Each patient presented with a tender perianal/perineal nodule or mass. Inguinal adenopathy was present in 6 patients at diagnosis. White blood cell counts ranged from 6,600/mm3 to 24,500/mm3. LDH levels ranged from 414 to 3,432 U/L. [jpedsurg.org]

RMS is harder to diagnose in adults, with more advanced disease at presentation (34). [jgo.amegroups.com]

Out of these cases, 34 presented with perianal masses and the remaining one manifested as an inguinal mass. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

Median patient age was 6 years, 36% of patients were misdiagnosed at the time of surgical management, 45% had an initial biopsy diagnosis, and 64% had advanced stage disease at initial presentation. [ro-journal.biomedcentral.com]

Rhabdomyosarcoma can occur throughout childhood and may be present at birth. Rhabdomyosarcoma in children differs from the form of the disease typically seen in adults. There are two types of rhabdomyosarcoma: embryonal and alveolar. [stjude.org]

• Inflammation

  Head and neck: inflammation of the eye or a lump in the neck. Nose: nasal speech, blocked airways, difficulty breathing through the nose or swallowing. Bladder: urine contains blood or difficulty urinating. [hospital.vallhebron.com]

  Nonetheless, as pain itself may indicate local inflammation and progressive infiltration of the malignancy, such signs and symptoms could be considered as risk factors for poor outcomes independent from misdiagnosis. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

  Both these cases support the suggestion that some sarcomas originate from sites with chronic inflammation (68). ASs present as firm, highly vascular lesions that may be mistaken for carcinoma or melanoma on gross pathological examination. [jgo.amegroups.com]

• Cough

  If RMS becomes more advanced, it can cause symptoms such as lumps under the skin (often in the neck, under the arm, or in the groin), bone pain, constant cough, weakness, or weight loss. [cancer.org]

Long-term treatment side effects. The aggressive treatments needed to control rhabdomyosarcoma can cause substantial side effects, in both the short and the long terms. [mayoclinic.org]

The risk group (low, intermediate or high) will also help the healthcare team determine the best treatment or combination of treatments. If rhabdomyosarcoma recurs, your child’s healthcare team will do more tests and recommend more treatments. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

What are the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma? Clinical trials play an important role in making treatments even more effective. [mdanderson.org]

Multimodal treatment should be initiated without delay. If possible, aggressive and mutilating first-line surgery should be avoided as positive surgical margins are common and postoperative sequelae can hamper subsequent treatment. [ro-journal.biomedcentral.com]

Besides, the rate of misdiagnosis was 45.7% in this group, which was significantly related to a poorer prognosis (p = 0.038). PRMS cases are frequently misdiagnosed as perianal abscesses, leading to a poor prognosis. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

Two subtypes of ERMS, botryoid and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas, tend to have a better prognosis (outlook) than the more common conventional form of ERMS. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) ARMS typically affects all age groups equally. [cancer.org]

Although RMS can arise anywhere in the body, it's more likely to start in the: Head and neck area Urinary system, such as the bladder Reproductive system, such as the vagina, uterus and testes Arms and legs The outlook (prognosis) and treatment decisions [mayoclinic.org]

Five year survival reported as varying between 20-25% with poor prognosis overall in rectal leiomyosarcomas (25-28). [jgo.amegroups.com]

Use of ultrasonography in clarifying the etiology of anal pain. J Med Ultrasound. 2017;25:208–14. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Mak CW, Chou CK, Su CC, Huan SK, Chang JM. Ultrasound diagnosis of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

Comparison with cases of unknown etiology. Am J Pathol 1978;92:349-76. Ahmad A, Jamieson T, Balsitis M, et al. Radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the rectum: a case report and review of literature. Colorectal Dis 2008;10:847-8. [jgo.amegroups.com]

Comparing adult and pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program, 1973 to 2005: an analysis of 2,600 patients. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:3391–7. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

Descriptive epidemiology of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in the United States, 1973 to 2002. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:968-73. Bowne WB, Antonescu CR, Leung DH, et al. [jgo.amegroups.com]

Prevention There are currently no known measures to help prevent this type of tumour. [hospital.vallhebron.com]

Treatments being evaluated include angiogenesis inhibitors, which are substances that might be able to prevent the growth of tumors; and biological therapies, which harness the body's immune system to fight cancer or lessen side effects. [childrenshospital.org]

Prevention How can I reduce the risk of my child getting rhabdomyosarcoma? It isn’t clear who gets childhood rhabdomyosarcoma or why. There is currently no way to prevent it or to reduce the risk. [my.clevelandclinic.org]