In the present paper, a case of rhinoscleroma presenting with symptoms of upper airway obstruction is described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The present case was reported as the presentation was with a mass lesion in the right upper lip and philtrum causing nasal obstruction in a 30 year old man. The lesion clinically simulated a malignant lesion. [omicsonline.org]

We present a case of Rhinoscleroma with typical Hebra nose. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

We reported four cases of atypical presentation among patients presented to (Fayoum university hospitals) in the form of: 1. A large vocal fold polyp with normal subglottis( the most common site for laryngeal affection) and free nasal cavity. 2. [egms.de]

• Swelling

  The swelling started as a small nodule over the tip of the nose and gradually increased in size. The patient had applied some native treatment on the swelling. The swelling occupied the entire area described. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

  Keywords: Chronic granulomatous inflammation, palatal swellings, rhinoscleroma How to cite this article: Mandale MS, Bhavthankar JD, Humbe JG, Kaorey NN. Rhinoscleroma: Report of an erratic palatal swelling. [contempclindent.org]

  Figure 1 :(a and b) Preoperative views of the patient, showing the swelling both internally and externally Click here to view Because the complaint of the patient was nasal disfigurement, and the nature of the swelling was not known, medical treatment [ijps.org]

  Ten percent of rhinoscleroma patients present with upper lip swelling as initial presentation.[19] In our case, patient initially manifested with swelling of both lips without any preceding nasal lesion. [idoj.in]

• Asymptomatic

  The patient was treated with gemifloxacin and tetracycline and remains asymptomatic over a year follow-up period. It is important to consider rhinoscleroma in cases of chronic nasal obstruction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Cerebrovascular disease in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with sickle cell anemia: screening with duplex transcranial Doppler US — correlation with MR imaging and MR angiography. Radiology 1993; 189:457-466. ‎ [books.google.de]

• Surgical Procedure

  Surgical procedures performed were removal of nasal granulations, bronchoscopic dilatation, bipolar coagulation of skin lesions, tracheostomy, and repair of pharyngeal stenosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  All patients gave their consent to participate in this study and for the surgical procedures and the study design was approved by the local ethical committee. [ejo.eg.net]

  He also reported that he had a surgical procedure at initial presentation in which his “nostrils were scraped” and subsequently was put on antibiotics for 6 months (patient unaware of the name of the antibiotics he received). [hindawi.com]

  Surgical procedures must be postponed until no residual disease activity is evident in the tissues to be debrided; otherwise there is high risk of relapse or iatrogenic dissemination22. Carbon dioxide surgical laser showed to be of value27. [scielo.br]

• Chronic Infection

  Rhinoscleroma is a chronic infection of the upper airway, in which hard stony growths develop, sometimes leading to marked deformity. [nmihi.com]

  Rhinoscleroma has a close histopathological resemblance to donovanosis, leishmaniasis and other chronic granulomatous infections. [4] Plasma cell infiltration and Russell bodies may also be seen in chronic infections like treponematosis, cutaneous amebiasis [ijdvl.com]

  infection of the nasal cavities]. 61 Kallel S...Ghorbel AM 31448004 2018 10 [Rhinoscleroma of the cavum with expression in cervical lymph nodes: about a case]. 61 Lassikri O...Essakalli L 30364372 2018 11 Rhinoscleroma: a chronic infectious disease of [malacards.org]

• Pallor

  GENERAL EXAMINATION GC- mod Afebrile P-74/min BP- 120/80 mmHg No pallor/clubbing/cyanosis/icterus/edema Cervical lymphadenopathy 5. [pt.slideshare.net]

  General examination findings were unremarkable except mild pallor. There was no lymphadenopathy. He denied of any weight loss or night sweats. [omicsonline.org]

• Rhinorrhea

  After this period the patient reported an overall improvement in LNN, but rhinorrhea of the RNN, remained blocked. Treatment continued for four more months, with total rhinorrhea resolution and permanent obstruction of RNN. [scielo.sa.cr]

  The rhinitic or catarrhal stage is characterized by rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. The discharge is typically fetid and purulent. [visualdx.com]

• Dyspnea

  Dyspnea is a fairly common complaint during pregnancy. However, if one excludes allergic nasal congestion of pregnancy, upper airway obstruction is a distinctly uncommon cause of dyspnea in the pregnant patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The patient presented to the emergency room with dyspnea from a long-standing nasal-palatal mass. A tracheostomy was required for airway control. [f1000research.com]

  Rhinoscleroma in a young adult with chronic rhinitis and dyspnea. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 101 (2008), pp. 335-336 [14.] T.V. Chan, J.H. Spiegel. Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis of the membranous nasal septum. [elsevier.es]

  She denied vocal alterations or dyspnea. She reported that 2 years ago she underwent unsuccessful nasal surgery for synechia resection. At that time, no biopsy was performed. [arquivosdeorl.org.br]

• Respiratory Distress

  There may be subglottic stenosis with respiratory distress [6]. Rhinoscleroma spreads from person-to-person by air-borne transmission. The pathogenesis of rhinoscleroma is still unclear. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

  The third time, the patient presented with respiratory distress that warranted an immediate tracheostomy. [joacp.org]

  In literature review of respiratory tract scleroma, a case of scleroma presenting as an upper tracheal mass causing stridor and respiratory distress was described, The patient was managed with urgent resection and an eight week course of oral ciprofloxacin [jemds.com]

  The sixth patient was a pregnant woman who arrived to the emergency service with cyanosis and acute respiratory distress, due to laryngeal obstruction, and that needed an emergency tracheostomy. [scielo.br]

• Epistaxis

  We report the case of a 5-year-old Portuguese boy diagnosed with rhinoscleroma in the context of recurrent epistaxis. He had a 6-month course of antibiotic (amoxicillin plus clavulanate) therapy with full recovery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  He had a 3-year history of nasal obstruction, episodes of facial inflammation, epistaxis, fetid rhinorrhea, hearing loss in the right ear, bilateral axillary and multiple facial bilateral lymphadenopathies. [scielo.sa.cr]

• Gram-Positive Bacteria

  These groups are thought of as lineages, with gram-negative bacteria more closely related to one another than to gram-positive bacteria. While this is true, the classification system breaks down in some cases. [wikivisually.com]

On follow up, his airway symptoms gradually improved over last 3 months of treatment with complete remission of mass lesion. Given the significant clinical improvement, the patient chose not to undergo further surgical treatment. [omicsonline.org]

Lines of treatment are unsatisfactory and a tendency for recurrence is the rule. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

complications and prognosis in the news Blogs on Rhinoscleroma natural history, complications and prognosis Directions to Hospitals Treating Rhinoscleroma Risk calculators and risk factors for Rhinoscleroma natural history, complications and prognosis [wikidoc.org]

Treatment and prognosis The patient was referred to the department of Ear–Nose–Throat surgery for further treatment. [contempclindent.org]

The nasal lymphoma of histologic type T has a worse prognosis than those of B. The patient presented with non-Hodgkin lymphoma of cells T with paranasal extension, a more aggressive type with fast evolution. [arquivosdeorl.org.br]

Because identification of the etiologic agent is crucial for the definitive diagnosis of the disease, the aim of this study was to develop two simple PCR assays. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The patient was treated with oral ciprofloxacin therapy for seven months, after which the patient was considered cured from the etiological point of view. [scielo.sa.cr]

Rhinoscleroma is not a common disease in the United States, but its study is of interest, since it is a serious progressive infection of disputed etiology. [jamanetwork.com]

They may vary in their etiology from numerous infectious and noninfectious causes to a wide array of neoplasms. Accurate diagnosis of such lesions is vital for their prompt and precise management. [contempclindent.org]

The epidemiology, clinical features, pathology and diagnosis of scleroma are reviewed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

For patient information, click here Rhinoscleroma Microchapters Home Patient Information Overview Historical Perspective Pathophysiology Causes Differentiating Rhinoscleroma from other Diseases Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Natural History [wikidoc.org]

Current status of leprosy: Epidemiology, basic science and clinical perspectives. J Dermatol. 2012; 39 (2):121-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01370.x. [PubMed: 21973237 ]. 3. Gupta L, Zanwar A, Wakhlu A, Agarwal V. [archcid.com]

Impaired cellular immunity and reversal of CD4:CD8 ratio are common pathophysiological findings in both leprosy and rhinoscleroma (5). [archcid.com]

However, very little is known about the pathophysiological processes underlying rhinoscleroma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

For patient information, click here Rhinoscleroma Microchapters Home Patient Information Overview Historical Perspective Pathophysiology Causes Differentiating Rhinoscleroma from other Diseases Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Natural History [wikidoc.org]

Improvements in living conditions, hygiene, and health standards are essential prerequisites for its control and prevention. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] other Diseases Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Natural History, Complications and Prognosis Diagnosis History and Symptoms Physical Examination Laboratory Findings Imaging Findings Other Diagnostic Studies Treatment Medical Therapy Surgery Prevention [wikidoc.org]

Antibiotics are generally required for months to years to prevent recurrent infection. When granulomatous lesions or scarring are present, surgery is often required. [dermnetnz.org]

However, early diagnosis is essential to prevent long-term complications, as seen in some of our patients. Cultures should be obtained, as biopsies may be negative for typical pathologic findings. [idsa.confex.com]