Presentation
If symptoms of rumination are present in an infant or child, the doctor will begin an evaluation by performing a complete medical history and physical exam. [webmd.com]
Descriptive data for all variables are presented in Table 1. [frontiersin.org]
This is about shifting attention from internal-imaginary-passive to external-present-active. When the lights are out… Rumination is highly skilled at appearing when you are trying to go to sleep. [frontlinementalhealth.com.au]
Equally, this film depicts the torment rumination can cause that has a significant influence on one’s overall emotional presentation. Yet, there is hope. [medium.com]
A sudden physical action — clapping your hands once, stretching in your chair — can help bring you back into the present. Re-focus on what you can control. [iedp.com]
Entire Body System
-
Falling
The important thing is to choose a constructive distraction instead of falling into unhealthy distractions like drinking or over-eating. [happiness.com]
Mindfulness can encourage awareness and non-judgmental curiosity about the guests and allow us to observe them without falling down a rabbit hole of rumination. [keystepmedia.com]
We have talked on the show about how we create pathways in our brain that become every easier to fall into the more reengage them. This is not a fanciful idea or silly positive thinking. Neurosccience has something called Hebbs Law. [oneyoufeed.net]
Nor can one discuss MW without taking into account the possibility that a particular portion of these self-generated thoughts may fall captive to a ruminative style of thinking. [journals.plos.org]
[…] based on Taku et al. (2007) : “self” (33.2%) included events such as a severe illness or injury, natural disaster, and any accident from club activities; “relationship” (28.5%) included events like being physically and/or verbally bullied at school, falling [frontiersin.org]
-
Weight Loss
Symptoms of rumination disorder in babies and young kids include: Repeated regurgitation of food Repeated re-chewing of food Weight loss Bad breath and tooth decay Repeated stomachaches and indigestion Raw and chapped lips In addition, infants with rumination [webmd.com]
Rumination disorder can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, dental erosions, and electrolyte disturbances if left untreated. [beateatingdisorders.org.uk]
In some teens and adults, it has caused a small amount of weight loss. Work with your healthcare provider or your child's healthcare provider to know the symptoms. Then work with a behavioral psychologist to end the pattern. [elcaminohealth.org]
Complications Complications of rumination may include some or all of the following: Malnutrition Weight loss Gastric disorders Upper respiratory distress Dental problems Aspiration Choking Pneumonia Social isolation and/or compromise at attempts at community [emedicine.medscape.com]
The signs and symptoms of rumination syndrome include: Regurgitating and re-chewing food on a regular basis Digestive problems, such as indigestion and stomach aches Dental problems, such as bad breath and tooth decay Weight loss Chapped lips Babies who [my.clevelandclinic.org]
-
Disability
Rumination syndrome has been long known to occur in babies and in people with developmental disabilities, but can occur in people of all ages. Children and adults with high levels of stress or anxiety may be at higher risk for rumination syndrome. [my.clevelandclinic.org]
Many people suffering from depression describe not only an inability to banish sad memories, but also a preoccupation with the origins and nature of disabling melancholy. Psychologists call this rumination. [psychologicalscience.org]
Behavior therapy Habit reversal behavior therapy is used to treat people without developmental disabilities who have rumination syndrome. [mayoclinic.org]
There was a guy walking incredibly slow and everyone was backing up behind him because no one but a disabled snail can move at that pace. [oneyoufeed.net]
-
Malnutrition
Testing can also help the doctor evaluate how the behavior has affected the body by looking for signs of problems such as dehydration and malnutrition. [webmd.com]
Rumination disorder can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, dental erosions, and electrolyte disturbances if left untreated. [beateatingdisorders.org.uk]
Complications Complications of rumination may include some or all of the following: Malnutrition Weight loss Gastric disorders Upper respiratory distress Dental problems Aspiration Choking Pneumonia Social isolation and/or compromise at attempts at community [emedicine.medscape.com]
Although not considered to be life-threatening, RS has been associated with quality of life impairment and even malnutrition[ 2 ]. [wjgnet.com]
-
Weakness
We performed an exploratory subgroup analysis of the change in depression scores comparing the studies that obtained medium/strong ( g .50) vs. weak ( g .50) effects on rumination, including all studies that reported data. [elsevier.es]
They may think that they are too weak to solve the problem and could eventually give up. Therefore, hope plays an important role in determining whether rumination is adaptive or maladaptive. [ijmhs.biomedcentral.com]
Research perspectives The quality of the evidence is still weak. More research needs to be done in this field. [wjgnet.com]
Respiratoric
-
Pneumonia
[…] associated with untreated rumination disorder in infants and children are: Malnutrition Lowered resistance to infections and diseases Failure to grow and thrive Weight loss Stomach diseases such as ulcers Dehydration Bad breath and tooth decay Aspiration pneumonia [webmd.com]
Complications Complications of rumination may include some or all of the following: Malnutrition Weight loss Gastric disorders Upper respiratory distress Dental problems Aspiration Choking Pneumonia Social isolation and/or compromise at attempts at community [emedicine.medscape.com]
-
Aspiration
[…] complications associated with untreated rumination disorder in infants and children are: Malnutrition Lowered resistance to infections and diseases Failure to grow and thrive Weight loss Stomach diseases such as ulcers Dehydration Bad breath and tooth decay Aspiration [webmd.com]
Complications Complications of rumination may include some or all of the following: Malnutrition Weight loss Gastric disorders Upper respiratory distress Dental problems Aspiration Choking Pneumonia Social isolation and/or compromise at attempts at community [emedicine.medscape.com]
Gastrointestinal
-
Regurgitation
Symptoms of rumination disorder in babies and young kids include: Repeated regurgitation of food Repeated re-chewing of food Weight loss Bad breath and tooth decay Repeated stomachaches and indigestion Raw and chapped lips In addition, infants with rumination [webmd.com]
This act of regurgitation is a reflex action that can be a learned and intentional act or can be unintentional. People who have rumination syndrome are not regurgitating food because of a stomach illness or because they feel sick. [my.clevelandclinic.org]
These medications can protect the lining of the esophagus until behavior therapy reduces the frequency and severity of regurgitation. [mayoclinic.org]
Rumination syndrome causes an automatic regurgitation of recently eaten food. If your child has this problem, he or she will usually eat meals normally. [elcaminohealth.org]
Partial improvement in 28% Baclofen RCT[ 14 ] Median regurgitation events lower with baclofen compared to placebo [4 (0–14) vs 6 (0–19), P 0.04] Prospective observational[ 13 ] Median regurgitation events significantly reduced from 9 (0-11) to 1 (0-13 [wjgnet.com]
-
Vomiting
The doctor may use certain tests -- such as X-rays and blood tests -- to look for and rule out possible physical causes for the vomiting, such as a gastrointestinal condition. [webmd.com]
Vomiting in rumination disorder is different to the kind of sickness you might get with a stomach bug, for example – the person won’t appear to feel sick or experience involuntary retching. [beateatingdisorders.org.uk]
The food will be described as tasting normally and not acidic-tasting, like vomit. This means it is still undigested. This problem is a psychological disorder. It may be mistaken for vomiting or other digestive problems. [elcaminohealth.org]
He ended his sophomore year with a mystery illness that left him unable to attend classes, play sports or hang out with friends…because he was vomiting more than 30 times a day. [youtube.com]
Functional vomiting disorders in infancy: innocent vomiting, nervous vomiting, and infant rumination syndrome. J Pediatr. 1994;125(6 Pt 2):S84–94. PubMed CrossRef 14. Schroedl RL, Alioto A, Di Lorenzo C. [springermedizin.de]
-
Nausea
It often occurs effortlessly and painlessly, and is not associated with nausea or disgust. Rumination disorder can affect anyone at any age. [beateatingdisorders.org.uk]
Rumination may follow a sensation of burping/belching and typically does not involve nausea or retching. [my.clevelandclinic.org]
-
Choking
Lowered resistance to infections and diseases Failure to grow and thrive Weight loss Stomach diseases such as ulcers Dehydration Bad breath and tooth decay Aspiration pneumonia and other respiratory problems (from vomit that is breathed into the lungs ) Choking [webmd.com]
Complications Complications of rumination may include some or all of the following: Malnutrition Weight loss Gastric disorders Upper respiratory distress Dental problems Aspiration Choking Pneumonia Social isolation and/or compromise at attempts at community [emedicine.medscape.com]
-
Dyspepsia
[…] by trained personnel (with EMG guidance or HRiM if available) If no response to diaphragmatic breathing after ensuring compliance, Baclofen 5-10 mg three times daily For refractory cases Consider alternative diagnosis (GERD, gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia [wjgnet.com]
Jaw & Teeth
-
Bad Taste
[…] the child more attention Reducing distractions during feeding Making feeding a more relaxing and pleasurable experience Distracting the child when he or she begins the rumination behavior Aversive conditioning, which involves placing something sour or bad-tasting [webmd.com]
-
Halitosis
Weight loss Gastric disorders Upper respiratory distress Dental problems Aspiration Choking Pneumonia Social isolation and/or compromise at attempts at community integration because peers and caregivers find interaction with these individuals unpleasant Halitosis [emedicine.medscape.com]
Skin
-
Ulcer
Among the many potential complications associated with untreated rumination disorder in infants and children are: Malnutrition Lowered resistance to infections and diseases Failure to grow and thrive Weight loss Stomach diseases such as ulcers Dehydration [webmd.com]
Psychiatrical
-
Anxiety Disorder
Excessive and difficult to control worry is a central feature of Generalised Anxiety Disorder, but worry occurs in most types of mental health suffering. In other anxiety disorders the content of worry has a more specific focus. [mct-institute.co.uk]
Adulthood Affective Forecasting Ageism Aggression Allport, Gordon Alzheimer’s Disease Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) Anger Animal Behavior Animal Learning Anxiety Disorders Art and Aesthetics, Psychology of Attachment in Social and Emotional Development [oxfordbibliographies.com]
J Anxiety Disord. 2013, 27 (1): 1-8. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.10.008. 26. Touhy TA: Nurturing hope and spirituality in the nursing home. Holistic Nurs Prac. 2001, 15 (4): 45-56. 10.1097/00004650-200107000-00008. 27. [ijmhs.biomedcentral.com]
Most of those reviews are basically centered on affective/depressive disorders, and, to a lesser extent, on anxiety disorders. Ruminative thoughts are presents in several disorders, but especially in depressive disorders. [elsevier.es]
Anxiety Disord. 23, 775–781. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.03.001 PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar Kernan, W. D., and Lepore, S. J. (2009). [frontiersin.org]
-
Behavior Disorder
Rumination syndrome is a rare behavioral disorder in which food is brought back up from the stomach. It is either rechewed, reswallowed, or spit out. The food will be described as tasting normally and not acidic-tasting, like vomit. [elcaminohealth.org]
Experimental avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64 (1996), pp. 1152-1168 [Hayes et al., 2006] S.C. Hayes, J.B. Luoma, F.W. Bond, A. [elsevier.es]
-
Dysphoric Mood
Emotional Reasoning Processes and Dysphoric Mood: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Relationships. PLoS One ( 2013 ). 99. Williams, A. D. & Moulds, M. L. [biorxiv.org]
Relation between rumination and impaired memory in dysphoric moods. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1998;107(1):166–172. pmid:9505050 View Article PubMed/NCBI Google Scholar 38. Matthews G, Joyner L, Gilliland K, Campbell S, Falconer S, Huggins J. [journals.plos.org]
Neurologic
-
Neglect
Neglect of or an abnormal relationship between the child and the mother or other primary caregiver may cause the child to engage in self-comfort. For some children, the act of chewing is comforting. It may be a way for the child to gain attention. [webmd.com]
[…] member of the following medical societies: Academic Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, Harris County Medical Society, International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect [emedicine.medscape.com]
However, the social and relational consequences of the mind wandering have been largely neglected. [journals.plos.org]
-
Personality Change
Meaning-making following spinal cord injury: individual difference and within-person change. Rehabil. Psychol. 58, 166–177. doi: 10.1037/a0031554 PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar Dekel, S., and Bonanno, G. A. (2011). [frontiersin.org]
-
Cognitive Impairment
Rumination disorder most often occurs in infants and very young children (between 3 and 12 months), and in children with cognitive impairments. It is rare in older children, adolescents, and adults. [webmd.com]
-
Difficulty Concentrating
This could explain why people that suffer from rumination typically also report having difficulties concentrating (Lyubomirsky, Kasri, & Zehm, 2003 ). [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]
Treatment
In situations like this, the person wouldn’t be given a separate diagnosis of rumination disorder, and the behaviour should be addressed as part of the treatment for the illness that caused it. [beateatingdisorders.org.uk]
Treatment of rumination disorder mainly focuses on changing the child's behavior. [webmd.com]
[…] of patients on placebo treatment ( P 0.0001). [wjgnet.com]
Treatment Treatment depends on the exclusion of other disorders, as well as on age and cognitive ability. Behavior therapy Habit reversal behavior therapy is used to treat people without developmental disabilities who have rumination syndrome. [mayoclinic.org]
For treatment see Wells (2008). MCT References Davey, G.C.L. & Wells A. (2006). Worry and its psychological disorders: Theory, assessment and treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A (2004). [mct-institute.co.uk]
Prognosis
[…] disorders Upper respiratory distress Dental problems Aspiration Choking Pneumonia Social isolation and/or compromise at attempts at community integration because peers and caregivers find interaction with these individuals unpleasant Halitosis Death Prognosis [emedicine.medscape.com]
Rumination syndrome in children and adolescents: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Pediatrics. 2003;111(1):158–62. PubMed CrossRef 8. Talley NJ. Rumination syndrome. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;7(2):117–8. 9. [springermedizin.de]
Rumination syndrome in children and adolescents: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Pediatrics. 2003; 111 :158-162. [ PubMed ] [ DOI ] 4. Stanghellini V, Chan FK, Hasler WL, Malagelada JR, Suzuki H, Tack J, Talley NJ. Gastroduodenal Disorders. [wjgnet.com]
Etiology
Likewise, neuroscientific appeals made to either structural or functional connectivity biomarkers of DR, considered in isolation, might reduce the precision of our etiological understanding 66. [biorxiv.org]
Epidemiology
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62 (2009), pp. e1-e34 [Manicavasagar et al., 2012] V. Manicavasagar, T. Perich, G. Parker. Cognitive Predictors of Change in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression. [elsevier.es]
Pathophysiology
Review article: the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and management of rumination syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(7):782–8. PubMed CrossRef Titel Adolescent Rumination Syndrome Autoren: Hayat M. [springermedizin.de]
Review article: the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and management of rumination syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 33 :782-788. [ PubMed ] [ DOI ] 21. Halland M, Pandolfino J, Barba E. Diagnosis and Treatment of Rumination Syndrome. [wjgnet.com]
Ultimately, we demonstrate that neural pathophysiological models of trait DR are multimodally multivariate. Moving forward, future research should therefore exercise caution when applying and interpreting exclusively unimodal analyses of DR. [biorxiv.org]
Prevention
Continued Can Rumination Disorder Be Prevented in Infants and Children? There is no known way to prevent rumination disorder in infants and children. [webmd.com]
Diaphragmatic breathing prevents abdominal contractions and regurgitation. Biofeedback is part of behavioral therapy for rumination syndrome. [mayoclinic.org]
Giardino, MD, MPH, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: Academic Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, Harris County Medical Society, International Society for the Prevention [emedicine.medscape.com]
If you do enter a cycle of such thoughts, it’s important to stop them as quickly as possible to prevent them from becoming more intense. [healthline.com]
So it's unclear what can be done to prevent it. The good news about rumination syndrome is that it doesn't seem to do much physical damage. In rare instances, it can cause problems with the esophagus from the acid and reflux. [elcaminohealth.org]