A critique of that paper is presented drawing attention to key methodological weaknesses, to the subjective interpretation of the meta-analysis data, and to the selective and tendentious presentation of the authors' conclusions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These cases were designed to present with at least 5 symptoms listed in the DSM-IV-TR with severity being mild. [keio.pure.elsevier.com]

Symptoms of Reactive Depression The symptoms that present themselves are not unlike that of other types of depression. [depression-test.net]

• Crying

  Hopeless, detached, worthlessness, intense guilt Can't stop crying. It's normal to cry, even several times per day in early grief; but it should come and go. Not sleeping at all. It normal to have some insomnia, given your burdens. [recover-from-grief.com]

  Crying Spells Frequent crying is also not rare. Overwhelmed by emotions some people use crying as a “valve” to deal with all the emotional stress they experience. [medhealthdaily.com]

  People dealing with reactive depression are prone to intense crying, have trouble sleeping, and have the classic symptoms of depression: sadness, loss of interest and motivation, withdrawal, mental and motor slowing, and behavior changes. [health.ccm.net]

• Fatigue

  Side effects from medical treatment can include: nausea, dizziness and fatigue. On the very rare occasion that medicine is prescribed, professionals will usually suggest antidepressants Prozac or Zoloft. [embracingdepression.org]

  We ask about general symptoms (anxious mood, depressed mood, fatigue, pain, and stress) regardless of condition. Last updated: January 31, 2019 [patientslikeme.com]

  battle fatigue, stress breakdown, adjustment reaction of adult life, post-Vietnam syndrome, traumatic neurosis, rape trauma syndrome, child abuse syndrome, battered wife syndrome and Buffalo Creek syndrome. [bullyonline.org]

• Weight Loss

  Biological symptoms such as weight loss, reduced appetite, constipation, sleep disturbance, loss of libido frequently occur. [cbttherapies.org.uk]

  “A patient who has psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia, and gaining weight is scored as having identical symptoms as another who is agitated, sleeping badly, and has weight loss,” Goldberg wrote. [theatlantic.com]

  Sudden weight loss or weight gain can also arise. Difficulty making decisions and difficulty concentrating or remembering are other classic signs or depression. [blog.udemy.com]

  weight loss or weight gain Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or getting out of bed Withdrawal from normal work or leisure activities Withdrawal from friends and family Suicidal thoughts Differences Between Situational and Clinical Depression Clinical [elementsbehavioralhealth.com]

• Weakness

  A critique of that paper is presented drawing attention to key methodological weaknesses, to the subjective interpretation of the meta-analysis data, and to the selective and tendentious presentation of the authors' conclusions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Work from the position that the client is NOT damaged by directing your efforts toward building on client strengths – instead of shoring up weaknesses. [pharmatherapist.com]

  Symptoms such as feeling helpless, worthless, or weak can be combined with insomnia, irritability and anxiety. Sudden weight loss or weight gain can also arise. [blog.udemy.com]

  This is a heightened reaction to an abnormal situation, not a character flaw or sign of personal weakness. Depression is a treatable medical illness. Most people respond to treatment and are able to bring their lives back into balance. [dbsalliance.org]

• Hypersomnia

  They do experience insomnia or hypersomnia. What factors predispose us to reactive depression? There are several ongoing studies that give us more insight into the anatomy of this type of depression. [exploringyourmind.com]

  Those symptoms might include: Fatigue or loss of energy almost every day Feelings of worthlessness or guilt almost every day Impaired concentration, indecisiveness Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) almost every day Markedly diminished interest [webmd.com]

  “A patient who has psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia, and gaining weight is scored as having identical symptoms as another who is agitated, sleeping badly, and has weight loss,” Goldberg wrote. [theatlantic.com]

  "Review of the possible relationship and hypothetical links between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the simple sleep related movement disorders, parasomnias, hypersomnias, and circadian rhythm disorders". [en.wikipedia.org]

• Overeating

  Normal grief changes over time. Most people know when they are stuck in grief and need some help. You have been grieving longer than you think is good for you. Your grief does not feel "fluid". Normal grief changes over time. [recover-from-grief.com]

  Improvements occurred over time, but differences between treatments and compared with placebo were never statistically significant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Moreover, individuals with mood-reactive self-esteem demonstrated more persistent sadness over time. [journals.plos.org]

  Crying Spells: Some people experience major crying spells because they are not able to get over the event that caused them to feel depressed. [mentalhealthdaily.com]

• Nausea

  Side effects from medical treatment can include: nausea, dizziness and fatigue. On the very rare occasion that medicine is prescribed, professionals will usually suggest antidepressants Prozac or Zoloft. [embracingdepression.org]

  Common side effects of MAOIs include: blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, increased appetite, nausea, restlessness, shaking or trembling, and difficulty sleeping. [nursingtimes.net]

  Examples of SSRIs include: paroxetine (Paxil) fluoxetine (Prozac) sertraline (Zoloft) escitalopram (Lexapro) citalopram (Celexa) SSRIs may cause headaches, nausea, and insomnia at first. [healthline.com]

• Loss of Appetite

  Biological symptoms such as weight loss, reduced appetite, constipation, sleep disturbance, loss of libido frequently occur. [cbttherapies.org.uk]

  […] of appetite *Binge eating *Abuse of recreational drugs or alcohol Behavioral Issues In children and teenagers, the disorder is more likely to be characterized by behavioral issues, for instance playing hooky, fighting with peers, or acting out. [depressivedisorder.blogspot.com]

  Apathy is often prominent when depression emerges during AD’s middle stage, though classic depressive symptoms such as agitation, crying, the inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia), loss of appetite, suicidal ideation, and psychotic delusions may [brightfocus.org]

  Changes To Your Appetite Depending on the person involved, reactive depression can lead to a wide scope of eating routine disruptions – from overeating and binge eating to loss of appetite. [medhealthdaily.com]

  […] or staying asleep social isolation thoughts of suicide headaches muscle aches loss of appetite or overeating Your primary care provider or mental health professional can diagnose MDD. [healthline.com]

• Vomiting

  Some people are able to re-introduce dairy after a month off with no problems, while others totally lose their taste for it and even vomit when trying it again! [kellybroganmd.com]

  If you experience a stiff neck, severe headache, chest pains, vomiting or nausea, or a fast heartbeat, you should seek emergency help immediately by dialling 999 and asking for an ambulance. [nursingtimes.net]

• Increased Appetite

  Common side effects of MAOIs include: blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, increased appetite, nausea, restlessness, shaking or trembling, and difficulty sleeping. [nursingtimes.net]

• Fear

  Focuses specifically on the four stages of reactive depression (anxiety, fear and loneliness, elation, and quiet confidence), commonly experienced by ILSP participants. [eric.ed.gov]

  Finding a way to overcome your fears and finding a logical solution to your problems will help you to recover from your depression much faster. Learn how I beat Depression [fightingdepression.co.uk]

  Symptoms of reactive depression include inability to concentrate, poor appetite, restless sleep, lack of hope, fearfulness, fatigue, sadness, crying for unknown reasons, and not feeling valued. [nursingcenter.com]

  Aug 4, 2015 Yannis Behrakis / Reuters In his Aphorisms, Hippocrates defined melancholia, an early understanding of depression, as a state of “fears and despondencies, if they last a long time.” [theatlantic.com]

  Do they fear death? 8. Is your son or daughter experiencing excessive boredom? 9. Is your son or daughter prone to sudden outbursts of shouting, complaining, unexplained irritability, or crying? 10. [cbn.com]

• Feeling of Worthlessness

  Tabanka is characterized by lassitude, anorexia, insomnia, feelings of worthlessness, anger, a loss of interest in work and other activities and, especially, by a preoccupation with the faithless one. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Self-destructive behavior is a manifestation of the patient's feeling of worthlessness and loss of self esteem. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Symptoms and signs Feelings of despair, helplessness and fatigue following a significant event, change or loss Uncharacteristic feelings of worthlessness, guilt, irritability and uneasiness Withdrawal from relationships and depressed sex drive Lack of [althealth.co.uk]

  Has your son or daughter recently begun expressing feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt? 7. Do they fear death? 8. Is your son or daughter experiencing excessive boredom? 9. [cbn.com]

• Low Self-Esteem

  What constitutes vulnerable self-esteem? Comparing the prospective effects of low, unstable, and contingent self-esteem on depressive symptoms. [journals.plos.org]

  While there is usually a genetic factor with endogenous depression, other factors such as low self- esteem and an externally focused lifestyle weigh more with reactive depression. [exploringyourmind.com]

  Other symptoms include anxiety, hopelessness and despair, self-doubt, low self-esteem, poor concentration, loss of interest, aches and pains, and inability to sleep. It is important that the person seeks help for their depression. [irishhealth.com]

  They also have a low self-esteem and hold many negative expectations about life. Now, when a person holds many negative expectations about himself and his life, some of them will inevitably be fulfilled. [end-your-depression.com]

• Anhedonia

  Anhedonia – Insomnia – Irritability – Lethargy Anhedonia, insomnia, irritability and lethargy are the four key features of reactive depression. Hedonism of course is the personal drive to satisfy the cravings of pleasure. [neckandback.com]

  Synonyms: exogenous depression Type of: clinical depression, depression, depressive disorder a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention [vocabulary.com]

  Endogenous depression is characterized by feelings of guilt and worthlessness and anhedonia. Anhedonia is the inability to derive pleasure from once pleasurable activities such as exercise, hobbies, or sex. [7cups.com]

  Many depression patients exhibit anhedonia, for example, but many others don’t. [theatlantic.com]

  According to DSM V characteristic features of a depressive episode include depression of mood, anhedonia, reduced attention and concentration, ideas of guilt and worthlessness, lowered self esteem, and reduced energy which in turn leads to tiredness and [cbttherapies.org.uk]

• Mood Swings

  It is usually encountered by a mood swing that is an extension of the normal upset feelings that are usually experienced after a sad event happens in someone’s life. [fightingdepression.co.uk]

  Some of the more common modifications include eating a healthy and balanced diet of regularly timed meals, seeking out family and friends for support, taking the time to learn about and understand your mood swings, and making time to talk to a professional [healthline.com]

  swings which may hinder social relationships. [en.wikipedia.org]

  He or she may try to do several things at once and display mood swings from euphoria to aggressiveness. This manic phase is followed by a depressive phase, which comes on over the course of a few days or weeks. [thebrain.mcgill.ca]

  Parents might not realize but children pick up on mood swings and changes and that might affect the life references the child has of the world. [blog.cognifit.com]

• Irritability

  Anhedonia – Insomnia – Irritability – Lethargy Anhedonia, insomnia, irritability and lethargy are the four key features of reactive depression. Hedonism of course is the personal drive to satisfy the cravings of pleasure. [neckandback.com]

  Once the original catalyst has been resolved, a patient can return to their normal life without the irritableness and melancholy they had become accustomed to. [embracingdepression.org]

  (For example, anxiety symptoms and irritability are more common in depressed teenagers than adults.) Adolescents frequently have the “atypical” form of MDD. [cbn.com]

  […] person's life (to be distinguished from normal grief) Great Depression the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s agitated depression a state of clinical depression in which the person exhibits irritability [vocabulary.com]

  Additional symptoms might include anxiety, weight fluctuations and eating disorders, irritability, memory problems and difficulty concentrating. [psyweb.com]

• Insomnia

  Anhedonia – Insomnia – Irritability – Lethargy Anhedonia, insomnia, irritability and lethargy are the four key features of reactive depression. Hedonism of course is the personal drive to satisfy the cravings of pleasure. [neckandback.com]

  Tabanka is characterized by lassitude, anorexia, insomnia, feelings of worthlessness, anger, a loss of interest in work and other activities and, especially, by a preoccupation with the faithless one. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Insomnia Like we mentioned above, having trouble sleeping is not rare. Pondering the root of your volatile emotions, the changes to your life and the event that eventually lead to depression can often cause persistent insomnia. [medhealthdaily.com]

  It normal to have some insomnia, given your burdens. But if you are not getting at least some stretches of restful sleep, see your doctor. Not getting out of bed, dressing for the day, taking care of hygiene, or eating. [recover-from-grief.com]

• Confusion

  Being Confused Confusion is a common symptom in most depressions, and reactive depression is no exception. [medhealthdaily.com]

  Confusion: Sometimes all of the stress and emotional depression can cause people to feel somewhat confused. You may experience memory issues, trouble focusing, and a general confusion about why you haven’t recovered. [mentalhealthdaily.com]

  The psychologist’s thoughts always conflicted with Tejal’s opinions which confused her a lot and didn’t help her case. [yourdost.com]

  Numbness is a normal reaction to an immediate loss and should not be confused with lack of caring. As the individual is able to slowly accept the impact of the loss, denial and disbelief decrease. [centralcarolinacounseling.com]

• Agitation

  […] depression an inappropriate state of depression that is precipitated by events in the person's life (to be distinguished from normal grief) Great Depression the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s agitated [vocabulary.com]

  Recent research, in fact, has suggested that some non-cognitive behavioral symptoms of Major Neurocognitive Disorder such as agitation can respond to treatment with a serotonergic antidepressant. [brightfocus.org]

  In most cases suicide is most likely to occur when the patient is recovering from severe depression. agitated depression major depressive disorder characterized by signs and symptoms of agitation, such as restlessness, racing thoughts, pacing, hand-wringing [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  H., and Wing, L. ( 1969 ). ‘ Physiological measures in agitated and retarded depressed patients .’ Journal of Psychiatric Research, 7, 89 – 100. 9. Maxwell, A. E. ( 1971 ). ‘ Multivariate statistical methods and classification problems .’ [bjp.rcpsych.org]

  According to the definition of Reactive Depression, its symptoms include: Hopelessness, sadness, anxiety, and agitation Weight fluctuations Headaches and digestive issues Source: unsplash.com This is not by any means a comprehensive list of symptoms. [betterhelp.com]

• Sleep Disturbance

  Biological symptoms such as weight loss, reduced appetite, constipation, sleep disturbance, loss of libido frequently occur. [cbttherapies.org.uk]

  disturbance, and mood swings which may hinder social relationships. [en.wikipedia.org]

  The two disorders have much in common: Decreased memory and concentration Irritability Sleep disturbances Sadness Hopelessness Pessimism It is common to attribute such symptoms to ADHD and the proclivity for a lifetime of defeats and losses the condition [additudemag.com]

  Future work should consider ways to capture momentary measures of these symptoms (e.g., anhedonia, sleep disturbance) to examine a broader range of symptom dynamics in depression. [journals.plos.org]

• Sexual Dysfunction

  More on the causes of depression Advice on sexual problems - premature ejaculation - if you need help with sexual dysfunction, especially in discovering more creative and productive ways to last longer in bed for men. [end-your-depression.com]

  Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology　2013 Genome-wide association study of SSRI/SNRI-induced sexual dysfunction in a Japanese cohort with major depression.Psychiatry Res. 2012 Review and Meta-Analysis of Antidepressant Pharmacogenetic Findings in Major [www3.kmu.ac.jp]

There was a more rapid effect in those patients who received amitriptyline, but there was no significant difference in response between the treatment groups after 4 weeks treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] strategies regarding pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy. [keio.pure.elsevier.com]

[…] when choosing treatments [18]. [bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com]

Antidepressants might also be part of the treatment plan if psychotherapy does not succeed in lifting the depression. Antidepressants are sometimes the needed treatment to provide temporary relief while the therapy process is underway. [psyweb.com]

It is of practical importance to establish the clinical diagnosis of reactive depression because these states are different from endogenous depressions with regard to pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis As depression goes, the prognosis for reactive depression is quite good. [psyweb.com]

It is of practical importance to establish the clinical diagnosis of reactive depression because these states are different from endogenous depressions with regard to pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment. © 1980 S. [karger.com]

The aim of this review was to revisit reactive and endogenous categories of depression from the perspective of today's understanding of etiological pathways. [insights.ovid.com]

The present results suggest that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of at least some forms of neurotic depression. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Conversely, syndromes and disorders are defined and diagnosed based on their symptomatology rather than etiology. [en.wikipedia.org]

According to these models, schematic negative self-referential thinking is the core mechanism underlying the etiology and maintenance of depression. [journals.plos.org]

Variables combined across the studies were pre- and postintervention scores from the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the number of weeks patients wrote in their diaries (adherence), and the written content in the diaries. [nursingcenter.com]

L. (1977) Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 30, 771–778. Google Scholar | Crossref Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M. (1990) The origins of empathic concern. Special issue: empathy. [journals.sagepub.com]

Psychiatry of somatic diseases: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification. Comparative Psychiatry, 16, 105–124. CrossRef Google Scholar LUBORSKY, L., SINGER, B., & LUBORSKY, L. (1975). Comparative studies of psychotherapies. [link.springer.com]

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). The CESD [ 29 ] is 20-item measure of depression symptoms developed for use in the general population. [journals.plos.org]

In reality, MDD encompasses multiple subgroups that differ meaningfully in phenomenology, natural history, treatment response, and pathophysiology [2]. [bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com]

Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 – via NCBI Bookshelf. ^ "MerckMedicus Modules: ADHD –Pathophysiology". August 2002. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. ^ Wiener JM, Dulcan MK (2004). [en.wikipedia.org]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Interactive Educational Videotaped Interventions (IEVI) designed to prevent HPN complications of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI), to prevent reactive depression (from Diagnostic and Statistical [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If you think someone is considering suicide, get help from a crisis or suicide prevention hotline. Try the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255. [healthline.com]