Presentation
Patients may present with CNS vascular insufficiency or outright stroke. [emedicine.medscape.com]
A 40-year-old woman with no significant medical history presented with a nonpruritic rash that developed rapidly over three days and was progressively worsening. [aafp.org]
When I have examined them on my return, I have found the arm of the child presenting, the head being departed out of my reach. [books.google.com]
The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents. The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre but there may be multiple sores. [langua.de]
When the skin rash is present, the infected person is very infectious and can easily spread it to others via contact with the skin rash or mouth/genitals/anus. [stdtriage.com]
Entire Body System
- Swelling
If you already have an STI such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes or genital warts, you may have broken skin, swelling or sores that make it much easier for HIV to get into your body. [serc.mb.ca]
Symptoms include: damage to the heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints gummas, or soft tissue swellings that occur anywhere on the body Organ damage means that tertiary syphilis can often be fatal. [medicalnewstoday.com]
Symptoms of STD Chancroid Symptoms • Red bumps and ulcers forming in genital areas, pain during urination, bleeding ulcers, pain during coitus, swelling, swollen lymph nodes Chlamydia Symptoms • Symptoms in Men: Pain during urination, pain in the testicles [std-gov.org]
Some people with early stage syphilis may get a mild fever, headache, or a swelling of sores after treatment. This usually isn’t serious. [youngwomenshealth.org]
- Inflammation
As a rule no inflammation signs can be observed around the chancre. The central part of the hard chancre may look covered with a dense grey-yellowish tarnish. The chancre diameter is 10-20mm. [diagnose-me.com]
Complications may include: Brain (neurological) problems Stroke Infection and inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord Numbness Deafness Visual problems or blindness Personality changes Dementia Heart valve disease Aneurysm Inflammation [webmd.com]
Gummas are masses that develop causing inflammation and destruction on or through an organ or soft tissue. Gummas may grow and heal slowly, leaving scars. [allthingsvagina.com]
Gummas are soft growths (tumours) caused by inflammation. They are not cancerous (malignant) tumours but are long-term (chronic) and can affect any part of the body. [patient.info]
Meningovascular syphilis typically manifests 5-10 years after infection and is the result of endarteritis, inflammation of small blood vessels of the meninges, brain, and spinal cord. [emedicine.medscape.com]
- Falling
The criterion of cure of syphilis is the disappearance of symptoms and a fall of 4 degrees in antibody levels. [tabletsmanual.com]
[…] sexually transmitted diseases include: * sexual activity among young adults 25 and younger * multiple sex partners * prior history of STDs * unprotected sex * sexual contact with prostitutes (male or female) * illicit drug use[[br]] [[br]] Those who fall [ibis.health.utah.gov]
Your hair may fall out in clumps. You are highly contagious [very likely to spread syphilis to others] during this phase. Symptoms go away, but you are still infected. [serc.mb.ca]
Also see a doctor if you notice any unusual discharge, sores, or rashes, particularly in the genital area. 2 Get tested routinely if you fall into "at risk" categories. [wikihow.com]
Syphilis is 16 times more common among black people than among white people; however, this disparity is shrinking owing to falling rates in blacks and rising rates in whites. [humpath.com]
- Unsafe Sexual Practices
These are available for purchase online. not sharing sex toys avoiding alcohol and drugs that could potentially lead to unsafe sexual practices Having syphilis once does not mean a person is protected from it. [medicalnewstoday.com]
sexual practices, such as sexual promiscuity, prostitution, and decreasing use of barrier protection. [15] [52] [53] Left untreated, it has a mortality rate of 8% to 58%, with a greater death rate among males. [2] The symptoms of syphilis have become [en.wikipedia.org]
Eyes
- Visual Impairment
"Patients will have fever, swollen glands, malaise, sore throat, and visual impairment." Once that clears up, there's the latent stage —called so because there are no symptoms, sometimes for years. But without treatment, it may return. [greatist.com]
Other affected organs may include liver, kidneys, central nervous system ( CNS ), joints and eyes (resulting in visual impairment). Secondary syphilis See more images of syphilis. [dermnetnz.org]
- Visual Impairment
"Patients will have fever, swollen glands, malaise, sore throat, and visual impairment." Once that clears up, there's the latent stage —called so because there are no symptoms, sometimes for years. But without treatment, it may return. [greatist.com]
Other affected organs may include liver, kidneys, central nervous system ( CNS ), joints and eyes (resulting in visual impairment). Secondary syphilis See more images of syphilis. [dermnetnz.org]
Skin
- Blister
Following this, they may scab and heal The sores of HSV are initially multiple, small blisters, which then burst to form an ulcer. [dovemed.com]
The symptom of both types of herpes is a group of small sores or blisters that hurt. Sometimes the sores cannot be seen. Herpes is usually spread by coming in contact with the sores. Sometimes herpes can be spread even when the sores are gone. [thebody.com]
Herpes Vulvitis Prodrome of itching or tingling Multiple, small, painful blisters Shallow ulcers filled with gray material Crusts over in 7-10 days Recurrences in 50% www.freelivedoctor.com 9. [slideshare.net]
The skin rash that occurs ranges from flat to raised to pustular or blister-like lesions. These lesions characteristically occur on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, face, and scalp. [diagnose-me.com]
[…] rash, which may look like rough "copper penny" spots or fine red dots on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet A skin rash on the arms, legs, and trunk — The rash can take a variety of forms, such as small blotches or indented circles; small blisters [drugs.com]
- Skin Ulcer
This is classically (40% of the time) a single, firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration with a clean base and sharp borders approximately 0.3–3.0 cm in size. [2] The lesion may take on almost any form. [en.wikipedia.org]
Neurologic
- Stroke
A stroke may occur when a blood vessel supplying the brain becomes clogged or bursts, depriving brain tissue of oxygen. [humanillnesses.com]
People with tertiary syphilis may experience: meningitis strokes dementia symptoms loss of co-ordination numbness vision problems or blindness heart problems Syphilis is still treatable at this stage, but it's sometimes not possible to reverse any damage [nhs.uk]
Complications may include: Brain (neurological) problems Stroke Infection and inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord Numbness Deafness Visual problems or blindness Personality changes Dementia Heart valve disease Aneurysm Inflammation [webmd.com]
Patients may present with CNS vascular insufficiency or outright stroke. [emedicine.medscape.com]
[…] syphilitic large ulcerated lesions that can affect the skin, bones and internal organs Cardiovascular syphilis can involve the aorta, causing aneurysms and aortic valve lesions Neurosyphilis affects the nervous system, washing with dementia, meningitis, stroke [tabletsmanual.com]
- Personality Change
Complications may include: Brain (neurological) problems Stroke Infection and inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord Numbness Deafness Visual problems or blindness Personality changes Dementia Heart valve disease Aneurysm Inflammation [webmd.com]
changes and impotence due to nerve or brain damage Diagnosis If your doctor suspects that you have syphilis, he or she will look for any of the typical symptoms of the disease, especially for a chancre in the genital area. [drugs.com]
There is progressive personality change, memory loss and confusion. Sometimes depression or hallucinations occur. Tabes dorsalis. This is another, late form of neurosyphilis, more common before antibiotic treatment. [patient.info]
- Apathy
Meningovascular syphilis typically presents with apathy and seizures, and general paresis with dementia and tabes dorsalis. [2] Also, there may be Argyll Robertson pupils, which are bilateral small pupils that constrict when the person focuses on near [en.wikipedia.org]
- Lethargy
A feeling of 'unwellness' (general malaise) and tiredness (lethargy). Mild high temperature (mild fever) and headaches are common. Sore throat. Joint pains. [patient.info]
Workup
Microbiology
- Chlamydia Trachomatis
LGV Diagnosis Chlamydia trachomatis serotype culture from a bubo Acute/convelescent serum complement fixation test History of exposure Visual appearance Prevalence in the population. www.freelivedoctor.com 28. [slideshare.net]
trachomatis, L1 - L3 serotypes, treated with tetracycline Initially small ulcer at contact site, then inguinal adenopathy with stellate abscesses surrounded by epithelioid histiocytes, then scarring, fistulas and strictures of urethra, vagina, rectum [pathologyoutlines.com]
trachomatis serotypes L1, L2, L3 Lymphogranuloma Venereum dx 1. [quizlet.com]
trachomatis (bacterium) Granuloma inguinale caused by Klebsiella granulomatis Genital warts caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) Usually, women who have genital ulcer sores may have one or more sexually transmitted infection. [dovemed.com]
WHO guidelines for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis. World Health Organization. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/246165/1/9789241549714-eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed online September 22, 2016. [agavesurgery.com]
- Calymmatobacterium Granulomatis
granulomatis, an encapsulated, nonmotile gram negative rod Soft granulomatous area enlarges by peripheral extension and ulcerates Clinical features Genital ulceration, genital tract bleeding Microscopic (histologic) description Donovan bodies (small [pathologyoutlines.com]
Treatment
This would provide confirmation of adequate treatment. [medicalnewstoday.com]
What is the treatment for syphilis? For detailed treatment recommendations, please refer to the 2015 CDC STD Treatment Guidelines. [cdc.gov]
Both the patient and her sexual partner(s) need treatment. Otherwise, she will be re-infected, even if the initial treatment is successful. [brooksidepress.org]
The symptoms of secondary syphilis will resolve with or without treatment. But without treatment, the infection will progress to the latent and late stages of disease. Latent Stage The next stage is called the latent or hidden stage. [medic8.com]
Prognosis
Advances in the recognition of potentially confusing benign conditions, prognosis and staging update the pathology of squamous and adenocarcinoma in these organs. [books.google.com]
What is the prognosis? Patients with infectious syphilis should abstain from sexual activity until rendered noninfectious by antibiotic therapy. Talk openly with your partner about STDs, HIV, and hepatitis B infection, and the use of contraception. [healthcentral.com]
Prognosis With proper antibiotic treatment, early syphilis infection can be cured without causing permanent damage. Although later stages of syphilis also respond to antibiotics, treatment will not repair any organ damage caused by the disease. [drugs.com]
Syphilis Prognosis Primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis can be treated successfully with antibiotics. Late latency (more than 1 year after the secondary stage) is difficult to treat. [healthcommunities.com]
Etiology
[…] transmission ( J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011;25:145 ) Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: mostly caused by identical Candida strains suggesting C. albicans persistence in female anogenital area, particularly in external vulva ( Mycoses 2011;54:e807 ) Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
Etiology T. pallidum is a motile, corkscrew-shaped spirochete. Spirochetes are gram negative and have a flagellar bundle running through their periplasmic space causing the cells to move in a corkscrew fashion. Its size varies from 6 to 20um. [dermatologyadvisor.com]
(Etiology) Female Genital Sores are most commonly caused by sexually transmitted diseases that include the following: Herpes simplex virus infection (HSV2) is the leading cause of genital ulcers Syphilis caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum Chancroid [dovemed.com]
Etiology The chronic arthritis clinically resembles rheumatoid arthritis. Live agent is almost never cultivated from the joint (in common with other forms of reactive arthritis such as Reiter's syndrome and rheumatic fever). [microbiologybook.org]
[…] dollars spent on sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection in the United States (approximately 12.6 billion dollars is associated with the care of persons with HIV infection). [ 8 ] Microbiology and Pathogenesis Organism and Classification The etiologic [std.uw.edu]
Epidemiology
This report defines the prevalence of genital colonization in a large population of women, characterizes the women with S. aureus, and describes epidemiologic features of genital carriage. Página 50 - Lautenschlager S, Eichmann A. [books.google.es]
Primary and Secondary Syphilis, Utah and U.S., 1994-2017 Data Sources Utah Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. [ibis.health.utah.gov]
"A systematic review of epidemiologic studies assessing condom use and risk of syphilis". Sex Transm Dis. 36 (7): 401–5. doi : 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a396eb. PMID 19455075. ^ a b "Syphilis - CDC Fact Sheet". [en.wikipedia.org]
Epidemiology Bejel is found in the Middle-East, Africa, Australia and central Asia. It is also known as sahel disease in West Africa. Pinta Treponema carateum Pinta is another non-venereal, treponematous disease which is caused by T. carateum. [microbiologybook.org]
Syphilis: review with emphasis on clinical, epidemiologic, and some biologic features. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12:187-209. 13. Lautenschlager S. Cutaneous manifestations of syphilis: recognition and management. [std.uw.edu]
Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Syphilis - CDC Fact Sheet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). HIV prevention through early detection and treatment of other sexually transmitted diseases—United States. [womenshealth.gov]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report, 2016 Cdc-pdf ; vol. 28. 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2017. [cdc.gov]
Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2017 National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Data Notes Rates were calculated by dividing the number of cases for each year by the total population within that year and multiplying [ibis.health.utah.gov]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. [peachtreepeds.com]