Presentation
The first consideration is to exclude a foreign body obstructing the airway; if a foreign body is present, resistance to ventilation is marked during mouth-to-mask or bag-valve-mask ventilation. [msdmanuals.com]
[…] to 5 minutes. 4 – 6 Maximal respiratory depression after fentanyl administration occurs 5 minutes after administration, is dose dependent, and is most common when combined with a sedating agent, such as midazolam or propofol. 3, 4, 6, 7 However, the present [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The independent predictors of death within 24 hours after arrest in an ICU were sex, the presenting rhythm and the duration of CPR. Predictors of later death (eight months or more after arrest) were age and duration of CPR. [cmaj.ca]
Entire Body System
- Anemia
Although in most instances it is relatively harmless, gastroesophageal reflux in infancy may be responsible for failure to thrive, blood loss anemia resulting from peptic esophagitis, and recurrent aspiration pneumonia, The importance of the last has [pediatrics.aappublications.org]
Patients with hypoxemia may be cyanotic, but cyanosis can be masked by anemia or by carbon monoxide or cyanide intoxication. [msdmanuals.com]
Cardiovascular
- Heart Disease
Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899: Elsevier. pp. 807–847. ISBN 978-0-323-46342-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) ^ a b Tibballs, James (2019). [en.wikipedia.org]
Musculoskeletal
- Muscle Weakness
Patients with CNS impairment or respiratory muscle weakness have feeble, gasping, or irregular respirations and paradoxical breathing movements. [msdmanuals.com]
Respiratory muscle fatigue can also lead to respiratory muscle weakness if patients breathe over 70% of their maximum voluntary ventilation. [en.wikipedia.org]
Psychiatrical
- Fear
[…] options are legally and ethically unacceptable in the United States. 1 The patient’s suffering should not be discounted, and every effort must be made by clinicians to ensure the patient’s comfort. 2,4,21 Conversely, clinicians or families may express a fear [reliasmedia.com]
Treatment
His laceration was repaired and he was transferred to a nearby facility for definitive treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Together, both hands will thrust inward and upward by pulling up with both arms.[17] Treatment[edit] Treatment varies depending on the cause of respiratory arrest. [en.wikipedia.org]
Death rattle: Prevalence, prevention, and treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23:310-317. [reliasmedia.com]
Clinical evaluation Respiratory arrest is usually clinically obvious; treatment begins simultaneously with diagnosis. [msdmanuals.com]
Prognosis
While the ultimate prognosis may be similar to the patient who is unaware, it may feel like suicide. [reliasmedia.com]
Epidemiology
Use of intensive care at the end of life in the United States: An epidemiologic study. Crit Care Med 2004;32:638-643. Smedira NG, et al. Withholding and withdrawal of life support from the critically ill. N Eng J Med 1990;322:309-315. [reliasmedia.com]
"Epidemiological Survey of Head and Neck Injuries and Trauma in the United States". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 151 (5): 776–784. doi:10.1177/0194599814546112. ISSN 0194-5998. PMC 4481864. [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
Cuffed tubes were made originally for adults and children over 8 years old, but cuffed tubes have been used in infants and younger children to prevent air leakage. Cuffed tubes can be inflated to the extent needed to prevent air leakage. [en.wikipedia.org]
Anything that prevents the face mask from fitting tightly against your face, such as a beard or long sideburns, may cause leakage. [cdc.gov]
Death rattle: Prevalence, prevention, and treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23:310-317. [reliasmedia.com]
A key strategy to prevent or mitigate arrests needs to include earlier identification and response. Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge the work of Mrs. Patrica Thompson, who assisted with data abstraction and editing. [cmaj.ca]