Presentation
Abstract The present study evaluated rickettsial infection in Amblyomma spp. ticks collected in a farm in Coronel Pacheco, a Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) endemic area. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The present study evaluated rickettsial infection in Amblyomma spp. ticks collected in a farm in Coronel Pacheco, a Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) endemic area. [scielo.br]
Entire Body System
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Asymptomatic
The nurse rabbit of uninfected lice remained asymptomatic and seronegative. Those rabbits used to feed infected lice developed bacteremia and seroconverted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Rickettsia rickettsii infections can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic or mild febrile illness to overwhelming and fatal disease [1-6]. [scielo.br]
A cluster of tick-borne infections: association with military training and asymptomatic infections due to Rickettsia rickettsii. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992;86321- 325Google ScholarCrossref 13. Yevich SJSanchez JLDeFraites RF et al. [jamanetwork.com]
During the summer of 2001, French United Nations troops in Kosovo collected ticks on asymptomatic soldiers and dogs in the Morina region. [doi.org]
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Sepsis
Brazilian practitioners should be aware of the possibility of Brazilian spotted fever as a cause of fulminant primary sepsis with ARDS; improved laboratory methods are necessary for the rapid diagnosis of such cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Respiratoric
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Respiratory Distress
We report a probable case of atypical fulminant Brazilian spotted fever that presented full-blown septic shock associated with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and delayed uncharacteristic rash with an over four-fold increase in reciprocal IgM [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit where a new chest x ray showed extensive bilateral alveolointerstitial infiltrate (Figure 1-A), compatible with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). [scielo.br]
Severe cases, including those of patients with encephalitis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, multiorgan failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, have been reported ( 9, 158, 159, 161 ). [doi.org]
Skin
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Skin Lesion
RESULTS: The multiplex PCR assay was specific at discriminating each species from FFPE controls of unrelated bacterial, viral, protozoan, and fungal pathogens that cause skin lesions, as well as other closely related spotted fever group Rickettsia species [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Neurologic
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Meningism
Failure to receive antibiotic therapy, especially during the initial stages of the disease, may lead to end-organ failure (heart, kidney, lungs) meningitis, brain damage, shock, and even death. [en.wikipedia.org]
Fatal rickettsial meningitis in Hong Kong: a need for rapid laboratory diagnosis. Scand J Infect Dis 1995;27:527-8. [ Links ] 13. Childs J., Shope R.E., Fish D., et al. Emerging Zoonosis Emerg Infect Dis 1998;4:453-4. [ Links ] 14. [scielo.br]
Epidemic typhus meningitis in the southwestern United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 32 : 979 -982. 194. Masters, E. J., G. S. Olson, S. J. Weiner, and C. D. Paddock. 2003. Rocky mountain spotted fever—a clinician's dilemma. Arch. Intern. [doi.org]
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Convulsions
The patient had fever, erythematous rash, abdominal pain, and severe central nervous system involvement with convulsive crisis. The diagnosis of R. rickettsii infection was established by immunohistochemistry and specific polymerase chain reaction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
RMSF may result in various neurological manifestations, including deafness, convulsions, and hemiplegia. [doi.org]
Workup
Microbiology
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Leptospira Interrogans
Abstract Five serovars of Leptospira interrogans, Leptospira biflexa, Leptonema illini, and Rickettsia rickettsii were examined and found not to contain the 39-kDa antigen (P39) of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Lo M, Bulach DM, Powell DR, Haake DA, Matsunaga J, et al. (2006) Effects of temperature on gene expression patterns in Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai as assessed by whole-genome microarrays. Infect Immun 74: 5848–5859. [journals.plos.org]
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Bartonella Henselae
We describe a serosurvey for Rickettsia rickettsii, R. typhi, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella henselae, B. quintana, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis in 437 healthy people from a Brazilian rural community. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae, and Coxiella burnetii. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:2270-4. [ Links ] 35. Maurin M., Eb F., Etienne J., Raoult D. [scielo.br]
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Neorickettsia Sennetsu
Neorickettsia sennetsu (Misao and Kobayashi 1956) Dumler et al. 2001, comb. nov. Rickettsia sibirica Zdrodovskii 1948, species. Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms ) 246 ATCC VR-151. [bacterio.net]
Other Pathologies
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Lymphocytic Infiltrate
RR was easily visualized within cytoplasm and nuclei of endothelial cells in association with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates and less frequently with vasculitis or non-inflamed vasculature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
However, under all treatment conditions, a significant number of rickettsiae could be detected microscopically. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
Identification of specific etiology is important for appropriate treatment in order to optimize prognosis. [n.neurology.org]
Predictors of prognosis and risk of acute renal failure in patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 1996. [qmrawiki.canr.msu.edu]
Etiology
The present study confirms for the first time R. rickettsii as the etiological agent of a lethal spotted fever group rickettsiosis in human patients from Espírito Santo state. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Identification of specific etiology is important for appropriate treatment in order to optimize prognosis. [n.neurology.org]
Epidemiology
Abstract Rickettsial diseases except those belonging to spotted fever group rickettsioses are poorly studied in South America particularly in Brazil where few epidemiological reports have been published. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Diagnosis Indications for Testing Tick bite exposure and relevant epidemiologic setting Fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting; rash 2-5 days after fever Laboratory Testing Diagnosis and laboratory confirmation recommendations (CDC) Antibiotic therapy [arupconsult.com]
Helmick CG, Bernard KW, D’Angelo LJ (1984) Rocky Mountain spotted fever: clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological features of 262 cases. [qmrawiki.canr.msu.edu]
To report a case, health care providers/facilities should call OCHCA Epidemiology at 714-834-8180, fax reports to 714-560-4050, or mail to P.O. Box 6128, Santa Ana, CA 92706-0128. [ochealthinfo.com]
Pathophysiology
Abstract Rickettsiae are arthropod-borne intracellular bacterial pathogens that primarily infect the microvascular endothelium leading to systemic spread of the organisms and the major pathophysiological effect, increased microvascular permeability, and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
Furthermore, treatment with 500 microM alpha-lipoic acid for 72 h p.i. completely prevented ultrastructural changes in infected cells. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Preventative Measures The main preventive measures are taken by containing and eliminating the carrier of the pathogen. Wearing long sleeve shirts and pants when in grassy areas provides a barrier from possible tick bites. [en.wikipedia.org]