Long term adherence to secondary prophylaxis is crucial following all episodes of acute rheumatic fever, including chorea, to prevent recurrence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hemichorea as a presentation of acute rheumatic fever. Chang Gung Med J. 2006;29:612-6. Woo CLF, Liu KT, Young BWY. Acute rheumatic fever presenting with Sydenham’s chorea. HK J Paediatr (new series). 2003;8:198-202. Klawans HL, Brandabur MM. [msjonline.org]

A variable intensity of muscle weakness may be present, leading to inability to sustain a contraction. In clinical forms with predominance of hypotonia (mild chorea) hyperkinesia is attenuated. [doctortipster.com]

Chorea (sydenham's): a neurological disorder characterized by purposeless, rapid, involuntary movements, emotional lability, and muscular weakness. Why: sydenham's chorea is seen in rheumatic fever. [icd10data.com]

Muscular weakness leads to inability to maintain a steady grip. Ask the patient to grip your hand or wrist tightly and maintain it. The fluctuating strength of the grip is called 'milkmaid's grip'. [patient.info]

In some extremely rare cases (less than 2 percent), severe muscle weakness, irritability, or confusion may be profound and affected children may become bedridden, a condition sometimes referred to as paralytic chorea. [rarediseases.org]

Symptoms can appear gradually or all at once, and also may include uncoordinated movements, muscular weakness, stumbling and falling, slurred speech, difficulty concentrating and writing, and emotional instability. [ninds.nih.gov]

As symptoms progress, the person may appear clumsy and drop things or fall frequently. Eventually, the uncontrollable, jerky, and irregular movements develop. Varying degrees of speech impairment are also seen as well as emotional instability. [medicineonline.com]

The antibody titre falls as the disease improves and rises again in relapse [ 12 ]. MRI studies are often normal but MRI spectroscopy may reveal autoimmune damage to the basal nuclei [ 13 ]. [patient.info]

Symptoms can appear gradually or all at once, and also may include uncoordinated movements, muscular weakness, stumbling and falling, slurred speech, difficulty concentrating and writing, and emotional instability. [ninds.nih.gov]

The global burden of disease caused by rheumatic fever currently falls disproportionately on children living in the developing world, especially where poverty is widespread. [pedclerk.uchicago.edu]

Epidemiology• Ages 5-15 yrs are most susceptible• Rare boys• Common in 3rd world countries• Environmental factors-- over crowding, poor sanitation, poverty,• Incidence more during fall ,winter & early spring10/27/2012 5 6. [slideshare.net]

Infection An infectious cause has been suspected and hunted for decades but has never been convincingly or reproducibly proven. [arthritisresearch.us]

A variable intensity of muscle weakness may be present, leading to inability to sustain a contraction. In clinical forms with predominance of hypotonia (mild chorea) hyperkinesia is attenuated. [doctortipster.com]

In some extremely rare cases (less than 2 percent), severe muscle weakness, irritability, or confusion may be profound and affected children may become bedridden, a condition sometimes referred to as paralytic chorea. [rarediseases.org]

Other symptoms of the disorder may include diminished muscle tone, muscle weakness, and emotional and behavioural disturbances, particularly obsessive-compulsive behaviours. [brainfoundation.org.au]

It can also be associated with muscle weakness and emotional outbursts. Because of antibiotics, rheumatic fever is now rare in developed countries. [webmd.com]

Sometimes other effects appear alongside the movements, such as muscle weakness, poor muscle tone and clumsiness. The movements seem to vary in intensity, and the area they affect may change over time. [gosh.nhs.uk]

The symptoms vary in severity, from mild cases in which there is facial grimacing, restlessness and slight incoordination to severe cases where involuntary movements make it impossible for the child to function normally. [brainfoundation.org.au]

Other neurologic symptoms include behavior change, dysarthria, gait disturbance, loss of fine and gross motor control with resultant deterioration of handwriting, headache, slowed cognition, facial grimacing, fidgetiness and hypotonia. [3] [4] Also, there [en.wikipedia.org]

In milder cases of Sydenham's, the patient may have only facial grimacing and some difficulty putting on clothes or doing other tasks that require fine coordination. [encyclopedia.com]

Characteristic findings include fluctuating grip strength (milkmaid’s grip), tongue fasciculations or tongue darting (the tongue cannot protrude without darting in and out), facial grimacing, and explosive speech with or without tongue clucking. [merckmanuals.com]

Therapy with prednisone shortened the duration of rheumatic chorea; some reported recurrences of chorea and had minor neurologic sequelae. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The various clinical signs of rheumatic chorea were scored with MAIMS score (Modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score) which is used for tardive dyskinesia. No other drug for abnormal movements was used. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chorea (sydenham's): a neurological disorder characterized by purposeless, rapid, involuntary movements, emotional lability, and muscular weakness. Why: sydenham's chorea is seen in rheumatic fever. [icd10data.com]

R. 12 y.o, came to our observation for involuntary movements of limbs and trunk. She had no pathological findings on brain NMR, EEG and echocardiography. Blood tests showed high ESR and TAS value, throat swab positive for GAS. [ped-rheum.biomedcentral.com]

Nerve cells in the brain deteriorate, producing sudden, involuntary movements that are jerky and purposeless. These movements gradually become more severe and affect all movement. [medicineonline.com]

It is a quasi purposive, non repetitive involuntary movement. Sydenham’s chorea is often associated with hypotonia and emotional instability. [cardiophile.org]

How: typically, the onset of chorea is gradual, with irritability, uncooperativeness, fits of anger, crying, and inappropriate behavior present before the choreiform movements are noted. [icd10data.com]

Irritability, anxiety, and emotional instability, chiefly episodes of crying initiated by trivial incidents, are also common symptoms. [britannica.com]

In some extremely rare cases (less than 2 percent), severe muscle weakness, irritability, or confusion may be profound and affected children may become bedridden, a condition sometimes referred to as paralytic chorea. [rarediseases.org]

This may make some children feel irritable or angry. They may also have mood swings. How is Sydenham's chorea diagnosed? Sydenham's chorea is often diagnosed by asking questions, examining the child and hearing how the condition happened. [gosh.nhs.uk]

Ataxia Ataxia is unsteady movements or inability to control movements and typically is caused by cerebellar dysfunction from irritation or disruption of cerebellar tracts. Loss of peripheral sensory input can also cause ataxia. [pediatrics.emory.edu]

Among 33 patients seen at a median of 10.3 years (range 6.3-14.9 years) after their initial bout of chorea, 20% reported residual tremor or mood swings. Ten of the 33 (30%) had one or more recurrences of chorea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Tremors are a type of dyskinesia. Nerve diseases cause many movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Other causes include injuries, autoimmune diseases, infections and certain medicines. [icdlist.com]

Tremor Tremor is a regular osillatory movement of the extremities related to posture or activity. [pediatrics.emory.edu]

Thyrotoxicosis: Tremor, tachycardia, lidlag and goitre (may be present) 6. Drugs: Take a complete drug history [epomedicine.com]

Familial benign chorea with intention tremor: a clinical entity. J Pediatr. 1967 May. 70(5):724-9. [Medline]. Poewe WH, Kleedorfer B, Willeit J, Gerstenbrand F. [emedicine.medscape.com]

In addition to choreic movements, individuals with Sydenham chorea may develop muscle weakness, slurred speech (dysarthria), diminished muscle tone (hypotonia), tics, obsessions, compulsions, inattention, anxiety, labile mood, and decreased verbal output [rarediseases.org]

Dysarthria, dyskinesias, and milk maid grasp. Chorea will suppress with haloperidol. [pediatrics.emory.edu]

Dysarthria is frequent, and patients may present with a reduction of verbal frequency (“disinclination to speak”). [clinicaladvisor.com]

Other neurologic symptoms include behavior change, dysarthria, gait disturbance, loss of fine and gross motor control with resultant deterioration of handwriting, headache, slowed cognition, facial grimacing, fidgetiness and hypotonia. [3] [4] Also, there [en.wikipedia.org]

Associated features may include delayed motor development, dysarthria, intention tremor, athetosis, and hypotonia. Severity is highly variable but choreic movements are typically continuous and not episodic. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Rheumatoid arthritis has been known to be associated with HLA tissue types since the 1970s, with the risk of RA increased fourfold in individuals with the HLA-DR4 tissue type (new nomenclature HLA-DRB1 0401, 0402, and so on, for the different variants [arthritisresearch.us]