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Secondary Glaucoma
Glaucoma Secondary

Presentation

Despite radiotherapy, the CNS disease progressed, and the patient died 19 months after the presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Entire Body System

  • Severe Pain

    Here, the eye's drainage system gets suddenly blocked, swelling and reddening the affected eye and causing acute severe pain that often comes with nausea, diminished vision (central and side), and perceived halos around lights. [eyespecialists.org]

    pain and blurring of vision following any intraocular operation 27.  On examination,  Persistent flat anterior chamber  Markedly raised IOP  Unresponsiveness or even aggravation by miotics  Phakic, aphakic or pseudophakic  Treatment –  Medical [slideshare.net]

    While each person may experience symptoms differently, they may include: Blurred or narrowed field of vision Severe pain in the eye(s) Haloes (which may appear as rainbows) around lights Nausea Vomiting Headache The symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma [ohsu.edu]

    You should call your doctor immediately if you begin experiencing symptoms, such as severe pain, nausea, and blurred vision. [healthline.com]

    If you have severe eye pain or a sudden loss of vision, get immediate medical help. These may be signs of closed-angle glaucoma. You cannot prevent open-angle glaucoma. Most people have no symptoms. But you can help prevent vision loss. [nlm.nih.gov]

  • Asymptomatic

    However, when the eye pressure is only slightly high, it may be completely asymptomatic and cases delay in the diagnosis. [kersleyeyeclinic.com]

    Symptoms of Glaucoma It is important to remember that patients with early-stage glaucoma are usually asymptomatic. When symptoms occur, they vary depending on the type of glaucoma, and can occur in one eye or both eyes. [hartzelleye.com]

    These patients typically have asymptomatic progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy with corresponding visual field defects developing over time. [eyewiki.aao.org]

    Glaucoma Progression Often asymptomatic at its onset, glaucoma may be undetectable until vision is impaired. [docshop.com]

    These routine screening eye examinations are mandatory since glaucoma usually causes no symptoms (asymptomatic) in its early stages. Once damage to the optic nerve has occurred, it cannot be reversed. [medicinenet.com]

  • Weakness

    He also complained of having fatigue, general weakness, and disequilibrium. His visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally. His intraocular pressures were 34 mm Hg oculus dexter (OD) and 35 mm Hg oculus sinister (OS). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    However, it can be assumed that the cause of secondary glaucoma may be: trauma to the eye, rubeosis – abnormalities in the blood vessels inside the eye resulting from diabetes, venous or arterial blockage inside the eye, weak flow in the carotid arteries [health-factbook.com]

    The eye is inflamed with significant corneal edema, a shallow anterior chamber, an atrophic and atonic iris that is difficult to dilate, and possible zonular weakness. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Gastrointestinal

  • Nausea

    In the latter, the symptoms are those of acute glaucoma : ocular pain, which can extend to the nape of the neck and trigeminal, blurred vision, pupil dilation, change in iris colour, corneal hardening, nausea and vomiting, etc. [fernandez-vega.com]

    […] not demonstrate any signs of, or be related to various symptoms: photophobia, tearing eyes appearing repeatedly, the appearance of gloom or rainbow wheels when looking at the sources of light, vision problems in the dark, eye pain, often very strong, nausea [health-factbook.com]

    Symptoms can include sudden eye pain, nausea, headaches, and blurred vision. If you experience these symptoms, you should seek immediate medical treatment. [visionaware.org]

    Symptoms include headache, intense eye pain, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and halos. [docshop.com]

    You should call your doctor immediately if you begin experiencing symptoms, such as severe pain, nausea, and blurred vision. [healthline.com]

  • Vomiting

    In the latter, the symptoms are those of acute glaucoma : ocular pain, which can extend to the nape of the neck and trigeminal, blurred vision, pupil dilation, change in iris colour, corneal hardening, nausea and vomiting, etc. [fernandez-vega.com]

    […] of, or be related to various symptoms: photophobia, tearing eyes appearing repeatedly, the appearance of gloom or rainbow wheels when looking at the sources of light, vision problems in the dark, eye pain, often very strong, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting [health-factbook.com]

    Symptoms include headache, intense eye pain, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and halos. [docshop.com]

    Symptoms include severe eye pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, nausea and vomiting. Treatment is needed immediately to minimize optic nerve damage. Angle closure glaucoma is usually treated with laser or microsurgery. [associatedeyecare.com]

    The symptoms of open-angle glaucoma include the following: Dim or blurred vision Gradual loss of peripheral vision Tunnel vision (at advanced stages) The symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma can be eye-related or systemic: Severe eye pain Nausea and vomiting [hartzelleye.com]

Cardiovascular

  • Hypotension

    Secondary glaucoma results from numerous ocular or systemic disorders and shows a poor IOP control with ocular hypotensive agents or filtering surgery in its late stages. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Brimonidine has the most well-established side effect profile in children, causing bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, hypotonia and apnea in infants and severe lethargy in toddlers.16 Because of these side effects, its use is limited in the pediatric [reviewofophthalmology.com]

    It is also recommended that systemic blood pressure be monitored over 24 hours, as NTG may be associated with nocturnal systemic hypotension and a significant nocturnal drop warrants a review of antihypertensive medication (calcium-channel blockers are [patient.info]

    "The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: A randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma." Archives of Ophthalmology 120.6 (2002): 701-713. Katz, L. J., et al. [medicinenet.com]

Eyes

  • Blurred Vision

    A 33-year-old woman experienced blurred vision in her left eye. Intraocular pressure of the left eye was elevated accompanied with a very shallow anterior chamber. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Sudden visual disturbance Blurred vision Halos around lights Red eyes Headache Either type of glaucoma can be primary or secondary disorder. [hartzelleye.com]

    In the latter, the symptoms are those of acute glaucoma : ocular pain, which can extend to the nape of the neck and trigeminal, blurred vision, pupil dilation, change in iris colour, corneal hardening, nausea and vomiting, etc. [fernandez-vega.com]

    If you do notice any symptoms, they might include blurred vision, or seeing rainbow-coloured circles around bright lights. Both eyes are usually affected, although it may be worse in one eye. [nhs.uk]

  • Redness of Eye

    Cloudiness of the front of the eye Enlargement of one eye or both eyes Red eye Sensitivity to light Tearing SECONDARY GLAUCOMA Symptoms are most often related to the underlying problem causing the glaucoma. [nlm.nih.gov]

    An attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma may be associated with severe eye pain and headache, a red (inflamed) eye, nausea, vomiting, and blurry vision. [medicinenet.com]

  • Lacrimation

    The aqueous humor should not be confused with tears, which are produced by the lacrimal glands under the upper eyelid outside of the eyeball itself. [medicinenet.com]

  • Visual Acuity Decreased

    For one of these three eyes, visual acuity decreased to no light perception. But the remaining two eyes maintained better than 20/100 visual acuity, according to the study. [healio.com]

Neurologic

  • Headache

    […] related to various symptoms: photophobia, tearing eyes appearing repeatedly, the appearance of gloom or rainbow wheels when looking at the sources of light, vision problems in the dark, eye pain, often very strong, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headaches [health-factbook.com]

    Symptoms can include sudden eye pain, nausea, headaches, and blurred vision. If you experience these symptoms, you should seek immediate medical treatment. [visionaware.org]

    Symptoms include headache, intense eye pain, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and halos. [docshop.com]

    Some people may have eye redness, discomfort, blurred vision, or a headache that lessens with sleep. The eye pressure may be normal but usually is higher in the affected eye. [merckmanuals.com]

    […] vision Gradual loss of peripheral vision Tunnel vision (at advanced stages) The symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma can be eye-related or systemic: Severe eye pain Nausea and vomiting Sudden visual disturbance Blurred vision Halos around lights Red eyes Headache [hartzelleye.com]

  • Irritability

    Additional features may include flat irides, iridodonesis, axial myopia, very deep anterior chambers, miotic, oval pupils without well-defined borders, ocular pain and irritability manifesting as conjunctival injection, corneal edema and central scarring [orpha.net]

    Peters' Profile Blog Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Nutrition IBS is characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel movements. [harvardvanguard.org]

    Once the wound is closed, tissue inside the eye can become swollen and irritated, and bleeding can occur, causing the eye pressure to rise. Short term rises in eye pressure are controlled in ways similar to cases of blunt trauma. [glaucoma.org]

    Side effects of eye drops include redness, stinging, irritation and blurred vision. A common side effect of oral medications is fatigue. Medication requires regular use to keep eye pressure under control. [hartzelleye.com]

    Side effects of the medication may result in redness, stinging, irritation or blurry vision. Patients should advise their doctor about any medications they are taking or any allergies they have to minimize the risk of side effects. [drpmcgann.com]

  • Confusion

    Beta-blockers Timolol Betaxolol Carteolol Levobetaxalol Levobunolol Metipranolol Shortness of breath in people with asthma or other lung disorders that cause wheezing Slow heart beat Insomnia Fatigue Depression Confusion Sexual dysfunction See table: [merckmanuals.com]

    The aqueous humor should not be confused with tears, which are produced by the lacrimal glands under the upper eyelid outside of the eyeball itself. [medicinenet.com]

    Adherence to medication protocol can be confusing and expensive; if side effects occur, the patient must be willing either to tolerate them or to communicate with the treating physician to improve the drug regimen. [en.wikipedia.org]

  • Mydriasis

    (Top right) Following mydriasis elongated ciliary processes can be seen being pulled into the mass. (Bottom right) Gonioscopy demonstrates traction and elongation of the ciliary processes. [clinicalgate.com]

  • Seizure

    The seizures will manifest before the first year of age in 75% of the patients, although some patients may experience seizures for the first time as adults. [eyewiki.org]

Workup

A systemic workup at that time (including computed tomography and bone scans) was negative for any signs of malignancy. [glaucomatoday.com]

Treatment

Patients underwent a mean of 2.15 treatment sessions per eye. Pretreatment intraocular pressure (IOP) was 30.2 (5.5) mm Hg before the first treatment, 30.5 (5.7) mm Hg before the second treatment, and 28.7 (6.3) mm Hg before the third treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis

To study the frequency of ocular manifestations and the prognosis of secondary glaucoma in cases of carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Prognosis in secondary congenital glaucoma is guarded. Earlier age at onset of glaucoma usually is more difficult to manage. Patients need multiple procedures, each of which has its own risks. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Etiology

OBJECTIVE: Knowing and understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of neovascular secondary glaucoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: Review of the angiogenesis theory to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of neovascular secondary glaucoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cases:The presenet series comprised a 62-year-old male with ocular sarcoidosis,a 74-year-old female with uveitis of unknown etiology,and a 55-year-old male with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis. All had glaucoma in one eye. [webview.isho.jp]

Etiology See Pathophysiology section below. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Epidemiology

DESIGN: Population-based epidemiological survey. PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of residents 40 years or older from Tajimi, Japan. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Keywords: clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: outcomes/complications • trauma • intraocular pressure © 2012, The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc., all rights reserved. [iovs.arvojournals.org]

Aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapy. Dev Ophthalmol 1999; 30 : 91–109. 2. Okhravi N, Odufuwa B, McCluskey P, Lightman S. Scleritis. Surv Ophthalmol 2005; 50 (4): 351–363. 3. Wilhelmus KR, Grierson I, Watson PG. [nature.com]

[…] iris syndrome Uveal edema (scleral buckling, panretinal photocoagulation, central retinal vein occlusion) Retrolenticular tissue contracture (persistent hyperplastic primary viterous, retinopathy of prematurity) The ISGEO classification of Glaucoma for Epidemiological [epomedicine.com]

Epidemiology Frequency United States Aniridia is rare, occurring in 1.8 per 100,000 live births; 50% of these patients develop glaucoma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology

Amyloid associated with glaucoma may involve different pathophysiologic mechanisms. The elevated IOP may not respond well to medical therapy. Cautious surgical manipulation of the conjunctiva is warranted in these cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Int Ophthalmol. 2018 Feb. 38 (1):409-416. [Medline]. Kargi SH, Koc F, Biglan AW, Davis JS. Visual acuity in children with glaucoma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology of glaucoma [ 3, 4 ] The primary problem in glaucoma is disease of the optic nerve. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, but there is a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. [patient.info]

Prevention

Treatment results were regarded as successful when secondary angle-closure glaucoma was prevented or responded to treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of those who underwent external SRFD was 3.1+/-1.8 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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