Presentation
Children presented with prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Five children presented with a rash. Unusual manifestations included aseptic meningitis and Kawasaki-like presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
- Fever
Tick-borne Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia conorii Boutonneuse fever Rickettsia japonica Japanese spotted fever Rickettsia sibirica North Asian tick typhus Rickettsia australis Queensland tick typhus Rickettsia honei Flinders [en.wikipedia.org]
A bone marrow biopsy showed fibrin ring granulomas, and 2 rickettsial serologic panels were positive for Rickettsia typhi infection and negative for Q fever. The patient was given doxycycline, and the fever resolved within 48 h. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Murine Typhus Antibodies R. typhi antibodies Typhus Fever Group Antibody, IgG and IgM, Serum Rickettsia typhi (Typhus Fever) Antibodies, IgG & IgM by IFA [ltd.aruplab.com]
- High Fever
This disease is manifested by high fever, severe headache, musculoskeletal pain, and occasionally rash. [elsevier.es]
Symptoms of BZD include a severe headache, a sustained high fever, chills, and cough. The rash is often evanescent or absent. Overall BZD is a milder form of epidemic typhus. [statpearls.com]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Pain
The systemic features of epidemic louse-borne typhus include neurological symptoms (eg, deafness and delirium) and abdominal pain. [dermnetnz.org]
Patient 1: A 58-year-old male who owned cats was admitted to the hospital because of fever, chills, oppressive headache and diffuse abdominal pain in the last four days. Physical exam only revealed moderate tenderness to abdominal palpation. [elsevier.es]
Musculoskeletal
- Arthralgia
Patient 2: A 20-year-old male in contact with a dog presented with a 6-day history of fever up to 39.5°C, dry cough, arthralgias, myalgias, headache, sweating and vomiting. He showed a macular rash on the trunk and upper limbs without itching. [elsevier.es]
Skin
- Eruptions
The infection tends to be moderate to severe and a generalised maculopapular eruption is seen. The systemic features of epidemic louse-borne typhus include neurological symptoms (eg, deafness and delirium) and abdominal pain. [dermnetnz.org]
- Urticaria
PERFIL MARCADORES TUMORALES MASCULINO I PERFIL PANCREÁTICO PERFIL REUMÁTICO PERFIL REUMÁTICO PLUS PERFIL TIROIDEO Perfil Tiroideo + Anticuerpos Antitiroideos (TPO y Anti Tiroglobulina) PERFIL TIROIDEO COMPLETO PERFIL TIROIDEO CON TIROGLOBULINA PERFIL URTICARIA [biomedicosdemerida.com]
- Skin Rash
Only a minority of patients display a skin rash which manifests as red macules which most often involves the trunk and spreads outwardly sparing the palms and soles of the feet. [pathwaymedicine.org]
Neurologic
- Headache
Abstract Rickettsia typhi causes endemic typhus, a relatively mild, acute febrile illness characterized by headache and macular rash. It is maintained in rodents and transmitted to humans by flea Xenopsylla cheopis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Disease is characterized by fever and headache roughly 1-2wks following inoculation. [pathwaymedicine.org]
[Review] Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5(1)Anstead GMTM Flea-borne typhus, due to Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, is an infection causing fever, headache, rash, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, and diverse organ manifestations. [unboundmedicine.com]
Infection causes headache, fever, and can lead to multisystem disease, including infection of the brain, lung, liver, kidney and heart. Humans become infected when the flea or tick deposits its feces on the human's skin(1). [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]
This disease is manifested by high fever, severe headache, musculoskeletal pain, and occasionally rash. [elsevier.es]
- Meningism
Patients with rickettsial infection may present with encephalitis or meningitis but neurologic involvement is rare in murine typhus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery Proteus mirabilis / Proteus vulgaris Yersinia pestis Plague / Bubonic plague Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Far East scarlet-like fever Pasteurellales Haemophilus : H. influenzae Haemophilus meningitis [en.wikipedia.org]
- Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Acinetobacter baumannii Xanthomonadaceae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Cardiobacteriaceae Cardiobacterium hominis HACEK Aeromonadales Aeromonas hydrophila / Aeromonas veronii Aeromonas infection ε Campylobacterales Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacteriosis, Guillain–Barré [en.wikipedia.org]
Workup
Microbiology
- Rickettsia Typhi
Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis seroprevalences were 8.8% and 3.2%, respectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Rickettsia typhi Curved, straight or bean-shaped: bacilli come in many variants and are widely spread. Rickettsia typhi (bacterium) Rickettsia typhi is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the family of Rickettsiaceae. [hartmann-academie.nl]
IgG:Titre:Temps ponctuel:Sérum:Quantitatif: fr-CAFrench (CANADA) Rickettsia typhi, IgG:Titre:Temps ponctuel:Sérum:Quantitatif: fr-FRFrench (FRANCE) Rickettsia typhi Ac IgG:Titre:Ponctuel:Sérum:Numérique: it-ITItalian (ITALY) Rickettsia typhi, Ab.IgG:Titr [loinc.org]
"Complete genome sequence of Rickettsia typhi and comparison with sequences of other rickettsiae". J. Bacteriol. 186 (17): 5842–55. doi : 10.1128/JB.186.17.5842-5855.2004. PMC 516817. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Rickettsia Akari
Queensland tick typhus Rickettsia honei Flinders Island spotted fever Rickettsia africae African tick bite fever Rickettsia parkeri American tick bite fever Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection Mite-borne Rickettsia akari Rickettsialpox [en.wikipedia.org]
21 In this regard, antibodies to some human rickettsial pathogens, including Rickettsia conorii (Mediterranean spotted fever), Rickettsia akari (rickettsialpox), Rickettsia sibirica (Siberian tick typhus), and Rickettsia australis (North Queensland [jamanetwork.com]
Etymology: Gr. n. akari, a mite; N.L. gen. n. akari, of a mite. Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. [bacterio.net]
- Gram-Positive Bacteria
It also shares sequence similarity with QacA, a multidrug-resistant pump of Staphylococcus aureus that belongs to a family that includes tetracycline resistance pumps of gram-positive bacteria. [doi.org]
Treatment
Although treatment with tetracycline antibiotics is effective, treatment is often misguided or delayed due to diagnostic difficulties. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Species-specific testing run in parallel is advised when possible, although bacterium identification does not alter treatment recommendations. [arupconsult.com]
Etiology
Rickettsia typhi has been described as the MT etiological agent. Rickettsia felis produces an infection similar to MT. The aim of the study is to determine their seroprevalence in humans in Catalonia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
This study's results contributed to a better knowledge of Rickettsia epidemiology in Yucatán. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
MORU also has ongoing studies to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of scrub typhus infection. [tropmedres.ac]
In fact, BZD presents with milder symptoms and is rarely fatal. [7] [8] Pathophysiology The human body louse is only a vector and not a reservoir because infected lice die five to seven days after they become infected with R. prowazekii. [statpearls.com]
Prevention
Prevention of rickettsia typhi There are no existing vaccines for rickettsial infections. Rickettsial infections can be prevented by taking measures to reduce exposure to lice and fleas. [dermnetnz.org]
Age, sex, residential locality, risk behavior, stage according to criteria of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CD4+/CD8+ T cells, Hepatitis B antigen, and Hepatitis C serology were surveyed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]