A critique of that paper is presented drawing attention to key methodological weaknesses, to the subjective interpretation of the meta-analysis data, and to the selective and tendentious presentation of the authors' conclusions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These cases were designed to present with at least 5 symptoms listed in the DSM-IV-TR with severity being mild. [keio.pure.elsevier.com]

Symptoms of Reactive Depression The symptoms that present themselves are not unlike that of other types of depression. [depression-test.net]

• Crying

  Hopeless, detached, worthlessness, intense guilt Can't stop crying. It's normal to cry, even several times per day in early grief; but it should come and go. Not sleeping at all. It normal to have some insomnia, given your burdens. [recover-from-grief.com]

  Crying Spells Frequent crying is also not rare. Overwhelmed by emotions some people use crying as a “valve” to deal with all the emotional stress they experience. [medhealthdaily.com]

  People dealing with reactive depression are prone to intense crying, have trouble sleeping, and have the classic symptoms of depression: sadness, loss of interest and motivation, withdrawal, mental and motor slowing, and behavior changes. [health.ccm.net]

• Fatigue

  Side effects from medical treatment can include: nausea, dizziness and fatigue. On the very rare occasion that medicine is prescribed, professionals will usually suggest antidepressants Prozac or Zoloft. [embracingdepression.org]

  We ask about general symptoms (anxious mood, depressed mood, fatigue, pain, and stress) regardless of condition. Last updated: May 29, 2019 [patientslikeme.com]

  battle fatigue, stress breakdown, adjustment reaction of adult life, post-Vietnam syndrome, traumatic neurosis, rape trauma syndrome, child abuse syndrome, battered wife syndrome and Buffalo Creek syndrome. [bullyonline.org]

• Weight Loss

  Biological symptoms such as weight loss, reduced appetite, constipation, sleep disturbance, loss of libido frequently occur. [cbttherapies.org.uk]

  “A patient who has psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia, and gaining weight is scored as having identical symptoms as another who is agitated, sleeping badly, and has weight loss,” Goldberg wrote. [theatlantic.com]

  Sudden weight loss or weight gain can also arise. Difficulty making decisions and difficulty concentrating or remembering are other classic signs or depression. [blog.udemy.com]

  weight loss or weight gain Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or getting out of bed Withdrawal from normal work or leisure activities Withdrawal from friends and family Suicidal thoughts Differences Between Situational and Clinical Depression Clinical [elementsbehavioralhealth.com]

• Family History of Depression

  Other types of depression are different because they may occur for any number of reasons, including a family history of depression. [betterhelp.com]

  Patients with endogenous depression often are more likely to have a positive family history of disorders and fewer psychosocial and environmental factors that cause their symptoms. [13] A family history of depression and perceived poor intimate relationships [en.wikipedia.org]

  Social - doing fewer activities or having fewer interests can cause depression, or may happen because of depression. Family history If you have a family history of depression, you are more likely to get depression yourself. [nursingtimes.net]

• Overeating

  Normal grief changes over time. Most people know when they are stuck in grief and need some help. You have been grieving longer than you think is good for you. Your grief does not feel "fluid". Normal grief changes over time. [recover-from-grief.com]

  Improvements occurred over time, but differences between treatments and compared with placebo were never statistically significant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Moreover, individuals with mood-reactive self-esteem demonstrated more persistent sadness over time. [journals.plos.org]

  Crying Spells : Some people experience major crying spells because they are not able to get over the event that caused them to feel depressed. [mentalhealthdaily.com]

• Loss of Appetite

  Biological symptoms such as weight loss, reduced appetite, constipation, sleep disturbance, loss of libido frequently occur. [cbttherapies.org.uk]

  […] of appetite *Binge eating *Abuse of recreational drugs or alcohol Behavioral Issues In children and teenagers, the disorder is more likely to be characterized by behavioral issues, for instance playing hooky, fighting with peers, or acting out. [depressivedisorder.blogspot.com]

  Apathy is often prominent when depression emerges during AD’s middle stage, though classic depressive symptoms such as agitation, crying, the inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia), loss of appetite, suicidal ideation, and psychotic delusions may [brightfocus.org]

  Changes To Your Appetite Depending on the person involved, reactive depression can lead to a wide scope of eating routine disruptions – from overeating and binge eating to loss of appetite. [medhealthdaily.com]

  […] or staying asleep social isolation thoughts of suicide headaches muscle aches loss of appetite or overeating Your primary care provider or mental health professional can diagnose MDD. [healthline.com]

• Feeling of Worthlessness

  Tabanka is characterized by lassitude, anorexia, insomnia, feelings of worthlessness, anger, a loss of interest in work and other activities and, especially, by a preoccupation with the faithless one. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Self-destructive behavior is a manifestation of the patient's feeling of worthlessness and loss of self esteem. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Symptoms and signs Feelings of despair, helplessness and fatigue following a significant event, change or loss Uncharacteristic feelings of worthlessness, guilt, irritability and uneasiness Withdrawal from relationships and depressed sex drive Lack of [althealth.co.uk]

  Has your son or daughter recently begun expressing feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt? 7. Do they fear death? 8. Is your son or daughter experiencing excessive boredom? 9. [cbn.com]

• Low Self-Esteem

  What constitutes vulnerable self-esteem? Comparing the prospective effects of low, unstable, and contingent self-esteem on depressive symptoms. [journals.plos.org]

  While there is usually a genetic factor with endogenous depression, other factors such as low self- esteem and an externally focused lifestyle weigh more with reactive depression. [exploringyourmind.com]

  Other symptoms include anxiety, hopelessness and despair, self-doubt, low self-esteem, poor concentration, loss of interest, aches and pains, and inability to sleep. It is important that the person seeks help for their depression. [irishhealth.com]

  They also have a low self-esteem and hold many negative expectations about life. Now, when a person holds many negative expectations about himself and his life, some of them will inevitably be fulfilled. [end-your-depression.com]

• Anhedonia

  Anhedonia – Insomnia – Irritability – Lethargy Anhedonia, insomnia, irritability and lethargy are the four key features of reactive depression. Hedonism of course is the personal drive to satisfy the cravings of pleasure. [neckandback.com]

  Synonyms: exogenous depression Type of: clinical depression, depression, depressive disorder a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention [vocabulary.com]

  Endogenous depression is characterized by feelings of guilt and worthlessness and anhedonia. Anhedonia is the inability to derive pleasure from once pleasurable activities such as exercise, hobbies, or sex. [7cups.com]

  Many depression patients exhibit anhedonia, for example, but many others don’t. [theatlantic.com]

  According to DSM V characteristic features of a depressive episode include depression of mood, anhedonia, reduced attention and concentration, ideas of guilt and worthlessness, lowered self esteem, and reduced energy which in turn leads to tiredness and [cbttherapies.org.uk]

• Mood Swings

  It is usually encountered by a mood swing that is an extension of the normal upset feelings that are usually experienced after a sad event happens in someone’s life. [fightingdepression.co.uk]

  Some of the more common modifications include eating a healthy and balanced diet of regularly timed meals, seeking out family and friends for support, taking the time to learn about and understand your mood swings, and making time to talk to a professional [healthline.com]

  swings which may hinder social relationships. [en.wikipedia.org]

  He or she may try to do several things at once and display mood swings from euphoria to aggressiveness. This manic phase is followed by a depressive phase, which comes on over the course of a few days or weeks. [thebrain.mcgill.ca]

  Parents might not realize but children pick up on mood swings and changes and that might affect the life references the child has of the world. [blog.cognifit.com]

• Suicidal Ideation

  They include all or some of the following: Serious feelings of sadness Suicidal ideation Feeling hopeless and helpless Lack of energy – feeling lethargic Increased frequency of crying Difficulty concentrating Change in appetite (eat more or less) Lack [depression-test.net]

  The Suicide Crisis Suicidal ideation is relatively common and is not necessarily associated with a crisis situation. Instead, it may be a symptom of an ongoing problem that is difficult to address without outside assistance (such as depression). [mentalhelp.net]

  Apathy is often prominent when depression emerges during AD’s middle stage, though classic depressive symptoms such as agitation, crying, the inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia), loss of appetite, suicidal ideation, and psychotic delusions may [brightfocus.org]

  Bipolar disorder can cause suicidal ideation that leads to suicidal attempts. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Headache

  Relationship between headaches and depression. Headache, 261–263. Google Scholar DAHLSTROM, W. G., WELSH, G. S., & DALSTROM, L. E. (1972). An Mmpihandbook (Vol. 1): Clinical interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. [link.springer.com]

  Frequent crying episodes Headaches or stomachs Dangerous or self-destructive behavior Increased absences from work or school In general, these symptoms only last for a short period of time relative to other types of depression unless the stressor is [embracingdepression.org]

  Headaches : Many people with depression can experience somatic symptoms – headaches are one of the most common. Additionally, stress itself can lead to headaches if not properly dealt with. [mentalhealthdaily.com]

  In extreme cases, it may be accompanied by somatic symptoms like pain, headaches, and digestive problems. Serious warning signs include drug and alcohol abuse, and suicidal thoughts or behaviors. [psyweb.com]

• Sleep Disturbance

  Biological symptoms such as weight loss, reduced appetite, constipation, sleep disturbance, loss of libido frequently occur. [cbttherapies.org.uk]

  disturbance, and mood swings which may hinder social relationships. [en.wikipedia.org]

  The two disorders have much in common: Decreased memory and concentration Irritability Sleep disturbances Sadness Hopelessness Pessimism It is common to attribute such symptoms to ADHD and the proclivity for a lifetime of defeats and losses the condition [additudemag.com]

  Future work should consider ways to capture momentary measures of these symptoms (e.g., anhedonia, sleep disturbance) to examine a broader range of symptom dynamics in depression. [journals.plos.org]

• Difficulty Concentrating

  Additional symptoms might include anxiety, weight fluctuations and eating disorders, irritability, memory problems and difficulty concentrating. [psyweb.com]

  They include all or some of the following: Serious feelings of sadness Suicidal ideation Feeling hopeless and helpless Lack of energy – feeling lethargic Increased frequency of crying Difficulty concentrating Change in appetite (eat more or less) Lack [depression-test.net]

  Difficulty making decisions and difficulty concentrating or remembering are other classic signs or depression. It’s also not uncommon for folks to slip back into addictive habits like drugs, alcohol or smoking. [blog.udemy.com]

• Apathy

  Apathy is often prominent when depression emerges during AD’s middle stage, though classic depressive symptoms such as agitation, crying, the inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia), loss of appetite, suicidal ideation, and psychotic delusions may [brightfocus.org]

  […] provide adult support) in an attempt to modify problem behaviours or supplement skill deficits.[78] Ultimately, executive function difficulties should not be attributed to negative personality traits or characteristics (e.g. laziness, lack of motivation, apathy [en.wikipedia.org]

• Sexual Dysfunction

  More on the causes of depression Advice on sexual problems - premature ejaculation - if you need help with sexual dysfunction, especially in discovering more creative and productive ways to last longer in bed for men. [end-your-depression.com]

  Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology　2013 Genome-wide association study of SSRI/SNRI-induced sexual dysfunction in a Japanese cohort with major depression.Psychiatry Res. 2012 Review and Meta-Analysis of Antidepressant Pharmacogenetic Findings in Major [www3.kmu.ac.jp]

There was a more rapid effect in those patients who received amitriptyline, but there was no significant difference in response between the treatment groups after 4 weeks treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] strategies regarding pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy. [keio.pure.elsevier.com]

[…] when choosing treatments [18]. [bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com]

Antidepressants might also be part of the treatment plan if psychotherapy does not succeed in lifting the depression. Antidepressants are sometimes the needed treatment to provide temporary relief while the therapy process is underway. [psyweb.com]

It is of practical importance to establish the clinical diagnosis of reactive depression because these states are different from endogenous depressions with regard to pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis As depression goes, the prognosis for reactive depression is quite good. [psyweb.com]

It is of practical importance to establish the clinical diagnosis of reactive depression because these states are different from endogenous depressions with regard to pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment. © 1980 S. [karger.com]

The aim of this review was to revisit reactive and endogenous categories of depression from the perspective of today's understanding of etiological pathways. [insights.ovid.com]

The present results suggest that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of at least some forms of neurotic depression. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Conversely, syndromes and disorders are defined and diagnosed based on their symptomatology rather than etiology. [en.wikipedia.org]

According to these models, schematic negative self-referential thinking is the core mechanism underlying the etiology and maintenance of depression. [journals.plos.org]

Variables combined across the studies were pre- and postintervention scores from the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the number of weeks patients wrote in their diaries (adherence), and the written content in the diaries. [nursingcenter.com]

L. (1977) Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 30, 771–778. Google Scholar | Crossref Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M. (1990) The origins of empathic concern. Special issue: empathy. [journals.sagepub.com]

Psychiatry of somatic diseases: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification. Comparative Psychiatry, 16, 105–124. CrossRef Google Scholar LUBORSKY, L., SINGER, B., & LUBORSKY, L. (1975). Comparative studies of psychotherapies. [link.springer.com]

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). The CESD [ 29 ] is 20-item measure of depression symptoms developed for use in the general population. [journals.plos.org]

In reality, MDD encompasses multiple subgroups that differ meaningfully in phenomenology, natural history, treatment response, and pathophysiology [2]. [bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com]

Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 – via NCBI Bookshelf. ^ "MerckMedicus Modules: ADHD –Pathophysiology". August 2002. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. ^ Wiener JM, Dulcan MK (2004). [en.wikipedia.org]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Interactive Educational Videotaped Interventions (IEVI) designed to prevent HPN complications of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI), to prevent reactive depression (from Diagnostic and Statistical [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If you think someone is considering suicide, get help from a crisis or suicide prevention hotline. Try the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255. [healthline.com]