The rarity of this metastatic tumour, with its unusual presentation, is discussed. [casereports.bmj.com]

Case presentation A 72 year-old female presented to the ED with 4 weeks of gradually worsening left upper and lower quadrant pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Most SCC of the renal pelvis present with advanced disease and dismal prognosis while our patient presented with localized disease without lymphatic and distant metastasis. [jcdr.net]

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis presenting as hydronephrosis. J Can Res Ther 2010;6:537-9 Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis is a rare tumor. [cancerjournal.net]

• Upper Abdominal Pain

  For 2 months prior to admission, she had had intermittent right upper abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, anorexia and significant weight loss. [karger.com]

• Abdominal Tenderness

  There was abdominal tenderness in the left flank area with no palpable mass. Investigations revealed normal CBC, coagulation, renal functions, electrolytes, bone profile LFT, and chest X-ray. HIV 1 and 2 were negative. [urotoday.com]

• Intestinal Perforation

  This especially applies if there is suspicion of anaerobic infection under the diaphragm such as gallbladder, intestines, perforation, abscess. penicillin is often adequate for anaerobic infections above the diaphragm. [oncolex.org]

• Homans' Sign

  She had nonpitting edema on both legs that was more pronounced on the right leg with the presence of Homan's sign. Deep vein thrombosis was suspected. [karger.com]

• Impulsivity

  New impulses in oncologic therapy have occurred in surgery, radiation therapy, and tumor emboliza tion. A further important topic is renal tumors in infants. [books.google.com]

• Hematuria

  He had no history of hematuria, pyuria, or prior surgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  He had no history of hematuria, pyuria, or prior surgery. Access this article online Quick Response Code: Website: www.clinicalimagingscience.org DOI: 10.4103/2156-7514.109741 Copyright: 2013 Kalayci OT. [cyberleninka.org]

After proper workup, large calculus with heterogeneous density mass detected in nonfunctioning left kidney. After radical nephrectomy, histopathological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sudden onset of similar diffuse cutaneous lesions should elicit serious consideration for paraneoplastic disease and further workup to evaluate for an underlying cancer. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

Recent workup demonstrated a complex 6.5 cm mass arising from the lower pole of her atrophic left kidney. [ijpmonline.org]

SCC may be associated with paraneoplastic syndrome; [10] however, the laboratory workup of our patients did not show any abnormal results. [urologyannals.com]

Authors’ contributions All the authors contributed to the workup of the patient including clinical evaluation, investigation, and treatment planning. The manuscript has been reviewed and approved by all the authors. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

• Dyslipidemia

  Her medical conditions were hypertension and dyslipidemia, and she was receiving treatment with amlodipine and simvastatin. She was a passive smoker and did not drink alcohol. There was no history of malignancy in her family. [karger.com]

New treatment modalities are urgently needed to improve the poor prognosis in patients with advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. [nebraska.pure.elsevier.com]

There are still no standard treatments for SCC of the renal pelvis. Some literature suggests the primary treatment of renal pelvic SCC is nephrectomy. [tro.amegroups.com]

Radical surgical resection is the foremost treatment option, as alternative treatments are of limited efficacy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The insidious onset of symptoms and the lack of any pathognomic sign lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Squamous cell carcinoma is frequently associated with urolithiasis and hydronephrosis [2,3,4]. [urotoday.com]

Therefore, most patients should require treatment of staghorn stones. The treatment options are medical therapy, surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and shock wave lithotripsy. [karger.com]

Conclusions: The prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma is poor, but stage for stage the prognosis is not different between patients with urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. [nebraska.pure.elsevier.com]

It has a poor prognosis. The authors report the case of a 74-year old man with a destroyed and painful kidney containing a staghorn calculus for 30 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Most SCC of the renal pelvis present with advanced disease and dismal prognosis while our patient presented with localized disease without lymphatic and distant metastasis. [jcdr.net]

Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis is a rare cancer with a extremely poor prognosis. Its incidence is only 0.5–1% of all urothelial cancers. [tro.amegroups.com]

In our case, chronic irritation and superadded fungal infection is most likely the etiology of this rare carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Ureteral obstruction is the main cause of presenting symptoms. [urotoday.com]

Different etiological factors including renal calculi, hydronephrosis, chemical use/abuse, vitamin A deficiency, and hormonal imbalances have been implicated in the pathogenesis of upper tract SCC. 5 The strongest association has been reported with stone [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] squamous differentiation Epidemiology Very rare tumor, except for patients with nonfunctioning hydronephrotic kidney due to renal pelvic stone disease ( Mol Clin Oncol 2015;3:941 ) Approximately equal men and women, age 50 - 70 years ( J Urol 2007;178:51 ) Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Various etiological features have been held responsible for squamous metaplasia and subsequent carcinoma. Of these, renal calculi and infection are the leading ones. [ccij-online.org]

[…] urothelial differentiation (invasive or in situ) and not combined with another renal neoplasm Terminology Cases with associated urothelial carcinoma or urothelial carcinoma in situ are best classified as urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

The issue of synergistic effects can be appropriately addressed by epidemiological studies that show stratified analysis and have sufficient power. [greenfacts.org]

Bladder Cancer Epidemiology Bladder cancer is the fourth-most common cancer in the United States, 1 affecting men 3 times more than women. 1 In 2014, 74,690 new cases and 15,580 deaths are projected to occur in the United States. 2 This represents 4.5% [onclive.com]

"The Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma". Journal of Urology. 176 (6): 2353–235. doi : 10.1016/j.juro.2006.07.130. PMID 17085101. Retrieved 2012-07-15. Thyavihally YB, Tongaonkar HB, Desai SB (September 2005). [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology of transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis is similar to those of the rest of the urinary tract: please refer to TCCs of urinary tract for further details. [radiopaedia.org]

References Healy KA, Ogan K: Pathophysiology and management of infectious staghorn calculi. Urol Clin North Am 2007;34:363-374. [karger.com]

Other risk factors include race, age, sex, bladder birth defects, genetics, long-term chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, pelvic radiation, and having taken pioglitazone for diabetes for more than 1 year. 3 Pathophysiology Non–muscle invasive disease [onclive.com]

Pathophysiology TCC accounts for more than 90% of renal pelvic tumors; other cancer types seen include squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment is essentially preventive by removal of staghorn calculi and management of chronic urinary tract infections. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This emphasizes the need of early treatment of nephrolithiasis to prevent the development of SCC and screening of patients with long standing staghorn calculi. [jcdr.net]

Removal of the staghorn stone is necessary to eliminate infection and prevent squamous metaplasia of the renal epithelium. [karger.com]

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to nephroureterectomy is recommended for high grade and high stage lesions because other treatments can decrease renal function, often preventing subsequent use of adjuvant chemotherapy. [msdmanuals.com]