Inheritance - congenital achromatopsia is transmitted in an autosomal-recessive trait Presentation - patients present in early childhood with nystagmus, abnormal visual behaviour or photophobia. Acuity is less than 20/200. [patient.info]

High myopia was present in 19 pts. [omicsonline.org]

In this volume, the seminars on surgical retina presented by renowned experts during ESASO’s activities are collected. Many specialists have contributed their knowledge to make this volume a device to give practical support. [books.google.com]

History Patients with atrophic retinal holes generally present for routine ocular examinations. This type of lesion is generally an incidental finding. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Variable features of lattice lesions include abnormal pigmentation (present in 82 percent), yellow-white surface flecks (present in 80 percent) and branching white lines, which represent occluded or sheathed vessels (present in 17 percent). [reviewofophthalmology.com]

• Asymptomatic

  Three of five symptomatic and all asymptomatic breaks occurred adjacent to lattice lesions. [clinicalgate.com]

  Asymptomatic Retinal Breaks Asymptomatic operculated holes and atrophic round holes very rarely lead to detachment. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

  Subclinical Retinal Detachment Resulting from Asymptomatic Retinal Breaks. [eyewiki.aao.org]

  […] flap tears, lattice, operculate holes, and atrophic retinal holes - Symptomatic flap tears almost always treated - Asymptomatic tears and lattice do not need to be treated unless they occur together or if other risk factors are present such as myopia [brainscape.com]

  Lattice degeneration --- Monitor: Pigmented lattice degeneration without associated holes in an asymptomatic myopic patient. [healio.com]

• Disability

  HHH syndrome, even rarer than GA with only about 50 reported cases, is a rare inborn error of metabolism associated with growth and developmental delays, learning disabilities, and, in most cases, ataxia. [path.upmc.edu]

• Vascular Disease

  Master the latest advances in ophthalmology: radical changes in the management of macular disease, including the widespread introduction of VEGF inhibitor therapy; recent developments in the investigation and treatment of retinal vascular disease; new [books.google.com]

  Diseases (see also: Systemic Immunologic Diseases) -> Arterial Obstructive (Occlusive) Disease of the Eye -> Branch Artery Occlusion (BRAO) -> Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion with Edema of Axonal Fibers Proximal to Embolus (Time Course over 4 Weeks, [atlasophthalmology.net]

  Retinal detachments may be associated with congenital malformations, metabolic disorders, trauma, previous ocular surgery, vascular disease, choroidal tumors, high myopia, vitreous disease or degeneration. [institut-vision.org]

• Scotoma

  Both forms of retinoschisis cause an absolute scotoma (dense visual field defect) in the corresponding visual field to the area of retina affected, whereas, retinal detachments cause a relative scotoma “curtain effect” in the visual field. [asams.org]

  This loss of our straight ahead vision is called a central scotoma - it is a gray or black spot that appears in the center of one's vision. Other vision changes involve: 1. Reading slower The speed of reading drops as GA progresses 2. [webrn-maculardegeneration.com]

  CASE REPORT A 40-year-old female consulted an ophthalmologist in 2003 after realizing that she had a scotoma in the central field along with minor complaint of metamorphosis in the left eye (OS). [scielo.br]

  Formal visual field testing may manifest scotomas along areas of densely involved retina. There are no specific findings on anterior and vitreous examination. [eyewiki.org]

• Photopsia

  Retinal tears may occur without symptoms, but often photopsia (luminous rays or light flashes in vision) is noted. Photopsia results from mechanical stimulation of the retina by vitreoretinal traction. [aafp.org]

  Some patients may present with a complaint of photopsias (flashing lights) or other visual disturbance if associated with a symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment. [eyewiki.aao.org]

  This article will review how to approach the patient who has acute symptoms of vitreous floaters and photopsia. [optometricmanagement.com]

  Signs & Symptoms The patient is usually over age 20 and is nearly always asymptomatic, except for possible complaints of flashing lights (photopsia). There appears to be a higher incidence of myopia in patients with lattice degeneration. [eyecaretrust.org.uk]

  Photopsia, the subjective impression of flashing lights, is caused by vitreous traction on the peripheral retina. Floaters are described as "cobwebs," "spots," or "hair" in the field of vision. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

• Background Retinopathy

  · background NOS · Coats · exudative · hypertensive H35.1 Retinopathy of prematurity Retrolental fibroplasia H35.2 Other proliferative retinopathy Proliferative vitreo-retinopathy Excludes: proliferative vitreo-retinopathy with retinal detachment ( H33.4 [apps.who.int]

Laboratory test Laboratory studies should be aimed towards narrowing the differential diagnosis depending on the presentation and given the overlap with inflammatory degenerative diseases a workup can include: comprehensive metabolic panel, complete and [eyewiki.org]

[…] have become the standard treatment for patients with exudative AMD. [ijo.in]

Death of retinal cells 18.3% of CATT Patients ( Comparison of Age-related macular degeneration Treatment Trials ) developed geographic atrophy. [healingtheeye.com]

Put the very latest scientific and genetic discoveries, diagnostic imaging methods, drug therapies, treatment recommendations, and surgical techniques to work in your practice. [books.google.de]

The material is in no way intended to replace professional medical care by a qualified specialist and should not be used as a basis for diagnosis or treatment. [orpha.net]

Methods of prophylactic treatment Subclinical retinal detachment (>1-disc diameter of subretinal fluid but Laser photocoagulation is the primary method of prophylactic treatment. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis - there is no progression. [patient.info]

Prognosis The ocular prognosis is poor because constriction of the visual field and visual loss are progressive and can cause blindness. Early diagnosis and successful diet treatment are important prognostic factors. [orpha.net]

Prognosis The prognosis for atrophic retinal holes is good. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Prognosis Patients with PPRCA have good visual prognosis with slowly progressive disease. In patients without macular involvement, visual acuity is minimally adversely affected. [eyewiki.org]

Etiology The etiology of PPRCA remains unknown with a presumed initial inflammatory insult that leads to the slow developmental of the retinal findings. [eyewiki.org]

Etiology GACR is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ornithine aminotransferase OAT gene (10q26) which codes for the ornithine-degrading, pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme ornithine aminotransferase. [orpha.net]

These cases are usually associated with a worse prognosis compared to breaks of other etiologies. RRD is a common feature in several genetic syndromes. [institut-vision.org]

P athophysiology The etiology of lattice is questionable. It appears to be due to dropout of peripheral retinal capillaries with resulting ischemia, which induces thinning of all retinal layers. [eyecaretrust.org.uk]

Furthermore, consideration must be given to the risk of recurrence or involvement of the fellow eye based on the etiology (as described above). [asams.org]

Summary Epidemiology Prevalence has been estimated to be 1/50,000 in Finland. More than 200 biochemically-confirmed cases have been reported in the international literature. [orpha.net]

Jpn J Clin Ophthalmol 35:1347–1352 Google Scholar Ohba N, Murakami F (1982) An epidemiological study of lattice degeneration of the retina. [link.springer.com]

Generally, myopia is the result of elongated axial length in the region of 25.5 or 26.5mm. (1,2) Degenerative myopia is also known as other terminology including: High Myopia Degenerative Myopia Pernicious Myopia Malignant Myopia EPIDEMIOLOGY The epidemiology [optometrystudents.com]

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS The pioneering works of ophthalmic giants such as deWecker, Leber, and Gonin pointed out the significance of retinal breaks in the pathophysiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

Comprehensively updated to reflect everything you need to know regarding retinal diagnosis, treatment, development, structure, function, and pathophysiology, this monumental ophthalmology reference work equips you with expert answers to virtually any [books.google.de]

Pathophysiology Retinal holes are the result of chronic atrophy of the sensory retina. These lesions often take a round or oval shape. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Pathophysiology: Ornithine is a non-essential amino acid that plays an important role in the metabolism of urea, creatinine and polyamines, and in the exchange of molecules between the urea and Kreb's cycles. [path.upmc.edu]

Ongoing genetic research continues to change the understanding of pathophysiology. Stargardt's disease and fundus flavimaculatus [ 3 ] There has been some question as to whether this condition is two diseases or one. [patient.info]

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS The pioneering works of ophthalmic giants such as deWecker, Leber, and Gonin pointed out the significance of retinal breaks in the pathophysiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

Chapter 106 Prevention of Retinal Detachment Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment continues to be an important cause of reduced visual acuity and blindness. [clinicalgate.com]

The topics range from prevention to state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques and the latest surgical treatment options for many eye conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.This publication provides the ophthalmologist [books.google.com]

Cryotherapy may be a necessary alternative in cases in which significant hemorrhage prevents laser administration. [emedicine.medscape.com]