Aneurysm of extracranial carotid artery is an uncommon clinical disease and that presenting as a ruptured aneurysm is extremely rare. This entity represents a challenge to treatment strategy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Asymptomatic

  In a single-center study in Japan, the condition accounted for approximately 5% of all surgical abdominal aortic aneurysms and was depicted as generally asymptomatic and without rupture. 1 A 63-year-old white woman with history of controlled diabetes, [nejm.org]

  Symptoms and causes of a brain aneurysm Brain aneurysms may be asymptomatic (no symptoms) or rarely symptomatic (with symptoms). Symptoms associated with brain aneurysms depend on the location of the aneurysm in the brain. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

  It may be asymptomatic, or it may present as angina or with symptoms of valvular insufficiency or outflow obstruction. Once ruptured, it often produces hemodynamic instability. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] external iliac (1%) stenosis / occlusion of celiac trunk / SMA (22%) stenosis of renal artery (22-30%) occlusion of inferior mesenteric artery (80%) occlusion of lumbar arteries (78%) Growth rate of aneurysm of 3-6 cm in diameter: 0.39 cm / year Clinical asymptomatic [learningradiology.com]

• Collapse

  Presentation A dissecting or ruptured aneurysm usually presents with pain and collapse. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) It will cause chest pain that may be indistinguishable from acute myocardial infarction in terms of nature and distribution. [patient.info]

  Moments later, she collapsed. “I called 911 right away, explained what was going on,” Nate remembers. “And they had me ask her to lift both of her arms above her head. And her right arm went right up and her left arm didn’t move at all.” [www1.cbn.com]

  On Thursday, Colagrossi had just returned from an assignment covering a fire when she collapsed and was rushed to the hospital. [cbsnews.com]

  A ruptured aneurysm should be considered whenever a man aged over 55 or a woman aged over 70 presents with circulatory collapse. 9. [slideshare.net]

• Rigor

  The university has a long tradition of rigorous thought, quantitative approaches, and interdisciplinary work, which is central to neuroscience. Two things are unique to Argonne that will be crucial to this work. [uchospitals.edu]

• Hypertension

  We describe an elderly hypertensive patient with an aneurysmal rupture of the left common iliac artery who presented with unilateral hip pain masquerading as septic arthritis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Interestingly, that’s also the peak age for developing hypertension.” Hypertension, or high blood pressure, and smoking both make it more likely that an existing aneurysm will grow or burst. [nydailynews.com]

• Thrombosis

  Primary iliac venous aneurysm is an extremely rare vascular abnormality that is associated with the likelihood of rupture, embolism, and thrombosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The principal cause of complication was thrombosis. Among 20 patients with postoperative thrombosis, 4 remained asymptomatic and 16 had an unfavorable outcome. [stroke.ahajournals.org]

  In patients for whom surgery is considered too risky, and in an increasing proportion overall, microcoil thrombosis or balloon embolisation may be performed. [brainfoundation.org.au]

  Pseudoaneurysms may go undetected on initial angiography, because of thrombosis of the lumen ( 7 – 9 ). Resolution of thrombus over time results in an apparent enlargement of the aneurysm on angiography ( Fig 2 B and C ). [ajnr.org]

• Hypotension

  Twenty-nine patients (25%) were hypotensive (systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg), of whom 16 (55%) had cardiac arrest before operation. [journals.lww.com]

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) Ruptured AAA presents with a classical triad of pain in the flank or back, hypotension and a pulsatile abdominal mass; however, only about half have the full triad. [patient.info]

  […] pain, hypotension, and a pulsatile mass. [slideshare.net]

  […] a patient presents with the classical triad of pain, hypotension, and a pulsatile mass. [zarinslab.stanford.edu]

• Back Pain

  During the previous 6 months, she had had mild-to-moderate lower back pain, decreased appetite, and weight. .. Qi Qian, M.D. Kianoush B. Kashani, M.D. Dylan V. Miller, M.D. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN qian. [email protected] edu [nejm.org]

  Most patients with a contained rupture present with chronic back pain that may radiate to the groin. [slideshare.net]

  Pain concentrated in the back can be confused with acute lumbar back pain from arthritis of the spine or a disc problem – especially if leakage of blood around the nerves in the lumbar area lead to ‘sciatica’ – pain radiating down the leg. [familydoctor.co.uk]

  Anterior intraperitoneal rupture Here, a tear in the anterior wall of the aneurysm results in sudden severe abdominal or back pain and collapse. [zarinslab.stanford.edu]

  Some people with abdominal aneurysms report abdominal pain, lower back pain, or a pulsating sensation in the abdomen. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Photophobia

  […] include: visual changes facial pain seizures autonomic disturbances (nausea/vomiting, chills and palpitations) focal neurology (sensory loss, weakness, memory loss, language difficulties) Examination findings include meningisms (nuchal rigidity, fever, photophobia [radiopaedia.org]

  Symptoms may include: Coma or loss of consciousness Eye movement problems Photophobia, a condition in which eyes are sensitive to the light Seizures Stiff neck Vomiting Weakness Because ruptured aneurysms can be fatal, a quick and accurate diagnosis is [ucsfbenioffchildrens.org]

  […] possible symptoms that are seen in patients with a brain aneurysm: visual defects facial pain focal neurological complaints seizures passing out or fainting confusion or mental impairment nausea and/or vomiting cardiac dysrhythmias neck pain or stiffness photophobia [emedicinehealth.com]

• Hemianopsia

  Chiasmal compression may produce bilateral temporal hemianopsia. Hypopituitarism or anosmia may be seen with giant aneurysms. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Diplopia

  Visual symptoms: Blurring of vision, diplopia, or visual field defects may be present. Respiratory dysfunction or cardiovascular instability: These are ominous signs of brainstem compression. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Stroke

  […] treatment of stroke patients. [uccerebrovascularcenter.com]

  Roughly 10 to 15 percent of all first strokes are the result of a broken blood vessel in the brain, according to the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association Stroke Council. [livestrong.com]

  Patients experiencing stroke had higher mean clot burden. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Olsen TS, Langhorne P, Diener HC, et al.; European Stroke Initiative Executive Committee; EUSI Writing Committee. European Stroke Initiative recommendations for stroke management—update 2003. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;16(4):311–337. 22. [aafp.org]

• Intracranial Hemorrhage

  Because of significant risk of recurrent intracranial hemorrhage, it was decided to proceed with endovascular embolization of the aneurysm. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In total, approximately 30,000 aneurysm ruptures (known as intracranial hemorrhages) occur each year. On average, aneurysms are more common in females than in males, and 20 percent of patients suffer multiple (two or more) aneurysms. [snisonline.org]

  Traumatic aneurysms may have a delayed presentation, with intracranial hemorrhage or recurrent epistaxis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Stupor

  […] the higher is the grade (2): Asymptomatic, mild headache, slight nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness) Moderate to severe headache, nuchal rigidity, cranial nerve palsy, no other neurological deficit Drowsiness / confusion, mild focal neurologic deficit Stupor [aans.org]

Workup for Patients with Suspected Nontraumatic SAH Figure 1. Algorithm for evaluating patients with suspected nontraumatic SAH. [aafp.org]

The workup may include: Physical exam - The physician checks blood pressure, feels the body for masses and listens to blood flow sounds. [innerbody.com]

See Workup for more detail. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Of the anterior circulation aneurysms assigned to coiling treatment, 42% (70/168) were crossed over to clipping treatment. The outcomes for posterior circulation aneurysms continued to favor coiling. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, there is no scientific evidence that aneurysm size has any correlation with a better or worse prognosis after rupture. [scielo.br]

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare, diagnostically elusive disease with a poor prognosis. In this report, we describe the case of a 56-year-old woman with a right atrial angiosarcoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

64-94% die before reaching hospital Increased risk: size >6 cm, growth >5 mm / 6 months, pain + tenderness Peripheral embolization Infection Spontaneous occlusion of aorta Prognosis: 17% 5-year survival without surgery 50-60% 5-year survival with surgery [learningradiology.com]

With each recurrent bleed, the prognosis is worsened. [radiopaedia.org]

This book considers mainly etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms (AA) and aneurysm rupture and addresses anyone engaged in treatment and prevention of AA. [intechopen.com]

Etiology formation of berry aneurysm: sporadic (most) although a genetic component is likely as incidence in first-degree relatives of affected patients is increased genetic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, neurofibromatosis type 1, Marfan syndrome, autosomal [radiopaedia.org]

Pathophysiology The pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms is related inherently to structural aberrations of the cerebrovasculature, although the etiology of these abnormalities may be diverse. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Some authors have reported that high OSI correlates with the etiology and location of atherosclerotic plaques, endothelial damage, aneurysm formation, and rupture. [nature.com]

Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or disease. [archclinbiomedres.com]

Wang x Published: January 15, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085668 Abstract Background To review the epidemiology of sporadic ruptured cerebral aneurysm. [journals.plos.org]

Epidemiology Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) cause 12,000 deaths per year; 8,000 of these are infra-renal. [ 2 ] Women are much less frequently affected. [patient.info]

This book considers mainly etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms (AA) and aneurysm rupture and addresses anyone engaged in treatment and prevention of AA. [intechopen.com]

In the first few days following a subarachnoid hemorrhage, there is an increased risk of additional ischemic injury from the reactive vasospasm from surrounding vasculature. 5 Although some of the details of the pathophysiology of the formation of a berry [radiopaedia.org]

The incidence and pathophysiology of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Mar. 64(3):250-4. [Medline]. Sluzewski M, van Rooij WJ. [emedicine.medscape.com]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY  Aorta consists of 3 layers- Intima, Media & Adventitia.  Certain diseases causes weakening of the aortic walls, reduces its elasticity. [slideshare.net]

Prevention of aneurysm bleeding and preservation of collateral vessels during craniotomy are the critical when managing hemorrhagic moyamoya disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment may include lifesaving measures, symptom relief, repair of the bleeding aneurysm, and complication prevention. [mayfieldclinic.com]

A more restricted postembolization anticoagulation strategy in high-risk aneurysms may possibly prevent the occurrence of this devastating event. [ajnr.org]

Preventing brain aneurysms The best way to prevent getting an aneurysm, or reduce the risk of an aneurysm growing bigger and possibly rupturing, is to avoid activities that could damage your blood vessels. [nhs.uk]