Presentation
Entire Body System
- Infertility
[…] or decreasing their use may improve outcomes including pain.[58] Some people with chronic pain benefit from opioid treatment and others do not; some are harmed by the treatment.[8] Possible harms include reduced sex hormone production, hypogonadism, infertility [en.wikipedia.org]
Neurologic
- Headache
"A Systematic Review of Atypical Antipsychotics in Chronic Pain Management: Olanzapine Demonstrates Potential in Central Sensitization, Fibromyalgia, and Headache/Migraine". [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
Controlled trial of hypnotherapy in the treatment of refractory fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 1991 Jan;18(1):72-5. 16. Hypnotic treatment synergizes the psychological treatment of fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Martínez-Valero C, Castel A, et al. [passeportsante.net]
Brief mindfulness-based treatment approaches have been used, but they are not yet recommended as a first-line treatment.[51] The effectiveness of mindfulness-based pain management (MBPM) has been supported by a range of studies.[52][53][54] Among older [en.wikipedia.org]
Etiology
Antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in fibromyalgia: etiologic and therapeutic concerns. Rheumatol Int. 2006 May;26(7):598-603. Epub 2005 Nov 10. 50. Pizzorno JE Jr, Murray Michael T (Ed). [passeportsante.net]
Epidemiology
"A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity". Rheumatology International. 32 (6): 1491–502. doi:10.1007/s00296-011-2263-6. PMC 3364420. [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology
[…] peripheral" (originating in the peripheral nervous system) and "central" (originating in the brain or spinal cord).[19] Peripheral neuropathic pain is often described as "burning", "tingling", "electrical", "stabbing", or "pins and needles".[20] Causes[edit] Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
"National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: the role of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain". Annals of Internal Medicine. 162 (4): 295–300. doi:10.7326/M14-2775. [en.wikipedia.org]