She presented to us with pronounced eye manifestation which on further inquiry and investigation was found to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. There was perforation of left globe on presentation and the right one was preserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Medical answers. // Arthritis Today;Jan/Feb92, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p56 Presents answers to questions on arthritis. [connection.ebscohost.com]

Ophthalmic presentations include Sjogren's syndrome, episcleritis, and scleritis. [unboundmedicine.com]

• Prolonged Immobilization

  However, since one of the patient's legs was already in a cast from spontaneous Achilles tendon rupture and she had severe rheumatoid lung disease and difficulty ambulating, prolonged immobilization after harvesting periosteum or fascia lata was not considered [healio.com]

• Nasal Discharge

  She had nasal obstruction, foul smelling nasal discharge, rhinitis, bilateral maxillary sinusitis. There was sclera thinning and peripheral corneal thinning in the upper nasal quadrant in the left eye. Visual acuity was normal in the left eye. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Halitosis

  Left eye showing scleral thinning in the upper nasal quadrant with visible uveal tissue(thick arrow) and peripheral corneal thinning in the upper and lower part of limbus(thin arrow) Halitosis and saddle nose deformity were noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hypertension

  Anterior Chamber Brain and Optical Pathway Choroid Congenital Syndromes, Malformations and Abnomalities Conjunctiva Cornea Glaucomas, Ocular Hypertension Hypertensive Retinopathy Iris and Ciliary Body Lacrimal System Lens Lids Neuro-Ophthalmology Optic [atlasophthalmology.net]

  She developed steroid induced diabetes and hypertension in September 1993, and she was treated with oral hypoglycemic and anti hypertensive agents. Cyclophosphamide and prednisolone were tapered slowly and stopped in June 1999. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Statistical attributes of the steroid hypertensive response in the clinically normal eye. I. The demonstration of three levels of response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1965 Apr;4:187-97. [reviewofoptometry.com]

  She had been treated for hypertension and coronary artery disease for seven years and osteoarthritis for 20 years. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 6/36 in the right eye and 6/15 in the left eye. [ijo.in]

  In addition to scleritis, myalgias, weight loss, fever, purpura, nephropathy and hypertension may be signs of polyarteritis nodosa. Symptoms A severe pain that may involve the eye and orbit is usually present. [eyewiki.aao.org]

• Cranial Neuropathy

  nasolacrimal duct obstruction, orbital inflammatory disease and ocular motor cranial neuropathy [1] - [8]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Amenorrhea

  She also complained of dry mouth, oral ulcers, and there was a history of stillbirth in eighth month of gestational amenorrhea 1 year back. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnosis, Workup and Treatment Further investigation into the patient’s ocular history found that he had undergone the I-Brite eye-whitening procedure four years prior to presentation. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

Laboratory testing As scleritis may occur in association with many systemic diseases, laboratory workup may be extensive. [eyewiki.aao.org]

GPA is often overlooked due to its rare incidence—just three cases per 100,000 people. 3 Approximately 10% of patients with GPA develop scleritis, so ANCA testing should be included in the workup of these patients. 4 In addition to GPA, rheumatoid arthritis [reviewofoptometry.com]

1 Treatment of Progressive Scleromalacia Perforans by Tectonic Enhancement With Lyophilized Equine Pericardium. 62 32925429 2021 2 Leprosy mimicking rheumatoid vasculitis with scleromalacia perforans. 62 Manoj M...Dhakad U 32624492 2020 3 Scleromalacia [malacards.org]

The ophthalmological examination establishes the diagno… Infliximab treatment in a case of rheumatoid scleromalacia perforans. [unboundmedicine.com]

Rheumatoid nodules mimicking metastatic anal carcinoma in a patient undergoing multimodality treatment. [connection.ebscohost.com]

Treatment of Scleromalacia Perforans The usual treatment of Scleromalacia Perforans includes the use of both the topical and systemic medications. [webeyeclinic.com]

Treatment and prognosis The condition is usually asymptomatic. Rupture of the globe is rare and usually only seen in those with coexisting markedly elevated intraocular pressure, i.e. severe glaucoma 1. [radiopaedia.org]

Prognosis and Outcomes Scleromalacia Perforans has a good outcome provided the condition is diagnosed at an early stage and treatment started before any complication arises. [webeyeclinic.com]

Prognosis Gradual reduction of vision is mainly due to progressive astigmatism. References ↑ American Academy of Ophthalmology. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Erhardt CC et al. (1989) Factors predicting a poor life prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis: an eight year prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis 48 : 7–13 31. [nature.com]

Prognosis Necrotizing scleritis, the most destructive type of scleritis, and scleritis with extensive scleral thinning or perforation convey less favorable prognoses than other types of scleritis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

The etiology is obscure.>An area in the sclera first undergoes a simple necrosis. This area is surrended by epitheloid cells. [myslide.es]

The etiology is commonly idiopathic or autoimmune but some cases are associated with systemic infection such as tuberculosis. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

In our case, our patient was treated initially as an infective etiology and lost one eye quickly during the course of the disease. Other common complications include scleral thinning and globe rupture with minor trauma [14]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Document type Article Language Italian Keyword (fr) GLAUCOME ANGLE OUVERT SCLERITE NECROGRANULOMATEUSE OEIL PATHOLOGIE SCLEROTIQUE ETIOLOGIE COMPLICATION HOMME OPHTALMOLOGIE Keyword (en) OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA SCLEROMALACIA PERFORMANS EYE DISEASE SCLERA ETIOLOGY [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

Hodson K, Galor A, Karp K, et al., Epidemiology and visual outcomes in patients with infectious scleritis, Cornea, 2013;32:466–72. 6. [touchophthalmology.com]

Tuberculosis Gout Lyme disease Foreign body Hypertension Surgically-induced scleritis is a rare complication following ophthalmologic procedures such as the following: Cataract surgery Pterygium excision Strabismus surgery Retinal detachment repair.ref16} Epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology Young and Watson suggest three determinants of scleral destruction: activation of scleral fibrocytes and resorption of pericellular matrix, infiltration of the scleral stroma by inflammatory cells, prolonged local vaso-occlusion. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Pathophysiology The sclera, which consists of collagen and elastic connective tissue, provides a tough protective casing around the eye. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Glaucoma implant surgery using autogenous fascia lata to form a healthy ground and a patch graft to prevent tube erosion seems to be a safe and effective method when normal sclera is lacking, such as in scleromalacia perforans. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

/Avoidable - 0% Emergent - ED Care Needed - Not Preventable/Avoidable - 0% Primary diagnosis of injury 0% Primary diagnosis of mental health problems 0% Primary diagnosis of substance abuse 0% Primary diagnosis of Alcohol 0% Unclassified 100% Health Topic [codelay.com]

Treating underlying autoimmune conditions that might cause scleritis is also important in preventing future problems with the sclera. [healthline.com]