Presentation of the case A 65-year-old man presented in Beira Central Hospital, Mozambique, with a right scrotal mass (diameter 80 x 80 cm), evolved over 15 years. [journals.plos.org]

Case presentation We present a case of a 40-year-old European man with massive elephantiasis of the scrotum attributed to chronic inflammation of the lower urinary tract caused by urinary outlet obstruction and diabetes mellitus. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Abstract Isolated penile and scrotal elephantiasis presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report a case of chronic penile and scrotal elephantiasis caused by indolent Chlamydia trachomatis infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Dermoscopy in the present case revealed varied colors of lacunae and nodules. [mdpi.com]

• Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection

  Suprapubic cystostomy had been performed outside our institution ten years ago due to residual urine and recurrent urinary tract infections. There was no history of sexual contact, surgery, irradiation or travel. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

• Scrotal Pain

  Englisch-Deutsch 131 scrotal hypospadias Fachwörterbuch Medizin Englisch-Deutsch 132 scrotal lymphangitis Fachwörterbuch Medizin Englisch-Deutsch 133 scrotal pain Fachwörterbuch Medizin Englisch-Deutsch 134 scrotal raphe Hodensacknaht f, Raphe f scroti [translate.academic.ru]

  For that reason any acute scrotal pain with edema requires urgent and specialized evaluation. [lymphedemapeople.com]

In endemic areas, thorough workup of the patient needs to be done, as in the present case, to rule out this cause. Other important differential diagnoses include herpes, molluscum contagiosum and verrucae. [mdpi.com]

Surgical treatment of penile-scrotal elephantiasis.Prog Urol. 2002; 12: 337-339 Dandapat M.C. Mohapatro S.K. Patro S.K. [goldjournal.net]

One year after surgical treatment, the patient is healthy without recurrence signs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Various surgical methods for treatment of HS have been described. [urologyannals.com]

[…] compared to treatment of single infection with bancroftian filariasis. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Treatment can be carried out without affecting the child’s education as intensive treatment can be performed during school vacations. [medical-case-reports.imedpub.com]

Treatment and prognosis Treatment options include diethylcarbamazine (DEC) 6 mg/kg body weight in combination with albendazole. Complications Grossly dilated lymphatics and edema progressing to elephantiasis. [radiopaedia.org]

Each patient's treatment and prognosis are summarized in Table 1.[3,11–17] Timely surgical intervention is necessary to achieve good prognosis for secondary urogenital diseases. Table 1: Clinical features in eight cases. [journals.lww.com]

Prognosis depends on early and urgent surgical management. You may thus request that your data, should it be inaccurate, incomplete, unclear, outdated, not be used or stored, be corrected, clarified, updated or deleted. [santicavision.info]

References : Lymphatic filariasis: Guidance for evaluation and treatment Lymphatic filariasis: Prognosis [flipper.diff.org]

PCR methods have recently been found useful for diagnosis of culture negative cases. 56 The prognosis for fertility following tuberculous salpingitis is poor 57 and the risk of ectopic pregnancy is increased. [sti.bmj.com]

The etiology of the lymphedema usually determines the natural course and the therapeutic approach. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Although genetic causes were searched and the possible role of infectious agents and compressive factors was evaluated, no etiology was ascertained. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Giant scrotal elephantiasis with unknown etiology. Annals of plastic surgery. 2005 Jun;54(6):685-6. PubMed PMID: 15900164. [turkplastsurg.org]

Infectious etiologies of genital elephantiasis outside of filariasis endemic regions: a case report. [afju.springeropen.com]

In addition to providing detailed descriptions of these agents, this text deals with the clinical diseases they cause, their modes of acquisition, transmission and epidemiology, and their pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. [books.google.com]

Looking at the epidemiological and clinical findings, we made a diagnosis of penoscrotal elephantiasis. The patient had taken a dose of anti filarial drugs (albendazol and ivermectin). [bacandrology.biomedcentral.com]

( 26281791 ) 2015 35 Epidemiology of elephantiasis with special emphasis on podoconiosis in Ethiopia: A literature review. ( 26119541 ) 2015 36 Massive Soft Tissue Neurofibroma (Elephantiasis Neuromatosa): Case Report and Review of Literature. ( 25694465 [malacards.org]

Descriptive epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996;90:26–30. 7. Dunyo SK, Appawu M, Nkrumah FK, Baffoe-Wilmot A, Pedersen EM, Simonsen PE et al. Lymphatic filariasis on the coast of Ghana. [jmedtropics.org]

After briefly presenting an overview of the demography of subfecundity, this book goes on exploring the pathophysiology and effect on fecundity of various diseases, which are classified into three groups. [books.google.com]

Pathophysiology The pathophysiology is permanent lymphatic dilatation and dysfunction. This leads to swelling and secondary infections resulting in chronic skin changes and continued risk of infection. [dermatologyadvisor.com]

Large-scale treatment (preventive chemotherapy) Elimination of lymphatic filariasis is possible by stopping the spread of the infection through preventive chemotherapy. [who.int]

Chapter 69 Surrogate Markers of Antiretroviral Efficacy 826 Overcoming Barriers to Providing ARV Therapy in ResourceLimited Settings 831 Chapter 71 Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV Prevention 836 Chapter 72 Acute HIV Infection 843 Chapter 73 Opportunistic [books.google.com]

Preventing it is a lot more straightforward and involves taking medication just once a year. But even that has met with some resistance in coastal communities, said Severini Tarimo. [news.bbc.co.uk]

Testing the blood serum for antibodies against the disease may also be used.[4] Prevention[edit] The present objective of prevention is the eradication of lymphatic filariasis. [en.wikipedia.org]