Written in a clear and accessible style and now for the first time presented in colour throughout, this book enables the user to manage a patient in an ICU setting effectively without recourse to large text/reference works or specialized monographs. [books.google.de]

A new study presented February 7 at the American Society for Microbiology’s Biothreats meeting reveals a ricin antidote that, in mice, works even days after exposure to the toxin. [sciencenews.org]

The rapid tests indicate whether components of the castor bean are present in the environmental sample and whether ricin toxin is present. If both yield a "positive" result, then the presence of ricin can be confirmed. [news.nationalgeographic.com]

• Anemia

  Abstract Full text PDF Abstract letters Skull metastasis from hepatocellular carcınoma with hepatitis C Fatih Ermis, Memduh Dursun, Ramazan Kurt, and Filiz Akyuz pp. 321–322 https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2012.321 Full text PDF Fever of unknown origin, anemia [annsaudimed.net]

• Cough

  In survivors, fever may persist up to 5 days and cough for 4 wk. Specialized toxin assays may help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is supportive. [merckmanuals.com]

  All exposures typically develop fever, coughing and gastrointestinal complications. [globalsecurity.org]

  Inhaling ricin causes coughing, pulmonary oedema and death. If ingested, it causes gastroenteritis, liver and kidney damage and death from circulatory failure. There is no antidote. Data acquisizione: 12 giugno 2013 [alamy.it]

  Symptoms of ricin poisoning can include anything from difficulty breathing, fever, cough, nausea and sweating to severe vomiting and dehydration. "We did have enough ricin to be of concern," said Capt. [cnn.com]

  Fever, chest tightness, cough, nausea, and joint pain may occur. Ricin can cause cell death in the respiratory system and eventual respiratory failure. [science.jrank.org]

• Tachypnea

  Parenteral exposure results in fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, hepatitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, myocardial injury, cerebral edema, vomiting, diarrhea, and bone marrow suppression. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

• Vomiting

  Symptoms of injection with ricin include: Pain and swelling at the injection site Flulike symptoms Nausea Vomiting Body aches. As time passes, symptoms become more severe, and a life-threatening syndrome can develop. [webmd.com]

  If the dose was sufficient and the disease has progressed, vomiting blood or passing bloody diarrhea or dark-colored tarry stools may occur. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Gastric ingestion of ricin causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and dehydration. [ehs.unc.edu]

  As with wound botulism, neurologic symptoms (typically bilaterally symmetrical descending paralysis with mydriasis) without nausea, vomiting, cramping, or diarrhea would be expected 12 to 36 h (range 2 h to 8 days) after exposure. [merckmanuals.com]

  All reported serious or fatal cases of castor bean ingestion have taken approximately the same course: rapid onset of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and severe diarrhea with vascular collapse. [globalsecurity.org]

• Nausea

  Fever, chest tightness, cough, nausea, and joint pain may occur. Ricin can cause cell death in the respiratory system and eventual respiratory failure. [science.jrank.org]

  All reported serious or fatal cases of castor bean ingestion have taken approximately the same course: rapid onset of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and severe diarrhea with vascular collapse. [globalsecurity.org]

  As with wound botulism, neurologic symptoms (typically bilaterally symmetrical descending paralysis with mydriasis) without nausea, vomiting, cramping, or diarrhea would be expected 12 to 36 h (range 2 h to 8 days) after exposure. [merckmanuals.com]

  Nausea, cough and breathing difficulties occur as well. In severe cases of poisoning death soon occurs usually as a result of respiratory or circulatory failure. [ic.steadyhealth.com]

• Diarrhea

  As with wound botulism, neurologic symptoms (typically bilaterally symmetrical descending paralysis with mydriasis) without nausea, vomiting, cramping, or diarrhea would be expected 12 to 36 h (range 2 h to 8 days) after exposure. [merckmanuals.com]

  All reported serious or fatal cases of castor bean ingestion have taken approximately the same course: rapid onset of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and severe diarrhea with vascular collapse. [globalsecurity.org]

  It may cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Eventual complications include cell death in the liver, kidney, adrenal glands, and central nervous system. [science.jrank.org]

  A possible clue to an attack involving ricin inhalation would be that a number of people who had been close to each other suddenly developed fever, diarrhea, cough, and excess fluid in their lungs. [www1.nyc.gov]

  If eaten, ricin causes vomiting and diarrhea, which become bloody and might lead to seizures until the kidneys, liver or spleen gives out and within several days the person is dead. And worst of all, there isn’t an approved antidote yet. [motherboard.vice.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  It may cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Eventual complications include cell death in the liver, kidney, adrenal glands, and central nervous system. [science.jrank.org]

  Ricin-related symptoms include fever and nausea, which progresses to severe abdominal pains and fits. Victims die from multiple organ failure and there is no known antidote or vaccine. [theguardian.com]

  If ricin is ingested, initial symptoms include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. The symptoms of ricin poisoning are likely to rapidly progress over 12-24 hours to include problems such as severe dehydration, as well as kidney and liver problems. [city.milwaukee.gov]

• Abdominal Cramps

  All reported serious or fatal cases of castor bean ingestion have taken approximately the same course: rapid onset of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and severe diarrhea with vascular collapse. [globalsecurity.org]

  Gastric ingestion of ricin causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and dehydration. [ehs.unc.edu]

• Cyanosis

  70 micrograms ( a grain of salt ) Inhalation toxicity of ricin Aerosol poisoning LD50 is 3 mcg / kg Ricin inhalation symptoms Within 8 hours Acute nasal and throat congestion Pulmonary edema Cyanosis Hypotension Ricin inhalation symptoms Within 36-72 [quizlet.com]

  In severe cases, these symptoms develop: convulsions; cyanosis; collapse (a sharp drop in blood pressure); prostration. [en.intoxication-stop.com]

  Patients may experience heavy sweating and pulmonary edema resulting in cyanosis. Low blood pressure and respiratory failure may occur, leading to death. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

• Sweating

  Heavy sweating may follow as well as fluid building up in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This would make breathing even more difficult, and the skin might turn blue. [globalsecurity.org]

  • Heavy sweating may follow as well as fluid building up in the lungs (pulmonary edema). • This would make breathing even more difficult, and the skin might turn blue. • Excess fluid in the lungs would be diagnosed by x-ray or by listening to the chest [people.uwec.edu]

  Fever and excessive sweating would be likely. Low blood pressure and respiratory failure could lead to death. Ingestion Eating or drinking ricin would produce cramping, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea leading to extreme dehydration. [thoughtco.com]

  Inhalation can lead to fever, sweating and difficulty breathing. It's hard to absorb the toxin through the skin. Are there any treatments? There is currently no antidote for ricin poisoning. Doctors treat people for their symptoms. [npr.org]

• Seizure

  Dehydration, hallucination, seizures and blood in the urine may result. Death typically occurs on the third day or later after possible liver, spleen or kidney failure. [globalsecurity.org]

  This could include ventilation to help breathing, giving fluids to help stave off dehydration, and giving medication to stop seizures and raise blood pressure. [businessinsider.com]

  Depending on how a victim was exposed, they could receive breathing assistance, intravenous fluids to combat dehydration, or anti-seizure or blood pressure medication. [thedailybeast.com]

  Exposure leads to seizures, cardiac arrest, and death within minutes. 7. Mercury (inhaled) Low levels of mercury are not especially toxic to adults. [wired.com]

  If eaten, ricin causes vomiting and diarrhea, which become bloody and might lead to seizures until the kidneys, liver or spleen gives out and within several days the person is dead. And worst of all, there isn’t an approved antidote yet. [motherboard.vice.com]

• Convulsions

  In severe cases, these symptoms develop: convulsions; cyanosis; collapse (a sharp drop in blood pressure); prostration. [en.intoxication-stop.com]

Information on management and treatment of conditions is balanced by pathophysiological and pharmacological background. This is not just a "cook book" of procedures. [books.google.de]

What treatment is to be provided? Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. No antidote is available for the treatment of ricin poisoning. Patients with symptoms should be admitted. [irishhealth.com]

There are no guidelines regarding the treatment of ricin poisoning during pregnancy. Owing to the severity of complications associated with ricin exposure, treatment of the pregnant patient should be the same as for the non-pregnant patient. [medicinesinpregnancy.org]

Severe bleeding leads to shock, a life-threatening complication that requires prompt and aggressive treatment. [ic.steadyhealth.com]

Treatment for dermal exposure includes decontamination using soap and water or a hypochlorite ( bleach ) solution, which deactivates Ricin. In case of aerosol inhalation, treatment is the administration of oxygen, intubation, and ventilation. [science.jrank.org]

Prognosis If death occurs it is usually within 36-72 hours of exposure. If the victim survives 5 days, death is unlikely. [patient.info]

Future: Prognosis Other diagnoses Differential diagnosis Additional or combination diagnoses Synergism Combined effects of multiple exposures VII. [fpnotebook.com]

Al-Saif pp. 283–287 https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2012.283 Abstract Full text PDF Abstract Epidemiological, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of Saudi patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a hospital-based study Waleed Al-hamoudi [annsaudimed.net]

Information on management and treatment of conditions is balanced by pathophysiological and pharmacological background. This is not just a "cook book" of procedures. [books.google.de]

Although it has been used as a means of assassinating individuals, this would make it difficult to use as an agent of mass warfare. [ 2 ] Pathophysiology Ricin is a toxalbumin that can be extracted from the seeds of the plant. [patient.info]

When people do use it as poison, ricin can be delivered as a “powder, a mist, or a pellet, or it can be dissolved in water or weak acid,” the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s website explains. [newsweek.com]

Prevention The only effective prevention against the effects of an attack with ricin is avoidance; unfortunately, no antidote or vaccine exists. Currently, studies are ongoing to find possible vaccines and ricin inhibitors. [webmd.com]

All About Poisoning • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [cnn.com]