In a patient presenting with hematuria and proteinuria (albuminuria), bladder biopsy demonstrated Schistosoma hematobium infection and renal biopsy showed a minimal change glomerulonephritis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the present study, a 25% reinfection rate at 9 months post-treatment was observed. [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

Presented in part: 11th International Congress of Parasitological Associations, Glasgow, Scotland, 6–11 August 2006. [academic.oup.com]

Twenty percent of the dysplastic bladders presented a mutation in Kras gene. [flipper.diff.org]

With urogenital schistosomiasis, the most common presentations are dysuria, frequency and haematuria [ 10 ]. [omicsonline.org]

• Falling

  Shiff et al. [5] found that the proportion of egg-positive individuals falls progressively with age and is a feature in populations with lifelong exposure to the parasite. [hindawi.com]

  As prevalence falls, diagnostics can identify high transmission areas, monitor disease trends, and guide evidence-based control strategies. [mmj.mw]

  Of the 16 species of schistosomes known to infest man or animals, the 5 principal ones that infect man fall into three groups that are characterized by the type of egg produced: (a) eggs with a lateral spine, e.g., S. mansoni; (b) eggs with a terminal [community.vanguardngr.com]

  Prevalence of Bacteria Isolates among School Children in Ngbo-West LGA of Ebonyi State Discussion The result of this study which showed S. haematobium infection prevalence of 79.4% in Ezza-North LGA of the Ebonyi State Nigeria, falls within the WHO classification [ispub.com]

  When stranded on dry land by a falling water level the snails make little or no attempt to escape back to the water, thus being exposed to the risk of death by desiccation or predation. [fao.org]

• Military Personnel

  Schistosomiasis in Belgian military personnel returning from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Mil Med. 2011;176(11):1341-6. [ Links ] 62. Doby JM, Rault B, Deblock S, Chabaud A. Snails and bilharziasis in Corsica. [scielo.isciii.es]

• Hepatomegaly

  Physical examination is notable for hepatomegaly, most prominent in the left hepatic lobe. She also has an urticarial rash in her left foot. [medbullets.com]

  In acute infections with heavy infection due to Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum, a mucoid bloody diarrhea accompanied by tender hepatomegaly occurs. [meddean.luc.edu]

  Ultrasound examination showed hepatomegaly and portal fibrosis. Microscopic examination revealed round or oval eggs embedded in the parenchyma of liver along with periportal fibrosis. [community.vanguardngr.com]

  Complications (for example, hepatomegaly or enlarged liver and bladder cancer) related to the disease are thought to occur due to long-term exposure to the highly antigenic eggs. [medicinenet.com]

  In addition, hepatomegaly is a common symptom in the early stages of the disease and is often accompanied by a fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and an increase of pressure in the intestinal vessels. [dovepress.com]

• Liver Fibrosis

  There are two forms of the disease, depending on the species of the infecting schistosome worm: Intestinal Schistosomiasis diarrhoea, bloody stool anaemia, stunted growth enlarged liver and spleen severe damage to the liver leading to liver fibrosis portal [eliminateschisto.org]

  If the parasites affect the liver or intestines, symptoms may include: diarrhea and constipation blood in the feces intestinal ulcers liver fibrosis portal hypertension, or high blood pressure around the digestive system If the parasites affect the urinary [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Other effects include periportal liver fibrosis, portal hypertension with haematomesis and splenomegaly caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum. [pubs.sciepub.com]

  Severe liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma mansoni: management and treatment with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015; 15(6) : 731 -7 [DOI][PubMed] 37. [intjcancermanag.com]

  Severe liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma mansoni: management and treatment with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Lancet Infect Dis; 15: 731-737. 37. Koukounari A, Donnelly CA, Sacko M, et al. 2010. [cancercontrol.info]

• Hematuria

  The hematuria and proteinuria resolved following praziquantel therapy. The pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in association with Schistosoma infection is discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The total absence of hematuria, proteinuria and leukocyturia, however, may be used to rule out heavy infections in community surveys. [brightresearch.org]

  Of the 542 schistosome infected individuals, 73 showed hematuria. [pubs.sciepub.com]

• Dysuria

  […] after their death, large numbers of calcified eggs can be found in bladder wall Diagrams / tables Images hosted on other servers: Life cycle Clinical features May clinically simulate urothelial carcinoma Symptoms are nonspecific; common symptoms are dysuria [pathologyoutlines.com]

  Urinary symptoms may include frequent urination, painful urination (dysuria), and blood in the urine (hematuria). 13. [fr.slideshare.net]

  With urogenital schistosomiasis, the most common presentations are dysuria, frequency and haematuria [ 10 ]. [omicsonline.org]

  Symptoms and signs include dysuria, urgency, terminal microscopic and gross hematuria, secondary urinary tract infections, and nonspecific pelvic pain. Chronic urinary carriage and bacteremia with salmonella can occur. [meddean.luc.edu]

  The common presenting symptoms of carcinoma ol the bladder were haematuria, pyuria, hypogastric pain, dysuria and frequency. More than a third of the patients had palpable suprapubic masses on admission. The tumours were often large and sessile. [erepository.uonbi.ac.ke]

• Red Urine

  He had recently arrived from Somalia and stated through an interpreter that with each urination he passed bright red urine. He had no other symptoms. His physical examination was normal. [nejm.org]

  Information on health of the children and schistosomiasis infection Cough, abdominal pain, bloody urine (red urine), history of schistosomiasis, worm infestation, and abdominal problems had significantly higher odds of schistosomiasis infection than other [mmj.mw]

• Macroscopic Hematuria

  Figure 1 An eight-year-old boy was referred to the nephrology clinic with a two-year history of painless, gross macroscopic hematuria. [nejm.org]

• Abdominal Pain with Urination

  Information on health of the children and schistosomiasis infection Cough, abdominal pain, bloody urine (red urine), history of schistosomiasis, worm infestation, and abdominal problems had significantly higher odds of schistosomiasis infection than other [mmj.mw]

Control is reliant on annual mass-treatment programmes, with little prospect of an anti-infection vaccine. [findaphd.com]

Each cohort will be examined before treatment and 2, 6 and 18 months after treatment. The study will be carried out in 4 primary schools; two from Machava J area and two from Costa do Sol area. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Few drugs are available for treatment of schistosomiasis. [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

[…] weeks after treatment). [bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com]

mansoni and S. japonicum ) or the bladder ( S. haematobium ) → causes an immune response leading to inflammation and fibrosis Associated conditions squamous cell bladder cancer ( S. haematobium ) portal hypertension ( S. mansoni and S. japonicum ) Prognosis [medbullets.com]

The prognosis of schistosomiasisassociated PAH is not well understood and is likely very similar to that of idiopathic PAH. [phassociation.org]

What is the prognosis (outcome) for schistosomiasis? Early antiparasitic treatment, especially with acute schistosomiasis, may allow people to recover completely without developing chronic disease. [medicinenet.com]

If someone is also infected with malaria, HIV, or hepatitis, there is a worse prognosis. Can schistosomiasis be prevented? People who travel to areas affected by schistosomiasis should avoid exposure to fresh water that is likely to be contaminated. [patient.info]

The results of this thesis provide new leads for further research on disease etiology and underlying mechanisms in Schistosoma co-infections. [openaccess.leidenuniv.nl]

Schistosoma haematobiumis the etiologic agent for urogenital schistosomiasis, a major source of morbidity and mortality for more than 112 million people worldwide. [bio-protocol.org]

[…] necrosis and ulceration, followed by fibrosis with chronic inflammatory infiltrate Epidemiology Schistosoma haematobium infection is common in Africa and the Middle East, and is the world's leading cause of hematuria Uncommon in US, except in immigrants Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Etiology: The trematodes (flukes). Schistosomes are flukes that inhabit the portal vascular system. All species have similar life cycles. [meddean.luc.edu]

Cancer 48: 2643–2648 CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar Elsebai I (1977) Parasites in the etiology of cancer: bilharziasis and bladder cancer. [link.springer.com]

A community-wide study was carried out in a co-endemic focus in the north of Senegal, combining epidemiological, ecological, immunological, and geographical analyses. This multidisciplinary approach led to several new insights. [openaccess.leidenuniv.nl]

Egg output stability and the epidemiology of Schistosoma haematobium. Part II. An analysis of the epidemiology of S. haematobium. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67, 491–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Butterworth, A. [cambridge.org]

Epidemiological studies have suggested that host immunological factors may play an important role in co-endemic areas. [research.vu.nl]

The eggs are moved progressively toward the lumen of the bladder and ureters and are eliminated with urine. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/schistosomiasis.htm EPIDEMIOLOGY S. Haematobium is found in the Middle East, India, Portugal and Africa. [flipper.diff.org]

For many decades, researchers have attempted to infer properties of the immune response from epidemiological studies, with mathematical models frequently being used to bridge the gap between immunological theory and population-level data on schistosome [researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk]

Each disease-oriented section begins with an up-to-date review of pathophysiology and then focuses on specific diseases. [books.google.de]

Pathophysiology Infection with parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma is responsible for causing schistosomiasis. [news-medical.net]

I: pathophysiology and diagnostic techniques. Neph Dial Transp 1999; 14: 2746-2753. 9. Latif, A.S. Urinogenital Infections in the Tropics (pp. 8.1–8.10). The Australasian College of Tropical medicine. 2004. [ispub.com]

[…] updated information on the extent of disease burden, communities at risk and factors associated with infection at the district and sub-district level to facilitate effective prioritization and monitoring while ensuring ownership and sustainability of prevention [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Estimates show that at least 220.8 million people required preventive treatment in 2017. Preventive treatment, which should be repeated over a number of years, will reduce and prevent morbidity. [who.int]

Prevention Unclean water sources play an essential role in the life cycle of the parasitic worms and must be addressed to improve methods of prevention. [news-medical.net]

Methods: We designed a water recreation area (WRA) to prevent transmission to school-aged children. [iths.pure.elsevier.com]