Our case report shows an exceptional cause and presentation of a NCS. This is a rare entity, with diverse presentations that provides a variety of signs and symptoms. [urologyannals.com]

NCS can differentiate clinically into 2 subtypes as follows: typical presentation (or renal presentation) and atypical presentation (or urologic presentation). [wjgnet.com]

This entity affects women more than men and in most cases present in the third or fourth decades of life [5]. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

We present a case of an 8-year-old boy who presented with painless hematuria for 2 months. Multislice computed tomography angiography revealed obstruction, ectasia, and increased blood flow at the LRV level. [indjvascsurg.org]

Age at presentation can range from childhood to the seventh decade, but most symptomatic patients typically present in the second or third decade [7]. [oatext.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  The syndrome is manifested by left flank and abdominal pain, with or without unilateral haematuria. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A 24-year-old male presented to our institution with worsening abdominal pain in the setting of a seven-year history of chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and vague abdominal pain. [oatext.com]

  Diagnosis is challenging because it is one of the relatively rare non-gastrointestinal causes of abdominal pain (table). [vascsurg.me]

  METHODS: A healthy 19 year old female with a BMI 19 presented with a 2 year history abdominal pain without a discernable etiology. [meeting.savs.org]

  Our patient still suffer of the initial presentation with abdominal and pelvic pain and fatigue, with daily use of analgesics. We present here a case of an 18-year-old boy with severe abdominal pain promoted by an antero-posterior NCS. [urologyannals.com]

• Lower Abdominal Pain

  The syndrome is manifested by left flank and abdominal pain, with or without unilateral haematuria. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The clinical manifestation of nutcracker syndrome ranges a wide variety from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to severe pelvic congestion syndrome characterized by an array of signs and symptoms such as dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, lower abdominal pain [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

  She denied lower abdominal pain nor excessive menstrual bleeding. On examination, she was tender over the left kidney and flank. Laboratory examination was positive for microscopic hematuria. [vascsurg.me]

  When the venous reflux caused by the LRV entrapment leads to the formation of collaterals this syndrome may be a cause of pelvic congestion syndrome characterized by an array of signs and symptoms such as lower abdominal pain and pelvic, perineal and [urologyannals.com]

  Many patients will have left flank and/or lower abdominal pain, and often macro- or microscopic hematuria. [veindirectory.org]

• Severe Abdominal Pain

  Our patient still suffer of the initial presentation with abdominal and pelvic pain and fatigue, with daily use of analgesics. We present here a case of an 18-year-old boy with severe abdominal pain promoted by an antero-posterior NCS. [urologyannals.com]

• Bilious Vomiting

  The patient visited our outpatient clinic presenting bilious vomiting and indigested vomitus for 3 consecutive days. He had lost 20 kg during military service. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chorea

  Huntington Disease and Other Genetic Choreas. ... (2011) The neuropsychiatry of neuroacanthocytosis syndromes. ... (2011) Young-Onset Parkinsonism in a Hong Kong Chinese Man With Adult-Onset Hallervorden–Spatz Syndrome. ... [archive.is]

Gastrointestinal workup including gastric emptying study, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were negative, as was a workup for kidney stones. Eventually she was referred to my clinic for management of nutcracker syndrome. [vascsurg.me]

• Pneumoperitoneum

  Muscular layers of the incision were sutured and the wound was temporarily protected by membrane in order to maintain the normal pressure of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum. Then the patient was turned over and placed in a lateral decubitus position. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Treatment criteria are not well established, however for asymptomatic patients with no haematuria, the treatment remains conservative. [pubs.sciepub.com]

Treatment of the NCS is controversial and there are several available options, including follow-up, conservative treatment and surgical therapy. [urologyannals.com]

[…] for the treatment of the NCS. [29] Hohenfellner et al reported their experience with transposition of the LRV in treatment of the NCS. [sjkdt.org]

The nutcracker syndrome: new aspects of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Urol. 1991;146:685-688. 6. Shokeir AA, El-Diasty TA, Ghoniem MA. The nutcracker syndrome: new methods of diagnosis and treatment. Br J Urol. 1994;74:139-143. 7. [phlebolymphology.org]

Discussion Different treatment options have been proposed for this syndrome, including follow-up, conservative treatment and surgical therapy [ 1, 9, 10 ]. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Treatment and prognosis Treatment should be started strictly when it is causing symptoms (hematuria and left flank pain). Surgical treatment modalities have their inherent complications and should be contemplated only when strongly indicated. [radiopaedia.org]

Nutcracker syndrome recovery time and prognosis Stenting: Recovery time for nutcracker syndrome stenting can last 2-3 months. This allows time for the body to accept the stent and for new tissue to surround it. [upmc.com]

Other etiologic hypotheses of nutcracker syndrome include posterior renal ptosis with resultant stretching of the left renal vein over the aorta, and abnormal branching of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta. 6 Controversy exists about obtaining [appliedradiology.com]

METHODS: A healthy 19 year old female with a BMI 19 presented with a 2 year history abdominal pain without a discernable etiology. [meeting.savs.org]

Etiology [ edit ] In normal anatomy, the LRV travels between the SMA and the AA. [3] Occasionally, the LRV travels behind the AA and in front of the spinal column. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] pancreatic neoplasm, paraaortic lymphadenopathy, retroperitoneal tumor, abdominal aortic aneurysm, overarching testicular artery, LRV duplication, and ectopic ventral right renal artery and strangulating fibrolymphatic tissue may play a role on the etiology [wjgnet.com]

The retroaortic or circumaortic renal vein may be compressed between the aorta and the vertebral body, which is called posterior nutcracker. [5] Epidemiologically, this entity occurs more frequently in women and is diagnosed within the second and third [indjvascsurg.org]

Epidemiologically, the NCS occurs more frequently in women and is diagnosed within the 3 rd and 4 th decade of life; our case however was in an 18-year-old male. [urologyannals.com]

Epidemiologically, this entity occurs more frequently in women and is diagnosed within the 3rd and 4th decade of life, our case however was in a 17 year-old male. [bjuinternational.com]

We review the pathophysiology as well as treatment options for this uncommon disorder. [vasculardiseasemanagement.com]

The nutcracker syndrome: new aspects of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Urol 1991;146: 685-8. Shokeir AA, EL-Diasty TA, Ghoneim MA. The nutcracker syndrome: new methods of diagnosis and treatment. Br J Urol 1994;74:139-43. [latunisiemedicale.com]

The underlying pathophysiology of the NCS is not fully understood. [sjkdt.org]

The nutcracker syndrome: new aspects of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Urol 1991;146:685-8. 19. Hohenfellner M, D'Elia G, Hampel C, Dahms S, Thüroff JW. [jbn.org.br]

White that performing venography in as upright a position as possible recreated the pathophysiology, the physics, particularly for pelvic congestion and nutcracker. Remember, this is a disease of bipedalism, of upright posture. [vascsurg.me]

This arrangement prevents SMA from compressing the LRV (1). Both SMA and LRV anomalies have been pointed out as the primary cause of Nutcracker Syndrome. [syndromespedia.com]

To prevent potential stent migration, either during deployment or afterward, we also chose to use a longer (ie, 60 mm) stent, with extension from the gonadal vein to 1 cm into the IVC. [evtoday.com]

[…] vein: a segment of the great saphenous vein is used as a second connection between the LRV and the IVC to alleviate pressure build up. [7] Renal autotransplantation: transfer of a kidney from its original location into the body to another location to prevent [en.wikipedia.org]

It will enhance the renal vein and prevent the collapse of the portion between the renal vein and aorto-mesenteric clamp. This technique was described for the first time in 1988 by Barnes. [bjuinternational.com]

[…] that it is a largely unknown or under reported symptom, mainly because there is no definitive test to establish you have it so you might only find out you have this for sure if and when the collateral blood flow to the bowel becomes insufficient to prevent [forums.phoenixrising.me]