The limited number and weak reactivity of linear peptide epitopes observed with human and rabbit sera, possibly due to a lack of the methylated amino acids which are present in rickettsia-derived SPA, suggest that the present approach will not provide [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hence, it must be presumed that people infected with the human body louse are present in Italy. [unboundmedicine.com]

Cough is frequent, and pneumonia may also be present. Mental status changes and clouding, from which the disease gets its name-typhus is the Greek word for cloud-portend a poor prognosis. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

• Prisoner of War

  In 1915 they both became infected while working in a prison hospital in Germany, facing an outbreak of epidemic typhus among the Russian prisoners of war. Prowazek died on February 17, 1915. [whonamedit.com]

• Disability

  R. prowazekii infection seldom disables the host machinery completely. The host mechanisms to contain Rickettsia prowazekii are like other rickettsial infections. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cutaneous Manifestation

  Cutaneous manifestations include rash and eschar, which both occur at varying incidence… Publisher Full Text linkinghub.elsevier.comjournals.elsevierhealth.comPMC Free Full TextPMC Free PDF Rickettsioses: Cutaneous findings frequently lead to diagnosis [unboundmedicine.com]

• Skin Eschar

  Rickettsial diseases are widely distributed throughout the world and are characterized by sudden onset of acute fever, skin eschars, headache, and, in cases of the fulminant disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation that leads to failure of the [jb.asm.org]

• Hyponatremia

  In response to hypovolemia, secretion of antidiuretic hormone causes hyponatremia. Increased vascular permeability in the pulmonary circulation causes noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Thus, a picture of severe multi-organ system failure unfolds. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Bordetella Pertussis

  pertussis/Bordetella parapertussis Pertussis γ Enterobacteriales (OX−) Lac+ Klebsiella pneumoniae Rhinoscleroma, Pneumonia Klebsiella granulomatis Granuloma inguinale Klebsiella oxytoca Escherichia coli: Enterotoxigenic Enteroinvasive Enterohemorrhagic [en.wikipedia.org]

• Legionella Pneumophila

  In addition they did not react with Neorickettsia risticii, N. sennetsu, Franciscella persica, Bartonella quintana, Legionella pneumophila, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  pneumophila/Legionella longbeachae Legionnaires' disease Coxiella burnetii Q fever Thiotrichales Francisella tularensis Tularemia Vibrionaceae Vibrio cholerae Cholera Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio alginolyticus Plesiomonas shigelloides [en.wikipedia.org]

• Bartonella Henselae

  Abstract Within the alpha subdivision of proteobacteria, the arthropod-borne human pathogens Rickettsia prowazekii and Bartonella henselae provide examples of bacteria with obligate and facultative intracellular life styles, respectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A dictionary of medical eponyms Related eponyms Bartonella henselae Councilman's bodies Brazilian physician, pathologist and infectologist, born November 24, 1879, Rio de Janeiro; died April 12, 1956. [whonamedit.com]

  henselae Cat-scratch disease Bartonella quintana Trench fever Either B. henselae or B. quintana Bacillary angiomatosis Bartonella bacilliformis Carrion's disease, Verruga peruana β Neisseriales M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus Meningococcal disease [en.wikipedia.org]

• Complement Fixing Antibody

  The titres of complement-fixing antibodies in the sera of patients with Brill's disease with the antigen of R. mooseri were lower than the titres with the homologous antigen within the range of 1-2 twofold dilutions of the serum. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment / Management Primary treatment of epidemic typhus is doxycycline 100 mg by mouth twice daily until the patient improves and has been afebrile for 24 to 48 hours. The total duration of treatment is typically between seven and ten days. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prophylactic treatment with doxycycline can be used in exposed individuals. A vaccine is not currently available, though many have been tested in the past without much reduction in incidence of disease. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

The disease can be severe with a mortality of up to 60% without antibiotic treatment. But this can be reduced to below 5% with antibiotic and supportive treatment [1]. [ecdc.europa.eu]

[…] severe headache, sustained high fever, cough, severe muscle pains, chills, sensitivity to light, delirium, red rash on 5th day spreads from chest to extremities May recur years later (Brill-Zinsser) & make infectious to lice; can be fatal Insecticide treatment [quizlet.com]

Mental status changes and clouding, from which the disease gets its name-typhus is the Greek word for cloud-portend a poor prognosis. These symptoms may include restlessness, delirium, twitching, and hallucinations. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

Gray You can also search for this author in Further reading Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with low mitochondrial copy number has mesenchymal and stem-like characteristics, and contributes to poor prognosis Yasunori Masuike, Koji Tanaka, Tomoki Makino [nature.com]

Abstract Rickettsia prowazekii, the etiologic agent for epidemic typhus, and Borrelia recurrentis, the etiologic agent of relapsing fever, both utilize the same vector, the human body louse (Pediculus humanus), to transmit human disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Engelsk definition A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus fever acquired through contact with lice ( TYPHUS, EPIDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE ) as well as Brill's disease. [mesh.kib.ki.se]

Abstract Rickettsia prowazekii, the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, is a potential biological threat agent. Lysine methylation of OmpB (outer membrane protein) of Rickettsia correlates with the bacterial virulence. [fasebj.org]

History of epidemiological exposure is very important for diagnosis. The incubation period is one to two weeks, with most infections becoming evident after ten to fourteen days. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] www.pubmed.gov Multispacer typing of Rickettsia prowazekii enabling epidemiological studies of epidemic typhus. Zhu Y, Fournier PE, Ogata H, Raoult D. [headlice.org]

The importance for human epidemiology is expected to be limited. Late relapse of epidemic typhus (Brill–Zinsser disease) might be the source of a re-emerging outbreak. [ecdc.europa.eu]

Natural Modes of Infection The epidemiology of rickettsial infections reflects the prevalence of rickettsiae in the vector population and the interactions of arthropod vectors with humans. [ehs.unc.edu]

In fact, BZD presents with milder symptoms and is rarely fatal. [7][8] Pathophysiology The human body louse is only a vector and not a reservoir because infected lice die five to seven days after they become infected with R. prowazekii. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Rickettsia prowazekii, the etiologic agent of louse-borne typhus, is listed as a category B agent under the select agent list of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The infection is also thought to have thwarted Napoleon's invasion of Russia by creating a burden of disease among the troops so high as to prevent them from mounting a successful campaign. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

Prevention Exclusion of people with rickettsial infections from childcare, preschool, school and work is not necessary. There is no vaccine available to prevent infection. [sahealth.sa.gov.au]

Rickettsia prowazekii treatment Tetracyclines tetracycline doxycycline Alternative: chloramphenicol List of antibiotics Rickettsia prowazekii vaccination Infection can also be prevented by vaccination.Vaccine developed by Herald R. [bacteria.cz]