America Middle East Czech Republic Germany Poland Spain Turkey China Indonesia Malaysia Vietnam South Asia Russia & CIS Francophone Wednesday 30 September REGION (GLOBAL) Resources Videos Nutrition tools Infographics Expert opinion Publication series Presentation [nestlenutrition-institute.org]

This can be caused by hormonal abnormalities present in disorders such as carcinoid syndrome, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, certain types of pancreatic adenomas, and medullary carcinomas of the thyroid. Medical Dictionary, © 2009 Farlex and Partners [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Case presentation We report the case of a 75-year-old woman, presenting to the emergency department with acute renal failure and electrolyte imbalance, reporting an history of recurrent episodes of dehydration and chronic diarrhea. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

Legionellosis may manifest in many ways, which presents a diagnostic challenge. Timely diagnosis and treatment require a high degree of clinical suspicion. [academic.oup.com]

We present a case of McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome with severe biochemical derangements. 2. Case Report A 70-year-old female presented to our emergency department. [hindawi.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  Chest radiographs only showed small bilateral pleural effusions. A chest CT scan showed a lung, para-aortic, and left hilar lymphadenopathy, as well as bilateral basal atelectasis and pleural effusions (figure 1). [academic.oup.com]

• Periodontitis

  Omar Helal, Gerd Göstemeyer, Joachim Krois, Karim Fawzy El Sayed, Christian Graetz, Falk Schwendicke, Predictors for tooth loss in periodontitis patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 10.1111/jcpe.13118, 46, [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

• Tooth Loss

  Omar Helal, Gerd Göstemeyer, Joachim Krois, Karim Fawzy El Sayed, Christian Graetz, Falk Schwendicke, Predictors for tooth loss in periodontitis patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 10.1111/jcpe.13118, 46, [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

It is unclear whether these patients had a prior workup for chronic diarrhea.2 Secretory diarrhea was the most common etiology overall in the 2 series (21% and 45%, respectively). [mdedge.com]

Workup for Suspected IBD Figure 2. Workup for suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults. Adapted with permission from van Rheenen PF, Van de Vijver E, Fidler V. [aafp.org]

[…] cause Diagnosis Treatment Laxative abuse Substances Clinical features Osmotic diarrhea, meteorism Dehydration Hypokalemia Melanosis coli: benign hyperpigmentation of the colonic mucosa caused by anthraquinone abuse References:[12][13] Diagnostics The workup [amboss.com]

Findings of an extensive gastroenterological workup, including tests for detection of ova and parasites in stool samples, stool cultures, and colonoscopy, were unrevealing. No leukocytes were identified in stool samples. [academic.oup.com]

• Atelectasis

  A chest CT scan showed a lung, para-aortic, and left hilar lymphadenopathy, as well as bilateral basal atelectasis and pleural effusions (figure 1). [academic.oup.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  Chest radiographs only showed small bilateral pleural effusions. A chest CT scan showed a lung, para-aortic, and left hilar lymphadenopathy, as well as bilateral basal atelectasis and pleural effusions (figure 1). [academic.oup.com]

Will this drug, or its derivatives, be useful in the treatment of secretory diarrhea? In his accompanying commentary Dr. [eurekalert.org]

Conclusions A prompt diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment of McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

Timely diagnosis and treatment require a high degree of clinical suspicion. [academic.oup.com]

Novartis and the Institute for OneWorld Health signed a three-year collaboration to develop a treatment for secretory diarrhea that targets the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatory (CFTR) chloride ion channel. [genengnews.com]

A complete understanding of the mechanism of clotrimazone block will be important for the treatment of sickle cell anemia and, potentially, diarrhea. [grantome.com]

[…] latex agglutination assay for rotavirus Differential Chronic diarrhea, which lasts 4 weeks or more, suggests other etiologies, such as fat malabsorption syndrome Radiation injury high doses of radiation classically cause diarrhea and lymphopenia (poor prognosis [step2.medbullets.com]

We present this case to underline the necessity of maintaining an high clinical suspicion for this syndrome in patients with an history of unexplained chronic diarrhea, especially given that the condition has a good prognosis when diagnosed and treated [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

Etiologies for diarrhea in the remaining cases were infectious (11.8%), idiopathic (8.9%), celiac (7.3%), and other (10.2%). [mdedge.com]

Challenges Despite numerous intensive laboratory investigations, the etiologic agent of Brainerd diarrhea remains a mystery. [cdc.gov]

Etiologies Excessive Intestinal Secretion Fecal Impaction: Chronic irritation of the large intestine mucosa by impacted feces generally leads to increased large intestinal secretion in a misguided attempt to dilute the irritant Microbes: A number of infectious [pathwaymedicine.org]

[…] fat malabsorption watery diarrhea osmotic diarrhea due to osmotic pull of water into the intestinal lumen etiologies giardiasis laxatives lactose intolerance secretory diarrhea due to active secretion of water etiologies infectious (i.e., enterotoxic [step1.medbullets.com]

[…] causes decreased transit time Due to surgical resection of gut, irritable bowel syndrome (neural dysfunction), hyperthyroidism, diabetic neuropathy, carcinoid syndrome Decreased motility due to small bowel diverticula, blind loop, bacterial overgrowth Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

other E. coli strains (e.g., EAEC), protozoa (e.g., Giardia), viral diarrhea (norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus) Factitious diarrhea Definition: self-induced diarrhea, usually by laxative abuse; often occurs in individuals with factitious disorders Epidemiology [amboss.com]

[…] onset of >3 bowel movements/day lasting <14 days and is often caused by infection persistent diarrhea lasts 2-4 weeks chronic diarrhea lasts >4 weeks and is often caused by underlying conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or fat malabsorption Epidemiology [step1.medbullets.com]

[…] onset of > 3 bowel movements/day lasting < 14 days and is often caused by infection persistent diarrhea lasts 2-4 weeks chronic diarrhea lasts > 4 weeks and is often caused by underlying conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or fat malabsorption Epidemiology [step2.medbullets.com]

Results Clinical History and Epidemiology Table 2. Table 2. Clinical and Epidemiologic Features of the Patients with Chronic Idiopathic Diarrhea. The clinical features of the 17 patients are listed in Table 2. [nejm.org]

Pathophysiology of Osmotic DiarrheaStep 2:Sorbitol diluted toisotonicity by flowof water acrossleaky epithelium. [slideshare.net]

During study of the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis, it was found that the chloride channel of the apical membrane of lung and intestinal epithelia could not be opened by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (10). [jci.org]

Diarrhoea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 3 million deaths per year in young children, and it is therefore important for those who care for children to have a clear understanding of the pathophysiology of diarrhoea [paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk]

Gastrointestinal disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1989:1191–232. 11. Osterholm MT, MacDonald KL, White KE, et al.. [nejm.org]

Definition Etiology Classification Pathophysiology Associated disorders Exudative-inflammatory diarrhea Damage to the intestinal mucosa may cause cytokine-induced water hypersecretion, impair absorption of osmotically active substances or fat, or disrupt [amboss.com]

Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012. Platts-Mills JA, Babji S, Bodhidatta L, et al. [medscape.com]

Home News Novartis and OneWorld Health Join Forces against Secretory Diarrhea Aim is to develop a CFTR ion channel blocker to help prevent fluid loss. [genengnews.com]

As WHO points out, the most important thing is to begin preventing dehydration as early as possible.[17] In another example of prompt ORS hopefully preventing dehydration, CDC recommends for the treatment of cholera continuing to give Oral Rehydration [en.wikipedia.org]

TREATMENT Fluid replacement is the key to successful management of acute diarrhea and the prevention of its complications. Oral rehydration therapies (ORTs) are inexpensive, safe, and effective tools for volume repletion. [tabers.com]

As inhibition of the Gardos channel prevents RBC sickling, clotrimazone is being evaluated for clinical efficacy in the treatment of sickle cell anemia. Indeed, it appears as the Gardos channel of RBCs is hIKl. [grantome.com]