]

CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with prior studies and highlight the need for continued primary prevention efforts. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Specialty Care for Lupus People with lupus, a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of the body, often need specialized treatment to minimize their symptoms, reduce inflammation and pain and prevent organ damage. [tuh.templehealth.org]

Prevention The most effective way to prevent reactive arthritis is to avoid the most common infectious causes of the condition. [your.md]