Presentation
People with Schizotypal Personality Disorder have a reduced capacity for closeness with others which is present from an early age. They often have distorted or eccentric thinking, perceptions, and behaviours that can make them appear odd. [bpdworld.org]
If the term is used, three or four of the typical features listed above should have been present, continuously or episodically, for at least 2 years. The individual must never have met criteria for schizophrenia itself. [en.wikipedia.org]
In an influential study, Strauss ( 11 ) observed in a sample of patients that symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions could often not be classified as unambiguously present or absent. [frontiersin.org]
Gastrointestinal
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Polydipsia
Transient psychosis with psychogenic polydipsia in schizotypal patient taking fluoxetine. Psychosomatics. 1998; 39 :295–296. doi: 10.1016/S0033-3182(98)71349-0. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] 65. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Psychiatrical
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Fear
[…] perceptions including bodily illusions Odd speech and thinking Suspiciousness or paranoia Affect that is inappropriate or constricted Few close friends or confidants, other than relatives Social anxiety which does not improve with familiarity; paranoid fears [bpdworld.org]
The difference between the two seems to be that those labeled as schizotypal avoid social interaction because of a deep-seated fear of people. [en.wikipedia.org]
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Anhedonia
Social anhedonia and schizotypy in a community sample: the Maryland longitudinal study of schizotypy. Schizophr Bull (2011) 37 :587–602. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp107 Pubmed Abstract Pubmed Full Text CrossRef Full Text 202. [frontiersin.org]
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Depersonalization
[…] or magical thinking, influencing behavior and inconsistent with subcultural norms; Suspiciousness or paranoid ideas; Obsessive ruminations without inner resistance; Unusual perceptual experiences including somatosensory (bodily) or other illusions, depersonalization [en.wikipedia.org]
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Anhedonia
Social anhedonia and schizotypy in a community sample: the Maryland longitudinal study of schizotypy. Schizophr Bull (2011) 37 :587–602. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp107 Pubmed Abstract Pubmed Full Text CrossRef Full Text 202. [frontiersin.org]
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Depersonalization
[…] or magical thinking, influencing behavior and inconsistent with subcultural norms; Suspiciousness or paranoid ideas; Obsessive ruminations without inner resistance; Unusual perceptual experiences including somatosensory (bodily) or other illusions, depersonalization [en.wikipedia.org]
Neurologic
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Neglect
can lead to the development of schizotypal traits. [7] [8] Neglect or abuse, trauma, or family dysfunction during childhood may increase the risk of developing schizotypal personality disorder. [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
Treatment Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Options include: Counseling Counseling is often beneficial for people with schizotypal personality disorder. [winchesterhospital.org]
A randomized clinical trial of integrated treatment and standard treatment. Schizophr. Res. 2006; 83 :29–40. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.01.002. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] 69. Karterud S, et al. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
SPD stands at a unique crossroads in the characterization and treatment of psychopathology in that it is conceptualized both as stable personality pathology and also as a milder manifestation of schizophrenia. [oxfordhandbooks.com]
[…] homicides in Greek prisons. ( 30116288 ) Apostolopoulos A...Douzenis A 2018 12 Multiple Frequency Bands Analysis of Large Scale Intrinsic Brain Networks and Its Application in Schizotypal Personality Disorder. ( 30123120 ) Qi S...Wu J 2018 13 Diagnosis and treatment [malacards.org]
Also, STPD is characterized by a lifelong pattern without much change whereas simple schizophrenia represents a deterioration. [23] Treatment [ edit ] Medication [ edit ] STPD is rarely seen as the primary reason for treatment in a clinical setting, but [en.wikipedia.org]
Etiology
SPD’s etiological relation with schizophrenia is supported by extensive genetic, neurobiological, neurocognitive, psychosocial, and clinical research. [oxfordhandbooks.com]
Introduction Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric condition with unknown etiology characterized by positive symptoms (such as hallucinations and delusions), negative symptoms (such as avolition and psychomotor poverty), and thought disorder as well [frontiersin.org]
"Schizophrenia: Etiology and Course". Annual Review of Psychology. Annual Reviews. 55 (1): 401–430. doi : 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141950. ISSN 0066-4308. PMID 14744221. Raine, A. (2006). [en.wikipedia.org]
Epidemiology
"Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Results From the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions". [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder: results from the wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Prim. Care. Companion J. Clin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
Prevention There are no current guidelines to prevent schizotypal personality disorder because the cause is unknown. [winchesterhospital.org]