Presentation
The next section presents a world tour of “scorpionism” and dangerous scorpion species and their impact on human health. [link.springer.com]
When disturbed, the fish spread and display their fins and, if further pressed, will present and attack with the dorsal spines. [britannica.com]
(LOND.) 1 Dungog, New South Wales 'Present address: Hammersmith Hospital, London. [mpatkin.org]
Divers will encounter them peering from a crevice or hole and, as they present a safe haven, morays will not flee, but defend their own, very aggressively. Their bite is exceptionally painful and wounds take long to heal. [ronjenjehrvatska.com]
You simply wash the affected area with warm water and then soak in the hottest water you can stand for 90minutes – heat inactivates at least one of the toxins present in the venom to relieve the pain. [master-divers.com]
Entire Body System
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Fever
Call your child's healthcare provider immediately if: Symptoms such as weakness, chills, fever, or vomiting develop. [summitmedicalgroup.com]
They can cause severe prolonged pain, fever, vomiting, slowing of heart rate, difficulty breathing and in some rare cases even death. Return to the sea without touching it. [holidays-majorca.co.uk]
[…] at the site of the sting Lighter color of the area around the site of the sting Color of the area changes as the amount of oxygen supplying the area decreases Stomach and intestines Abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Nervous system Fainting Fever [stlukes-stl.com]
Symptoms of this type of poisoning generally involve several days of gastrointestinal upset and sometimes fever. Shellfish in Florida can also be contaminated with naturally occurring marine toxins. [floridapoisoncontrol.org]
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Nightmare
More severe reactions can be seen, with anxiety, shaking, respiratory or digestive disorders and even nightmares if the sting is not treated. [baignades.sante.gouv.fr]
Jaw & Teeth
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Small Teeth
Having distinctly small teeth, they usually prey on crustaceans and fishes. [mauioceancenter.com]
Skin
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Skin Lesion
Most skin lesions will heal without any interventions, but more severe and necrotic lesions need local dressings. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions can be treated with topical corticosteroids. [nps.org.au]
Musculoskeletal
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Myalgia
[…] infusion Give oxygen, IV fluids and administer IM adrenaline 0.01 mg/kg(max 0.5 mg) to lateral thigh Serum sickness This relatively benign and self limiting complication may occur 5–10 days after antivenom Manifestations include fever, rash, arthralgia and myalgia [lifeinthefastlane.com]
Only a few patients develop systemic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, myalgia and rarely respiratory distress. 3 Treatment of bluebottle stings The bluebottle should be washed off with seawater or carefully removed and then the sting [nps.org.au]
Psychiatrical
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Fear
At this poing fearing an allergic or anaphylactic reaction i went back to the boat. The nest 30 minutes were the longest of my life. I vomited several times from the pain and could get no relief. [reefcentral.com]
On the way to the baro-traumatic center Still in tears, always cold, pain and fear, I step with Didier and Ahmed in the van. [differentdive.com]
A poisonous tropical fish with the potential to kill humans may be spreading in the Mediterranean, alarming conservationists who fear the creature could decimate other species in the ecosystem. [dw.com]
In 2003, Jason founded the fishing forum Bloodydecks.com, as a place where fishermen could speak their mind without the fear of censorship. Over the years, Bloodydecks grew into the largest saltwater fishing community on the net. [bdoutdoors.com]
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Fussiness
Generally speaking, scorpionfish are not very fussy about their lighting requirements. [lionfishlair.com]
Neurologic
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Seizure
Redness, bruising, swelling, numbness, tingling, and tissue shedding at the wound site Severe reactions include: Nausea Vomiting Abdominal cramps Tremors Abnormal heart rhythms Weakness Shortness of breath Seizures Decreased blood pressure Fainting Paralysis [webmd.com]
Severe reactions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, tremors, abnormal heart rhythms, weakness, headache, diarrhea, slow heart rate (bradycardia), shortness of breath, seizures, decreased blood pressure, fainting, and paralysis. [emedicinehealth.com]
Gastrointestinal – Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhea Respiratory – Shortness of breath, heart and vascular, change in blood pressure and heart beat – both slower or faster Fainting, delirium, seizures or paralysis First Aid The poison can be destroyed by [destination-scuba.com]
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Forgetful
Predators, including humans, stung by these scorpionfish, don't forget that colorful flash -- or the pain of the sting. Fortunately, the sting of the devil scorpionfish is not deadly, nor is any scorpionfish sting in Hawaii. [susanscott.net]
Or did I forget it because its that insane. __________________ -Ralph Anglers, Scorps, & Mantis Shrimp, Oh My! Current Tank Info: 90RR Wrasse FOWLR [reefcentral.com]
"Either we do eradication, or we do control - but we can forget about eradication," he said. In light of how overfished the Mediterranean already is, encouraging more fishing generally is not a good idea, Lundin said. [dw.com]
Do not forget you can call your regional poison control center for advice (1-800-222-1222). Anytime your child has continued or worsening swelling, difficulty breathing or swallowing, or severe pain. [kidemergencies.com]
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Flaccid Paralysis
In severe cases there is rapid progression to a flaccid paralysis and respiratory failure. Early basic resuscitation to provide ventilatory support is essential in severe envenoming. [nps.org.au]
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Slurred Speech
Early symptoms include blurred vision, joint pains, vomiting, increased salivation, thickening of the tongue and slurred speech. More severe symptoms may include paralysis, difficulty breathing, brown urine, double vision and lock jaw. [oceans5dive.com]
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Shuffling Gait
Shoes or booties may provide some protection; however, it is best to avoid touching the sea bottom or to use a shuffling gait while wading. Courtesy Dee Scarr. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Workup
T Wave
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T Wave Inversion
In more severe cases there can be cardiac involvement with ECG changes (T wave inversion and ST segment depression), progressing to myocardial depression with elevated troponin and then cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and cardiogenic shock. [nps.org.au]
Treatment
First Aid and Treatment 1. Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic. [snorkelstj.com]
These are placed in 1-4% formalin and then examined under the microscope. 7 Treatment of Irukandji syndrome The mainstay of treatment for Irukandji syndrome is supportive care and pain relief. [nps.org.au]
Prognosis
This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and does not substitute for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prescription, and/or dietary advice from a licensed health professional. [patientslounge.com]
[…] support, including oxygen, tube through the mouth into the throat, and breathing machine Chest x-ray EKG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing) Fluids through a vein (by IV) Medicine to reverse the effect of the venom Medicine to treat symptoms Outlook (Prognosis [stlukes-stl.com]
Etiology
(Etiology) Scorpionfish Stings release a poisonous chemical into the human skin through their spine, which can affect the human body Depending on the amount of poison injected, the severity of the signs and symptoms is dictated What are the Signs and [dovemed.com]
Epidemiology
2014. ( 29799424 ) Dufour-Gaume F....Milleliri J.M. 2018 2 A Relationship Between Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics in Children With Severe Scorpion Envenomation in A8ukurova, Turkey. ( 29698349 ) GAPkay S.S....A9 Horoz A.9. 2018 3 Update on the Epidemiology [malacards.org]
Epidemiology United States The true number of Scorpaenidae envenomations is unknown. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of scorpionism by Tityus trivittatus in Argentina. Toxicon, 41, 971-977. Devaux C. & Rochat H. (2002). Bases théoriques et expérimentales du traitement des envenimations scorpioniques. [memoireonline.com]
"Injuries Caused by Scorpionfishes (Scorpaena Plumieri Bloch, 1789 and Scorpaena Brasiliensis Cuvier, 1829) in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Brazilian Coast): Epidemiologic, Clinic and Therapeutic Aspects of 23 Stings in Humans." [lamar.edu]
This discrepancy can be somewhat explained by the fact that fish do not seem to pose as large a threat from an epidemiological point of view [ 1 ]. [jvat.biomedcentral.com]
Pathophysiology
The subjects are divided into seven sections starting with an introduction to the general aspects of scorpion biology and ecology, followed by the description of the “envenomation” pathophysiology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of venoms and [link.springer.com]
[…] envenomation. ( 29445656 ) Sanaei-Zadeh H....Dehghani R. 2017 9 Successful Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for the Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock due to Scorpion Envenomation. ( 28536661 ) Tarmiz A....Jerbi S. 2017 10 Severe scorpion envenomation: pathophysiology [malacards.org]
(Eds.), The Kidney: Physiology & Pathophysiology, third ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 237–249. Waterman, S.A., 1996. [kundoc.com]
Pathophysiology Common to the family Scorpaenidae are 12-13 dorsal spines, two pelvic spines, and three anal spines. Each spine is associated with a pair of venom glands. A loose integumentary sheath covers each spine. [emedicine.medscape.com]
This article considers the pathophysiology, clinical picture and therapy of scorpion venom poisoning in children. Scorpions live in warm dry regions throughout India. [indianpediatrics.net]
Prevention
Prevention: Shuffling feet when entering the water and not touching the sea floor may prevent injury from a scorpionfish. Symptoms: Swelling and intense pain. Seek immediate medical attention if allergic reaction occurs. [nps.gov]
Caution should be used to prevent scalding the skin which can easily occur after a brief period in water above 122ºF (50ºC). 3. Clean the wound of all foreign objects. Use an antibiotic ointment to prevent infection. [snorkelstj.com]
This should prevent you from being stung in the foot by any hidden fish. [healdove.com]
Weight-bearing surfaces may require removal of spines to prevent chronic pain. Always irrigate copiously after adequate anesthesia. [emedicine.medscape.com]