Presented at: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology meeting; May 2011; Fort Lauderdale, Fla. Salvetti P, Rosen JM, Reichel E. [healio.com]

In this presentation, Dr. Harper discusses about various retinal conditions where laser can be used. Lecturer: Dr. [cybersight.org]

“Focal” laser is presently the treatment of choice for diabetic macular edema. "Focal" Laser Treatment to Treat Microaneurysms A small lens is placed on the surface of the eye. [retinaeyedoctor.com]

As a result, new vessels do not develop and any already present may go away. The results of scatter laser are usually apparent after a few weeks. The main risk of laser treatment is a burn to the fovea, which could permanently damage central vision. [retinadoctor.com.au]

Mean best-corrected visual acuity increased, on average, by about 9 letters by 3 months, and no study reported a decrease in acuity below presentation. [journals.lww.com]

• Swelling

  If swelling affects the central part of the retina (the macula), the vision becomes blurred. Laser treatment can be used to create small burns of low intensity in the area of swelling, in an effort to reduce the swelling. [iowaretina.com]

  In venous occlusions, the central retina may swell up due to fluid collection leading to reduced vision. Such cases require laser to decrease the swelling, which may help in improving your vision. [craigfernmd.com]

  In diabetes, however, the vessels are damaged and may leak fluid, causing the retina to swell (diabetic macular edema). Vision is affected when the swelling involves the central vision area. [nylasergroup.com]

  In diabetic macular edema, there is fluid leakage from the retinal blood vessels, causing the macula to thicken and swell up. Macular edema can be treated with laser and intravitreal injections. [vision-and-eye-health.com]

  In diabetes, however, the vessels may leak, causing the retina to swell and not work properly (diabetic macular edema). Vision is affected when the swelling involves the central vision area. [eyecenters.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  A retinal tear or a detached retina is repaired with a surgical procedure. [aao.org]

  Serious complications with pan-retinal photocoagulation are extremely rare, but like any surgical procedure, it does have risks. These risks can be minimized by going to a specialist experienced in pan-retinal photocoagulation. [memorialeye.com]

  In this surgical procedure, the doctor sews a silicone band (buckle) around the white of your eye (she'll call it the sclera). This pushes it toward the tear until it heals. This band is invisible and is permanently attached. [webmd.com]

  Although this procedure is considered safe, there are certain risks associated with any surgical procedure. [retinasurgeonsanantonio.com]

  The most common surgical procedures for reattaching a retina are scleral buckling, pneumatic retinopexy and vitrectomy. [swedish.org]

• Vascular Disease

  Balles MW, Puliafito CA, D’Amico DJ, Jacobson JJ, Birngruber R (1990) Semiconductor diode laser photocoagulation in retinal vascular disease. Ophthalmology 97:1553–1561 PubMed Google Scholar 4. [link.springer.com]

  We can also treat Coats disease, and we have two of those coming to the plane this week. Coats disease is a vascular disease of unknown origin, where the blood vessels begin to leak fluid, and can lead to blindness. [cybersight.org]

  Retrieved 2007-06-04. ^ "IU Opt Online CE: Retinal Vascular Disease: Sickle Cell Retinopathy". Archived from the original on 2003-01-11. Retrieved 2007-06-04. Works Goldman, Lee (2011). Goldman's Cecil Medicine (24th ed.). [en.wikipedia.org]

  Choroidal vascular remodeling in central serous chorioretinopathy after Indocyanine green guided photodynamic therapy with verteporfin: A novel treatment at the primary disease level. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:1453-8. 40. [ijo.in]

• Hypertension

  Effectiveness of diode laser trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients following silicone oil-induced ocular hypertension in Chinese eyes. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2011 Jan-Feb. 59(1):64-6. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] development of the disease. [14] Other risk factors include the following: Glaucoma [ citation needed ] AIDS [15] Cataract surgery [16] Diabetic retinopathy [15] [17] Eclampsia [18] Family history of retinal detachment [19] Homocysteinuria [20] Malignant hypertension [en.wikipedia.org]

  I have no history of eye or head trauma, no smoking, no hypertension, and my blood sugar and lipids are normal. The ophthalmologist examined my eyes with mydriatic agent, and could not find the reasons for my problem. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

• Retinal Pigmentation

  Recent experimental research with new laser devices using much shorter pulse duration has shown that photoreceptor damage can be greatly reduced and the retinal pigment epithelium selectively targeted, hence the term selective retinal pigment epithelium [clinicaltrials.gov]

  It is a very high-energy bright light that, when directed and focussed on to a retina, is absorbed by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). [retinadoctor.com.au]

  No retinal complications were observed with the various forms of NRT used, but six patients in two studies with micropulse laser experienced pigmentary changes in the retinal pigment epithelium attributed to excessive laser settings. [journals.lww.com]

  Microfractures within this layer, while enabling migrating cells of various kinds to penetrate into the inner collagenous zone, did not prevent complete regeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). [jamanetwork.com]

  We also work on selective ablation of specific retinal layers, including Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. For selective ablation of RPE, we use rapidly scanning continuous laser providing microsecond exposures. [web.stanford.edu]

• Retinal Scar

  Silicone oil may be used if the retina has been detached for a long time or retinal scarring is present. Laser or freezing treatment is used to seal the retinal tears. [visioneyeinstitute.com.au]

  Trauma and Retinal Scar derekl: I was hit in the eye as a child 30 years ago, resulting in a torn retina and subsequent scar, leaving a large center blind spot. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Since, the temperature rise is insufficient to cause ancillary damage to the surrounding retinal tissue it minimizes scarring to the extent that laser spots are generally undetectable on ophthalmic and angiographic examination. [12] The other development [ijo.in]

• Retinal Lesion

  Marshall J, Mellerio HJ (1968) Histology of retinal lesions produced with Q-switched lasers. Exp Eye Res 7:225–230 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 42. Marshall J, Mellerio HJ (1976) Laser irradiation of retinal tissue. [link.springer.com]

  […] energy and duration constant, the size of the ensuing retinal lesion was governed by the duty cycle. [ijo.in]

• Visual Impairment

  They cause visual impairment when they bleed into the vitreous cavity of the eye (vitreous hemorrhage) or when they cause scar tissue formation which then pulls on and detaches the retina (tractional retinal detachment ). [vision-and-eye-health.com]

  The effect of panretinal laser photocoagulation on visual acuity, visual fields and on subjective visual impairment in preproliferative and early proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1994 Oct. 72(5):570-5. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Visual Impairment

  They cause visual impairment when they bleed into the vitreous cavity of the eye (vitreous hemorrhage) or when they cause scar tissue formation which then pulls on and detaches the retina (tractional retinal detachment ). [vision-and-eye-health.com]

  The effect of panretinal laser photocoagulation on visual acuity, visual fields and on subjective visual impairment in preproliferative and early proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1994 Oct. 72(5):570-5. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Headache

  Patients may experience a pinch at the moment of treatment, and irritation of the eye surface or slight headache afterwards. Some patients will benefit from repeat laser treatments for their condition. [retinacareflorida.com]

  For larger laser treatments such as those given to patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, patients may rarely develop a low-grade headache following the treatment. This is usually best treated with a couple of Tylenol and rest. [retinaldiagnostic.com]

Treatment is helpful at reducing the risk of further loss of vision. Typically, treatment does not result in vision improvement. [retinalmd.com]

[…] and dosimetry control when compared with single shot treatments. [jerrytaneyesurgery.com]

The earlier treatment is given, the better the outcomes. Other treatment options include intravitreal injections and vitrectomy surgery. DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA LASER TREATMENT Diabetic maculopathy is the most common cause of visual loss in diabetes. [vision-and-eye-health.com]

What Is Focal Laser Treatment? This treatment uses a laser to apply small laser burns in the areas of leakage around the macula. [kadrmaseyecare.com]

A repeat treatment is necessary in some patients. Although this treatment shows some promise, it has not yet been proven to be effective in a clinical trial. [njretina.com]

Treatment and prognosis If a retinal tear is diagnosed promptly before it progresses to retinal detachment, the prognosis is extremely good. Retinal tears are typically treated with laser or a freezing procedure ( cryotherapy ). [asrs.org]

Until the early 20th century, the prognosis for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was very poor, and no effective treatments were available. [en.wikipedia.org]

Without knowing more details about your vision, surgery, and nature of detachment, I can’t address your question regarding your visual prognosis. janophelia: I had a detached retina reattached recently. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

CSCR remains an idiopathic disorder without a definitive etiology. Many cases of CSCR resolve after a period of observation without any treatment. [nationalretina.com]

Wolbarsht ML, Landers MB, Stefansson E (1981) Vasodilatation and the etiology of diabetic retinopathy: a new model. Ophthalmic Surg 12:104–107 PubMed Google Scholar 80. [link.springer.com]

The pathophysiology of CSC has, been thought to involve multiple etiologies and mechanisms that ultimately lead to widespread hyperdynamic and hyperpermeable choroidal circulation. [33], [34] The conventional laser treatment debrides the RPE at the site [ijo.in]

Does the management protocol change in cases of unknown etiology? What are the specific indications for surgical intervention? Alex_Yuan,_MD. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

"Epidemiological study of nontraumatic phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment". Ophthalmic Res. 32 (5): 237–39. doi : 10.1159/000055619. PMID 10971186. ^ Li X (2003). [en.wikipedia.org]

The pathophysiology of CSC has, been thought to involve multiple etiologies and mechanisms that ultimately lead to widespread hyperdynamic and hyperpermeable choroidal circulation. [33], [34] The conventional laser treatment debrides the RPE at the site [ijo.in]

This is called pan retinal photocoagulation and is highly effective in preventing severe visual loss due to diabetic retinopathy. [laretinasurgeon.com]

This is called Pan Retinal Photocoagulation and is highly effective in preventing severe visual loss due to recurrent bleeding in the vitreous. [craigfernmd.com]

Laser treatment can often prevent severe vision loss by making these new vessels disappear. [nylasergroup.com]

If, however, the retina has torn but has not yet detached, laser can be done to prevent the retina from detaching. [iowaretina.com]

This can prevent severe visual loss. [eyecairo.net]