Ethmoidal sinuses are the most complex of the sinuses and they are present at birth and attain adult size by the age of 12 years. 2.2. [intechopen.com]

Rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases present in patients with antibody deficiency. [worldallergy.org]

If a common intervention group was present, we planned to split the sample size and mark this on the data extraction sheet. [cochranelibrary.com]

Cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, Young's syndrome, and α-1 antitrypsin deficiency are diseases in which bronchiectasis and rhinosinusitis are both present. [archbronconeumol.org]

• Fatigue

  Additional signs associated with ABRS can include fever, fatigue, hyposmia, ear fullness or pressure. Physical examination: A head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat examination should be done. Pulmonary evaluation may also be needed. [worldallergy.org]

  Side effects The side effects described in the trials were nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, stomach pain, diarrhoea, skin rash, dizziness, fatigue, hot flushes, jittery feeling, dry mouth, headache, epistaxis, and vaginal discharge or pruritus. [cochranelibrary.com]

• Fever

  Fever may or may not be present. Attention should be paid to the periorbital and cheek areas of the face to look for cellulitis or extra sinus involvement. Culture from the nasal cavity is not useful. [worldallergy.org]

  Implications for research Despite the availability of several studies and meta‐analyses, there is still insufficient clinical data to enable subgroup analysis of people who probably could benefit more from antibiotics, for example people with high fever [cochranelibrary.com]

• Chronic Infection

  Biofilms overlying the adenoid pad may prevent antibiotic therapy from clearing the infection. Adenoidectomy surgically removes this reservoir for chronic infection [ 17 ]. [intechopen.com]

• Cough

  Symptoms: Symptoms suggestive of ARS include nasal congestion or obstruction, facial or dental pain, purulent rhinorrhea, post nasal drainage, headache and cough. [worldallergy.org]

  One study prescribed cough syrup (dextromethorphan hydrobromide or guaifenesin) for all participants (Garbutt 2012). [cochranelibrary.com]

• Hyposmia

  Additional signs associated with ABRS can include fever, fatigue, hyposmia, ear fullness or pressure. Physical examination: A head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat examination should be done. Pulmonary evaluation may also be needed. [worldallergy.org]

• Flushing

  Side effects The side effects described in the trials were nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, stomach pain, diarrhoea, skin rash, dizziness, fatigue, hot flushes, jittery feeling, dry mouth, headache, epistaxis, and vaginal discharge or pruritus. [cochranelibrary.com]

• Confusion

  This would be clear for any clinician and avoids confusion. Figures and Tables - Figure 1 Study flow diagram. [cochranelibrary.com]

Associated disorders that predispose patients to chronic sinusitis are discussed, as well as the diagnostic evaluation that should be performed in the workup of these patients. The role of systemic and topical therapies is also reviewed. [de.coursera.org]

• Pseudomonas

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Burkholderia cepacia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are bacteria which commonly cause infection and inflammation (Brook 2016; Ramsey 1992). [cochranelibrary.com]

+ quiz) Week 3 - Module 2: Acute Rhinosinusitis: Diagnosis and Treatment (17 min. + quiz) Week 4 - Module 3: Chronic Rhinoinusitis: Diagnosis and Treatment (18 min. + quiz) Week 5 - Module 4: The Role of Surgery for Sinusitis and Activity Evaluation [de.coursera.org]

We planned to include comparisons of combinations of the treatments listed above. Concurrent treatments were allowed if they are used in both treatment arms. [cochranelibrary.com]

The effects of treatment with antibiotics, laser and acupuncture upon chronic maxillary sinusitis in children. Am J Chin Med, 1982;10(1-40):55-8. 23. Yarnell E, Abascal K, Hooper CG. [passeportsante.net]

Testing for allergy and immune function: Allergy testing allows identification and treatment of allergic rhinitis that often coexists with and may modify CRS. [worldallergy.org]

ARS is further classified based on duration and presumed etiology as Viral rhinosinusitis (VRS) Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS) consists of 3 or more episodes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) in a year [worldallergy.org]

Epidemiology and burden of nasal congestion. Stewart M, Ferguson B, Fromer L. Int J Gen Med. 2010 Apr 8;3:37-45. 28. De la rhinite allergique aux pathologies sinusiennes (sinusite/polypose) : les liens épidémiologiques et expérimentaux. P. Demoly. [passeportsante.net]

The pathophysiology of mucostasis (a mass of thick mucus over the mucosa which cannot be pushed away by cilia), infection and inflammation is the same for upper and lower airway. [cochranelibrary.com]

Biofilms overlying the adenoid pad may prevent antibiotic therapy from clearing the infection. Adenoidectomy surgically removes this reservoir for chronic infection [ 17 ]. [intechopen.com]