Most common mode of presentation was acute renal failure (11) during spring/summer (14). Evidence for systemic disease was present in all patients. Mean plasma creatinine on presentation was 0.52 mmol/L and calcium 3.01 mmol/L. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hepatomegaly

  Liver and spleen usually, some enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly) and spleen (splenomegaly) is seen and can be depicted with ultrasound, CT and MRI 1,3 ultrasound : pattern of either diffuse increased homogeneous or heterogeneous echogenicity nodules [radiopaedia.org]

  […] vision, watery eyes and photophobia (dislike of light) iris nodules retinochoroiditis conjunctivitis lacrimal gland involvement optic nerves proptosis (protruding eyeball) Uncommonly, cataracts, glaucoma, and blindness can result Liver Up to 1/3 have hepatomegaly [dermnetnz.org]

  Pulmonary hypertension, cardiac involvement, cor pulmonale, nephrocalcinosis, lupus pernio, and hepatomegaly are some poor prognostic manifestations. [renalandurologynews.com]

  Steroids commonly advised for symptomatic patients or those in whom imaging is static or worsens over a three-month period. 5 Sarcoidosis & Abdominal Pain or GI Bleed Granulomatous hepatic infiltration is common, (20% of patients display hepatomegaly [emdocs.net]

  Abnormal liver function test, hepatomegaly, rarely cholestasis, portal hypertension, hepatic insufficiency Systematics liver function tests, CT, biopsy Splenic (Gastrointestinal system) 10% Splenomegaly; rarely pain, pancytopenia; very rarely, splenic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Heart Failure

  Causes of death include: Bleeding from the lung tissue Heart damage, leading to heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms Lung scarring (pulmonary fibrosis) Sarcoidosis may lead to these health problems: Fungal lung infections ( aspergillosis ) Glaucoma [medlineplus.gov]

  Sarcoidosis can also cause the heart to beat abnormally. Inflammation of the heart muscle may occur, making the heart lose its ability to pump blood all through the body. This condition is called congestive heart failure. [aafp.org]

• Heart Disease

  The most frequently diagnosed heart problems include chest pain, cor pulmonale (an enlargement of the right side of the heart that results from disease in the lungs or its blood vessels), cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle itself), and abnormalities [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  palpitations and rarely sudden death Symptoms and signs associated with congestive heart failure, pericarditis or papillary muscle dysfunction (valvular heart disease). [dermnetnz.org]

  National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health. 14 June 2013. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2014. ^ a b c Syed J, Myers R (January 2004). "Sarcoid heart disease". [en.wikipedia.org]

• Fracture

  […] treatment ] Extra-renal manifestations [ Time Frame: 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the beginning of the treatment ] incidence of arrhythmias and cardiac conduction disease [ Time Frame: 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the beginning of the treatment ] fragility fracture [clinicaltrials.gov]

  At present, studies appear to suggest that vitamin D supplementation is generally safe, with a real but very small risk of inciting hypercalcemia, but have not yet shown to provide benefit in protection against bone loss and fractures. [renalandurologynews.com]

  (a) Close-up view from a radiograph of the left hand shows a pathologic fracture caused by an extensive osteolytic lesion in the thumb (arrow). [pubs.rsna.org]

  未熟奇形腫：immature teratoma 皮様嚢胞腫：dermoid cyst ◎卵巣甲状腺腫：struma ovarii ◎カルチノイド腫瘍：carcinoid tumor 線維腫：fibroma 腺線維腫：adenofibroma ◎Krukenberg腫瘍 運動器 1）骨 急性化膿性骨髄炎：acute suppurative osteomyelitis 慢性骨髄炎：chronic osteomyelitis 結核性骨髄炎：tuberculous osteomyelitis ◎骨折：bone fracture [medical-e.net]

• Skin Disease

  (2015) [10] Deaths 122,000 with interstitial lung disease (2015) [11] Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas. [2] The disease usually begins in the lungs, skin, or lymph nodes [en.wikipedia.org]

• Asthenia

  Except for mild asthenia, polyuria and polydipsia, he remained asymptomatic. Physical examination was entirely normal. [erj.ersjournals.com]

• Hematuria

  On admission, the laboratory data suggested interstitial nephritis without proteinuria and hematuria, whereas a renal biopsy showed granulomatous interstitial nephritis and mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dysuria

  The patient did not have any history of kidney disease, cough, skin rash, dysuria, hematuria or any other symptoms. Physical examination was unremarkable. Serum creatinine was 2.2 mg/dl and serum calcium was 11.5 mg/dl. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  He reports no flank pain, dysuria, frank hematuria, foamy urine, decline in urine output, or difficulty voiding. He has no history of significant medical conditions. He does not drink, smoke, or use recreational drugs. [mdedge.com]

  […] been recorded. [54], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61] The first report was in 1941 and describes a lesion on the skin of the penis. [62] Two of the cases occurred at the urethral meatus (they may have been urethral) and presented with urethral bleeding and dysuria [indianjurol.com]

• Nocturia

  A 66-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of lethargy, polyuria and nocturia. Clinical examination was unremarkable and she had impaired renal function (urea 18 mmol/l (108 mg%) and creatinine 380 mumol/l (4.3 mg%)). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Patients frequently have nocturia (decreased concentrating ability), sterile pyuria, and HTN. Anaemia is frequently seen. 32. [slideshare.net]

Contralateral progression and workup for further symptoms finally established the diagnosis of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. With corticosteroid and azathioprine treatment, renal function was preserved in the long term. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Because histopathological analysis of renal biopsy specimens can reveal various entities, a diagnostic workup is necessary in every patient with sarcoidosis. [journals.lww.com]

The chronic kidney disease workup was negative. Imaging indicated nephromegaly and a normal CT of the chest. Bone marrow and kidney biopsies were obtained. The bone marrow biopsy showed extensive noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. [shmabstracts.com]

• X-Ray Abnormal

  I n more than 90% of the patient's chest x-ray film is abnormal. 49. Does sarcoidosis cause a lot of anxiety and insomnia? Any illness, particularly in individuals who were previously healthy, can cause anxiety and insomnia. [sarcoid-network.org]

• Creatinine Decreased

  Serum creatinine was 2.2 mg/dl and serum calcium was 11.5 mg/dl. Serum intact parathyroid hormone level (12 pg/mL) was decreased. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Abnormal Renal Function

  Case Report A 43-year-old African-American male with no prior medical history was referred to outpatient nephrology clinic for evaluation of abnormal renal function found on routine health exam. Serum creatinine level was 2.4 mg/dL. [ispub.com]

We suggest that the key prognostic factor for renal survival in RS is the early response to treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis of Sarcoidosis and the Kidney The prognosis of this condition, like the natural history, is variable. The presence of scarring within the kidney carries a less favourable prognosis. [myvmc.com]

In the same way, familial sarcoidosis does not imply a worse prognosis, with several reported cases in whom treatment is not required but spontaneous remission happens. [erj.ersjournals.com]

Prognosis Mortality associated with sarcoidosis is estimated at between 0.5-5%. [orpha.net]

Prognosis, therapy and follow-up Prognosis: Although end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring some form of renal replacement therapy is uncommon, the sarcoidosis cannot necessarily be considered a benign nephrologic condition. [peertechz.com]

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in several organs; renal impairment alone is a rare condition. [scielo.br]

Although uncommon, renal sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute or chronic renal failure of uncertain etiology, as early diagnosis and treatment can lead to recovery of renal function and prevent interstitial fibrosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Our experience indicates that the previously unreported etiology of acute renal failure in sarcoidosis, acute interstitial nephritis, can be successfully treated with prednisone. Author information Affiliations New York Univ. [nature.com]

References [ 1 ] Löffler, U., Tuleweit, A., Waldherr, R., Uppenkamp, M. and Bergner, R. (2015) Renal Sarcoidosis: Epidemiological and Follow-Up Data in a Cohort of 27 Patients. [scirp.org]

Experts in the field provide chapters on epidemiology, genetics, pathology, ocular sarcoidosis, renal sarcoidosis, rare manifestations, diagnostic approaches, therapy, transplantation and more. Voransicht des Buches » [books.google.de]

Experts in the field provide chapters on epidemiology, genetics, pathology, ocular sarcoidosis, renal sarcoidosis, rare manifestations, diagnostic approaches, therapy, transplantation and more. Vista previa del libro » [books.google.es]

Renal Sarcoidosis: epidemiological and follow-up data in a cohort of 27 patients. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2015;31(4):306-15. PubMed | Google Scholar Manjunath V, Moeckel G, Dahl NK. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

Ackermann D (2007) Hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis–case report, prevalence, pathophysiology and therapeutic options. [link.springer.com]

Acute Kidney Injury: Definition, Pathophysiology and Clinical Phenotypes. Clin Biochem Rev. 2016 May;37(2):85-98. PMID: 28303073; PMCID: PMC5198510. 25. Rajakariar R, Sharples E, Raftery M, Sheaff M, Yaqoob M. [mattioli1885journals.com]

We discuss the atypical presentation, pathophysiology and highlight the importance of performing a renal biopsy. [ispub.com]

This review will summarize the epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of RS. [peertechz.com]

In this piece, we’ll briefly highlight facts regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of sarcoidosis. [emdocs.net]

Awareness of similarities in computed tomography imaging and histopathological findings of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal sarcoidosis may prevent delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment of the latter. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

High levels of calcium in the blood also cause blood vessels in the kidney to constrict, preventing proper clearance of waste from the blood and leading to dehydration. [sarcoidosisnews.com]