We present five cases of neonatal septicaemia due to S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. The cases were presented because of their interesting clinical presentations and possible modes of transmission. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Respiratory Distress

  A 14-year-old immunocompetent girl was admitted with respiratory distress owing to S. Typhi pneumonia and pleural empyema. She was a native of Ivory Coast but had lived in France for 4 years and had not travelled abroad for several years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Regurgitation

  The patient had classic features of typhoid and tricuspid regurgitation without clinical evidence of bacterial endocarditis. Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed the tricuspid regurgitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Upper Abdominal Pain

  A 42-year-old male presented with shortness of breath, generalized body aches and upper abdominal pain two weeks after returning from India. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fracture

  We report a case of Salmonella typhi osteomyelitis that presented as a pathologic fracture of the left femur and had additional silent manifestations in the right tibia and humerus in an otherwise healthy adult. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Periorbital Edema

  Bronchopneumonia, proptosis and periorbital edema resolved with systemic antibiotic therapy but the patient developed bilateral phthisis bulbi. This is the first case report of metastatic, bilateral panophthalmitis caused by Salmonella typhi. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Purpura

  We report on three children with Salmonella typhi presenting with fever and urticaria, thrombocytopenic purpura and meningitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Positive Widal Test

  The aetiological diagnosis was confirmed by a positive Widal test as well as by isolation of Salmonella typhi from joint aspirate. Treatment with ceftriaxone along with surgical drainage was successful. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Typhi-H58 that is associated with fluoroquinolone treatment failure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Antibiotic therapy has radically changed the prognosis of typhoid, which, untreated, has a 10% death rate. Preventive measures include good personal and food hygiene. An effective vaccine is also available. [ecdc.europa.eu]

This leads to a mortality rate of less than 1% among treated individuals who have an antibiotic-susceptible strain of S. typhi, making the outcome and prognosis for patients a positive one. [web.uconn.edu]

IMAGES Typhoid Fever See pictures of Bacterial Skin Conditions See Images What is the treatment for typhoid fever, and what is the prognosis? Antibiotics that kill the Salmonella bacteria treat typhoid fever. [medicinenet.com]

Surgical management and prognosis of perforation secondary to typhoid fever. Trop Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr-Jun. 37 (2):123-8. [Medline]. Pham Thanh D, Karkey A, Dongol S, et al. [medscape.com]

Salmonella etiology was not suspected in this case, and the diagnosis was made only after bacterial isolation. Arthrotomy was done as an initial mode of management, followed by intravenous ciprofloxacin therapy to which the child responded favorably. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In all cases, the relevance of findings to the epidemiology of typhoid must be clear. Funding Information Awards of $100,000 USD are made in Phase I. [www2.fundsforngos.org]

The availability of genome sequences and its understanding have transformed the field of molecular microbiology, epidemiology, infection treatments and vaccine developments. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Publication Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016 Publication Typhoid and paratyphoid fever - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2015 Publication Communicable disease threats report, 24-30 September 2017, week 39 Publication [ecdc.europa.eu]

However, mortality rates have fallen to less than 1% with the introduction of antibiotics. [3] [9] Pathophysiology Salmonella enterica serotype typhi is usually contracted by ingestion of food or water that is contaminated with the excrements of those [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology All pathogenic Salmonella species, when present in the gut are engulfed by phagocytic cells, which then pass them through the mucosa and present them to the macrophages in the lamina propria. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Author information 1 1 State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. 2 2 Collaborative Innovation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention: The key to avoiding infection by S. typhi is prevention of fecal contamination in drinking water and food supplies. [web.uconn.edu]