In the present study, a 25% reinfection rate at 9 months post-treatment was observed. [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

In a patient presenting with hematuria and proteinuria (albuminuria), bladder biopsy demonstrated Schistosoma hematobium infection and renal biopsy showed a minimal change glomerulonephritis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presented in part: 11th International Congress of Parasitological Associations, Glasgow, Scotland, 6–11 August 2006. [academic.oup.com]

With urogenital schistosomiasis, the most common presentations are dysuria, frequency and haematuria [ 10 ]. [omicsonline.org]

Twenty percent of the dysplastic bladders presented a mutation in Kras gene. [flipper.diff.org]

• Persistent Cough

  cough, wheezing, shortness of breath and coughing up blood nervous system or brain can cause seizures (fits), headaches, weakness and numbness in your legs, and dizziness Without treatment, affected organs can become permanently damaged. [nhs.uk]

• Hepatomegaly

  Physical examination is notable for hepatomegaly, most prominent in the left hepatic lobe. She also has an urticarial rash in her left foot. [medbullets.com]

  In acute infections with heavy infection due to Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum, a mucoid bloody diarrhea accompanied by tender hepatomegaly occurs. [meddean.luc.edu]

  Ultrasound examination showed hepatomegaly and portal fibrosis. Microscopic examination revealed round or oval eggs embedded in the parenchyma of liver along with periportal fibrosis. [community.vanguardngr.com]

  Complications (for example, hepatomegaly or enlarged liver and bladder cancer) related to the disease are thought to occur due to long-term exposure to the highly antigenic eggs. [medicinenet.com]

  Gong YY, Wilson S, Mwatha JK, Routledge MN, Castelino JM, et al. (2012) Aflatoxin exposure may contribute to chronic hepatomegaly in Kenyan school children. Environ Health Perspect 120: 893–896. View Article Google Scholar 76. [journals.plos.org]

• Hematuria

  The hematuria and proteinuria resolved following praziquantel therapy. The pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in association with Schistosoma infection is discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The total absence of hematuria, proteinuria and leukocyturia, however, may be used to rule out heavy infections in community surveys. [brightresearch.org]

  Of the 542 schistosome infected individuals, 73 showed hematuria. [pubs.sciepub.com]

• Dysuria

  […] after their death, large numbers of calcified eggs can be found in bladder wall Diagrams / tables Images hosted on other servers: Life cycle Clinical features May clinically simulate urothelial carcinoma Symptoms are nonspecific; common symptoms are dysuria [pathologyoutlines.com]

  Urinary symptoms may include frequent urination, painful urination (dysuria), and blood in the urine (hematuria). 13. [fr.slideshare.net]

  With urogenital schistosomiasis, the most common presentations are dysuria, frequency and haematuria [ 10 ]. [omicsonline.org]

  Symptoms and signs include dysuria, urgency, terminal microscopic and gross hematuria, secondary urinary tract infections, and nonspecific pelvic pain. Chronic urinary carriage and bacteremia with salmonella can occur. [meddean.luc.edu]

  The common presenting symptoms of carcinoma ol the bladder were haematuria, pyuria, hypogastric pain, dysuria and frequency. More than a third of the patients had palpable suprapubic masses on admission. The tumours were often large and sessile. [erepository.uonbi.ac.ke]

• Abdominal Pain with Urination

  Information on health of the children and schistosomiasis infection Cough, abdominal pain, bloody urine (red urine), history of schistosomiasis, worm infestation, and abdominal problems had significantly higher odds of schistosomiasis infection than other [mmj.mw]

• Macroscopic Hematuria

  Figure 1 An eight-year-old boy was referred to the nephrology clinic with a two-year history of painless, gross macroscopic hematuria. [nejm.org]

• Necator Americanus

  We used the Kato-Katz technique for the detection of eggs of STH in stool samples as described elsewhere [20] and the copro-culture technique for the detection of hookworm (Necator americanus) larvae [13, 20]. [link.springer.com]

  Globally, soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), such as hookworms ( Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus ), Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, infect 1.5 billion people [ 2 ]. [journals.plos.org]

Few drugs are available for treatment of schistosomiasis. [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

During 1987–88 data were obtained from 102 individuals on intensity of reinfection 14 weeks after treatment with praziquantel, the efficacy of treatment having been determined after 4 weeks. [cambridge.org]

[…] weeks after treatment). [bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com]

The detection of living Schistosoma haematobium eggs in a patient warrants initiation of treatment. Such medical treatment would normally be recorded in doctors' notes and/or hospital records. [clik.dva.gov.au]

Control is reliant on annual mass-treatment programmes, with little prospect of an anti-infection vaccine. [findaphd.com]

mansoni and S. japonicum ) or the bladder ( S. haematobium ) → causes an immune response leading to inflammation and fibrosis Associated conditions squamous cell bladder cancer ( S. haematobium ) portal hypertension ( S. mansoni and S. japonicum ) Prognosis [medbullets.com]

The prognosis of schistosomiasisassociated PAH is not well understood and is likely very similar to that of idiopathic PAH. [phassociation.org]

What is the prognosis (outcome) for schistosomiasis? Early antiparasitic treatment, especially with acute schistosomiasis, may allow people to recover completely without developing chronic disease. [medicinenet.com]

If someone is also infected with malaria, HIV, or hepatitis, there is a worse prognosis. Can schistosomiasis be prevented? People who travel to areas affected by schistosomiasis should avoid exposure to fresh water that is likely to be contaminated. [patient.info]

The results of this thesis provide new leads for further research on disease etiology and underlying mechanisms in Schistosoma co-infections. [openaccess.leidenuniv.nl]

Schistosoma haematobiumis the etiologic agent for urogenital schistosomiasis, a major source of morbidity and mortality for more than 112 million people worldwide. [bio-protocol.org]

[…] necrosis and ulceration, followed by fibrosis with chronic inflammatory infiltrate Epidemiology Schistosoma haematobium infection is common in Africa and the Middle East, and is the world's leading cause of hematuria Uncommon in US, except in immigrants Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Etiology: The trematodes (flukes). Schistosomes are flukes that inhabit the portal vascular system. All species have similar life cycles. [meddean.luc.edu]

A Study on the etiological factors of bilharzial bladder cancer in Egyt.6. The possible role of urinary bacteria. Tumori 1982; 64: 23-28. 32. Hicks RM, Ismail MM, Walters CL, Beecham MT, EL-Alamy MA. [ispub.com]

Egg output stability and the epidemiology of Schistosoma haematobium. Part II. An analysis of the epidemiology of S. haematobium. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67, 491–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Butterworth, A. [cambridge.org]

A community-wide study was carried out in a co-endemic focus in the north of Senegal, combining epidemiological, ecological, immunological, and geographical analyses. This multidisciplinary approach led to several new insights. [openaccess.leidenuniv.nl]

Epidemiological studies have suggested that host immunological factors may play an important role in co-endemic areas. [research.vu.nl]

The eggs are moved progressively toward the lumen of the bladder and ureters and are eliminated with urine. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/schistosomiasis.htm EPIDEMIOLOGY S. Haematobium is found in the Middle East, India, Portugal and Africa. [flipper.diff.org]

Methodology: A Community based cross sectional epidemiological survey on urinary Schistosomiasis was undertaken between November 2011 and September, 2012. [scopemed.org]

Each disease-oriented section begins with an up-to-date review of pathophysiology and then focuses on specific diseases. [books.google.de]

Pathophysiology Infection with parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma is responsible for causing schistosomiasis. [news-medical.net]

I: pathophysiology and diagnostic techniques. Neph Dial Transp 1999; 14: 2746-2753. 9. Latif, A.S. Urinogenital Infections in the Tropics (pp. 8.1–8.10). The Australasian College of Tropical medicine. 2004. [ispub.com]

[…] updated information on the extent of disease burden, communities at risk and factors associated with infection at the district and sub-district level to facilitate effective prioritization and monitoring while ensuring ownership and sustainability of prevention [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Unclean water sources play an essential role in the life cycle of the parasitic worms and must be addressed to improve methods of prevention. [news-medical.net]

Preventing schistosomiasis There's no vaccine for schistosomiasis, so it's important to be aware of the risks and take precautions to avoid exposure to contaminated water. [nhs.uk]

Estimates show that at least 220.8 million people required preventive treatment in 2017. Preventive treatment, which should be repeated over a number of years, will reduce and prevent morbidity. [who.int]