At present non-invasive tests for diagnosing Schistosoma myelopathy are sub-optimal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  Schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia, bilharziasis, bilharziosis or snail fever) is a human disease syndrome caused by infection from one of several species of parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Systemic hypersensitivity reaction – may occur 2-8 weeks after infection Fever, myalgia, nonproductive cough, fatigue, abdominal pain, eosinophilia, occasionally bloody stools Liver, spleen, and lymph nodes often enlarged Death can occur in severe cases [arupconsult.com]

  This suggests that the frequency of typhoid fever among schistosomiasis patients is higher than paratyphoid fever. This finding is in agreement with that reported by Salih et al 8. [ijpsr.com]

  Some develop acute Schistosomiasis, or Katayama fever. [austincc.edu]

• Inflammation

  This damage may be due to schistosome eggs migrating to these organs and causing inflammation. [yourgenome.org]

  Another was found to have schistosoma-related granulomatous inflammation within a urachal cyst. Thirdly a patient was found to have simultaneous occurrence of transitional cell carcinoma and schistosomiasis of the bladder. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chronic Infection

  Chronic schistosomiasis can develop months or even years after the initial infection and cause long-term health problems. Damage to the organs after chronic infection is irreversible. [yourgenome.org]

  infection with Schistosoma parasites makes life miserable for millions of people in tropical countries around the globe, and can lead to death. [news.bbc.co.uk]

  Chronic infections may increase the risk of bladder cancer. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

  Chronic renal failure and carcinoma of the bladder occur with increased frequency in S haematobium infected patients. [emj.bmj.com]

• Asymptomatic

  This is the first case of asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodule due to adult Schistosoma worm 26 years after the exposure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] at baseline of schoolchildren with asymptomatic Schistosoma haematobium infections Efficacy In total, 296 children were evaluable for the per protocol analysis ( table 2 ). [academic.oup.com]

• Pathologist

  Copyright © 2018 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KEYWORDS: Anti-pathology; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Sm-p80 vaccine [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  American Society of Clinical Pathologists (ASCP) Press;2007 [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

  The parasites were first identified as a cause of the disease in the 1850s by Theodor Bilharz, a German pathologist working in Egypt. [britannica.com]

  Fujiro Katsurada, a pathologist in Okayama University, focused on this point [9]. In July 30 th in 1904, Katsurarda took a house cat lived in Kofu basin and vivisected. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Cough

  He presented with a 1-month history of fever, cough, and thoracic pain. Initial investigations revealed hypereosinophilia and multiple nodular lesions on chest computed tomography scan. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  wheezing, shortness of breath and coughing up blood nervous system or brain can cause seizures (fits), headaches, weakness and numbness in your legs, and dizziness Without treatment, affected organs can become permanently damaged. [nhs.uk]

  During parasite migration through the bloodstream, acute schistosomiasis syndrome (also known as Katayama fever ) may present with fever, cough, and angioedema. [amboss.com]

  “dead-end” host for nonhuman-pathogenic schistosomes Acute schistosomiasis (also known as schistosomiasis japonica or Katayama syndrome or fever) Systemic hypersensitivity reaction – may occur 2-8 weeks after infection Fever, myalgia, nonproductive cough [arupconsult.com]

  Fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches can begin within 1-2 months of infection. Most people have no symptoms at this early phase of infection. [cdc.gov]

• Painful Cough

  Joint and muscle pains. Cough. Bloody diarrhoea. Tummy (abdominal) pain. Note : many people who are infected do not develop symptoms of acute schistosomiasis, or their symptoms may be mild and go unrecognised. [patient.info]

• Diarrhea

  […] active infection and past exposure Generally negative at onset of clinical symptoms Seroconversion occurs ~30 days after symptoms and ~6 weeks after contact with contaminated water Differential Diagnosis Acute Entamoeba histolytica Rickettsia typhi Diarrhea [arupconsult.com]

  In acute infections with heavy infection due to Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum, a mucoid bloody diarrhea accompanied by tender hepatomegaly occurs. [meddean.luc.edu]

  Approximately 2 million individuals die each year of diarrhea and Salmonella is a leading cause of this malady. [ijpsr.com]

  […] noun another term for bilharzia (the disease) ‘Water-related diseases cause 80 percent of all the world's sicknesses, in the forms of hepatitis A, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery and schistosomiasis.’ [en.oxforddictionaries.com]

  Intestinal schistosomiasis may present with diarrhea and abdominal pain, whereas hepatic schistosomiasis can lead to hepatosplenomegaly and/or portal hypertension. [amboss.com]

• Nausea

  Cerebral and cerebellar tumour-like neuroschistosomiasis can present with increased intracranial pressure, headache, nausea and vomiting, and seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The patient's headache and nausea worsened rapidly, and we were obliged to relieve his symptoms as soon as possible. [jcm.asm.org]

  The infection may cause an itchy rash, then after several weeks, fever, chills, muscle aches, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and, later, other symptoms depending on which organ is affected. [merckmanuals.com]

• Vomiting

  Cerebral and cerebellar tumour-like neuroschistosomiasis can present with increased intracranial pressure, headache, nausea and vomiting, and seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] those with positive serology), even if asymptomatic, to prevent chronic complications Praziquantel is the treatment of choice [9], and usually very well tolerated with few adverse effects (mild potential adverse effects include dizziness, headache, vomiting [rch.org.au]

  Approximately two months after infection the person can present with katayama fever, lasting for up to two weeks or several months, with temperatures reaching as high as 40°C with rigors, diarrhoea, lethargy, myalgia, headache, nausea, and vomiting. [emj.bmj.com]

  If patients vomited or spat out study drugs within the first hour after administration, the full doses were readministered. [academic.oup.com]

• Hepatosplenomegaly

  Intestinal schistosomiasis may present with diarrhea and abdominal pain, whereas hepatic schistosomiasis can lead to hepatosplenomegaly and/or portal hypertension. [amboss.com]

  Symptoms include fever, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly, and eosinophilia. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

  CLINICAL CASE  8 year old boy  Referred to renal clinic from peripheral hospital  Complaints: Fever, Two year history of painless, macroscopic hematuria  Physical examination: febrile, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, Right upper quadrant tenderness. 26. [slideshare.net]

  Some patients were having hepatosplenomegaly. S. typhi was found to be the most frequent (70.7%). [ijpsr.com]

• Jaundice

  Signs of active liver disease (eg, ascites, jaundice, and encephalopathy) were absent in all enrolled patients. Patients had not bled in the 6 months that preceded study enrollment. [ahajournals.org]

• Irritability

  […] liver damage and an enlarged spleen Colon (large intestine) inflammation Kidney and bladder blockage High blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs ( pulmonary hypertension ) Repeated blood infections, if bacteria enter the bloodstream through an irritated [medlineplus.gov]

  The presence of eggs inside blood vessels causes irritational behaviour leading to abscess formation and fibrosis (pseudotubercle) around eggs producing inflammatory changes. 4. [yourarticlelibrary.com]

  For example, an infection in the: digestive system can cause anaemia, tummy pain and swelling, diarrhoea and blood in your poo urinary system can cause irritation of the bladder (cystitis), pain when peeing, a frequent need to pee, and blood in your pee [nhs.uk]

  […] while the latter is usually found in domesticated and wild mammals (e.g., dogs, cats, horses, pigs). [ [13] ] Signs and Symptoms The most common symptoms of intestinal Schistosomiasis include fever, abdominal pain, bloody feces, cough, aches, and skin irritation [austincc.edu]

  Although a few patients may have minor skin irritation when the cercariae enter the skin, most people do not develop symptoms until the eggs develop (about one to two months after initial skin penetration). [medicinenet.com]

• Hyperactivity

  BASC-2 T scores were significantly reduced post-treatment (p < 0.05) for each of the 'negative' behavior categories including externalizing problems (hyperactivity, aggression, and conduct problems that are disruptive in nature), internalizing problems [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subsequently, the patient was referred to our institution for further workup. Upon presentation to our institute, the patient's temperature was 36.8°C, his pulse was 60 beats per minute (bpm), and his blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg. [jcm.asm.org]

Here CCA levels are measured 24 hours post treatment in response to both a single and two treatments. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Estimates show that at least 220.8 million people required preventive treatment in 2017. Preventive treatment, which should be repeated over a number of years, will reduce and prevent morbidity. [who.int]

(CWT), school-based treatment (SBT) and years without treatment (-T). [clinicaltrials.gov]

The prognosis of schistosomiasisassociated PAH is not well understood and is likely very similar to that of idiopathic PAH. [phassociation.org]

What is the prognosis (outcome) for schistosomiasis? Early antiparasitic treatment, especially with acute schistosomiasis, may allow people to recover completely without developing chronic disease. [medicinenet.com]

The prognosis is excellent, and a single dose of praziquantel 40mg/kg cures 80% of infected persons. Follow-up urine or stool specimens should be collected at 6 to 8 weeks and 6 months to ensure clearance of the eggs. [coursera.org]

If someone is also infected with malaria, HIV, or hepatitis, there is a worse prognosis. Can schistosomiasis be prevented? People who travel to areas affected by schistosomiasis should avoid exposure to fresh water that is likely to be contaminated. [patient.info]

As the prognosis in SMR depends in part on factors related to the disease itself and in part on early treatment (Ferrari 1999), it has been recommended the empirical use of PZQ in combination with a corticosteroid in suspected cases while the diagnosis [scielo.br]

Etiology Clinical features Clinical features depend on the stage, schistosome type, and infected organs. [amboss.com]

Etiology: The trematodes (flukes). Schistosomes are flukes that inhabit the portal vascular system. All species have similar life cycles. [meddean.luc.edu]

Schistosomiasis by Paul Stewart Disease Etiology Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharziasis or snail fever, is caused by infection of digenetic blood trematodes (i.e., helminth parasites such as flukeworms). [austincc.edu]

However, the patients who underwent surgical treatment did not have a previous etiologic diagnosis. 6 - 10 The “gold standard” treatment for cerebral S mansoni schistosomiasis remains to be determined. [jamanetwork.com]

Key words: schistosomiasis - neuroschistosomiasis - central nervous system/parasitology - Schistosoma mansoni - Schistosama japonicum -Schistosoma haematobium ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY The term neuroschistosomiasis (NS) refers to the symptomatic or asymptomatic [scielo.br]

A classification and regression tree modeling (CART) was then used to explore the relationship between socioeconomic, demographic, and epidemiological variables and their reinfection status. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Rodents as natural hosts of zoonotic Schistosoma species and hybrids: an epidemiological and evolutionary perspective from West Africa. [gov.uk]

Similarly, for STHs, the following combinations were used: ‘epidemiology + Ascaris ’ , ‘epidemiology + Trichuris + Rwanda’ , ‘epidemiology + hookworm + Rwanda’ and ‘epidemiology + Ascaris + control’. [idpjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful As an aid in diagnosing schistosomiasis infections involving the urinary tract Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Now we're going to talk about schistosomiasis: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and treatment. It's important to think about the timeline of schistosomiasis. [coursera.org]

N.Z. and J.U.); Mechanisms/pathophysiology (B.J.V., D.W.D. and M.S.); Diagnosis, screening and prevention (B.J.V., M.S., D.W.D. and D.P.M.); Management (D.P.M.); Quality of life (J.U.); Outlook (D.P.M. and B.J.V.); Overview of Primer (D.P.M.). [nature.com]

The pathophysiology of PH associated with schistosomiasis is matter of debate. [ahajournals.org]

A guide to ranking the risk factors for Schistosoma mansoni reinfection would greatly contribute to prioritizing resources and focusing prevention and control measures to prevent rapid reinfection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Estimates show that at least 220.8 million people required preventive treatment in 2017. Preventive treatment, which should be repeated over a number of years, will reduce and prevent morbidity. [who.int]

Combination treatment may prevent morbidity due to schistosomiasis. Praziquantel is most active against adult worms. However, it has been found that artemether prevents the development of adult worms, thus decreasing egg production in the host. [en.wikipedia.org]

Sm -TSP-2 has great potential as a vaccine candidate to prevent schistosomiasis. [sabin.org]