America Middle East Czech Republic Germany Poland Spain Turkey China Indonesia Malaysia Vietnam South Asia Russia & CIS Francophone Wednesday 30 September REGION (GLOBAL) Resources Videos Nutrition tools Infographics Expert opinion Publication series Presentation [nestlenutrition-institute.org]

This can be caused by hormonal abnormalities present in disorders such as carcinoid syndrome, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, certain types of pancreatic adenomas, and medullary carcinomas of the thyroid. Medical Dictionary, © 2009 Farlex and Partners [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Legionellosis may manifest in many ways, which presents a diagnostic challenge. Timely diagnosis and treatment require a high degree of clinical suspicion. [academic.oup.com]

Case presentation We report the case of a 75-year-old woman, presenting to the emergency department with acute renal failure and electrolyte imbalance, reporting an history of recurrent episodes of dehydration and chronic diarrhea. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

This poster presentation from the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2016 Annual Meeting summarizes the results of tests comparing several clinical-stage drug candidates that have the potential to treat acute secretory diarrhea. [path.org]

• Whipple Disease

  Celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy), intestinal bypass, mesenteric ischemia, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, Whipple disease, and giardiasis can all cause loss of absorptive capacity. [aafp.org]

  malabsorption (celiac disease, giardiasis, Whipple disease, bowel ischemia, abetalipoproteinemia, intestinal lymphangiectasia, and other causes of protein-losing enteropathy). d) Inflammatory diarrhea: IBD (Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis); microscopic [empendium.com]

  Diarrhea is the 7th most important cause of death in low-and-middle-income countries after ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, HIV/AIDS, perinatal conditions and chronic obstructive lung disease (15). [antimicrobe.org]

• Surgical Procedure

  Past medical history should identify known risk factors for diarrhea, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, HIV infection, and previous GI surgical procedures (eg, intestinal or gastric bypass or resection, pancreatic resection [msdmanuals.com]

• Pneumonia

  Pneumonia caused by Pittsburgh pneumonia agent: radiologic manifestations, Radiology, 1984, vol. 150 (pg. 633 - 7 ) 10, ,, et al. [academic.oup.com]

  "Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zinc Investigators' Collaborative Group". [en.wikipedia.org]

• Nocturnal Diarrhea

  Nocturnal diarrhea refers to diarrhea that happens at night. Chronic nocturnal diarrhea can be a sign of a more serious health condition, such as diabetes, a bowel disorder, or an infection. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Diarrhea Watery Secretory (often nocturnal; unrelated to food intake; fecal osmotic gap < 50 mOsm per kg*) Alcoholism Bacterial enterotoxins (e.g., cholera) Bile acid malabsorption Brainerd diarrhea (epidemic secretory [aafp.org]

• Heart Disease

  Diarrhea is the 7th most important cause of death in low-and-middle-income countries after ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, HIV/AIDS, perinatal conditions and chronic obstructive lung disease (15). [antimicrobe.org]

It is unclear whether these patients had a prior workup for chronic diarrhea.2 Secretory diarrhea was the most common etiology overall in the 2 series (21% and 45%, respectively). [mdedge.com]

Workup for Suspected IBD Figure 2. Workup for suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults. Adapted with permission from van Rheenen PF, Van de Vijver E, Fidler V. [aafp.org]

[…] cause Diagnosis Treatment Laxative abuse Substances Clinical features Osmotic diarrhea, meteorism Dehydration Hypokalemia Melanosis coli: benign hyperpigmentation of the colonic mucosa caused by anthraquinone abuse References:[12][13] Diagnostics The workup [amboss.com]

Findings of an extensive gastroenterological workup, including tests for detection of ova and parasites in stool samples, stool cultures, and colonoscopy, were unrevealing. No leukocytes were identified in stool samples. [academic.oup.com]

• Polyps

  Fig. 1 Diagnostic features of the giant rectal polyp. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

  Introduction Adenomatous polyps are neoplasms with malignant potential, located mainly at the level of the sigmoid and rectum. [hindawi.com]

  Three patients (Patients 7, 8, and 17) had adenomatous polyps in their colons; neither endoscopic removal of the polyps nor, in Patient 8, surgical resection had any effect on the diarrhea. [nejm.org]

Conclusions A prompt diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment of McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

Will this drug, or its derivatives, be useful in the treatment of secretory diarrhea? In his accompanying commentary Dr. [eurekalert.org]

Timely diagnosis and treatment require a high degree of clinical suspicion. [academic.oup.com]

Novartis and the Institute for OneWorld Health signed a three-year collaboration to develop a treatment for secretory diarrhea that targets the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatory (CFTR) chloride ion channel. [genengnews.com]

But there are additional causes of diarrhea in people with cancer, such as: Cancer treatment. [mayoclinic.org]

[…] latex agglutination assay for rotavirus Differential Chronic diarrhea, which lasts 4 weeks or more, suggests other etiologies, such as fat malabsorption syndrome Radiation injury high doses of radiation classically cause diarrhea and lymphopenia (poor prognosis [step2.medbullets.com]

We present this case to underline the necessity of maintaining an high clinical suspicion for this syndrome in patients with an history of unexplained chronic diarrhea, especially given that the condition has a good prognosis when diagnosed and treated [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

Etiologies for diarrhea in the remaining cases were infectious (11.8%), idiopathic (8.9%), celiac (7.3%), and other (10.2%). [mdedge.com]

Challenges Despite numerous intensive laboratory investigations, the etiologic agent of Brainerd diarrhea remains a mystery. [cdc.gov]

[…] fat malabsorption watery diarrhea osmotic diarrhea due to osmotic pull of water into the intestinal lumen etiologies giardiasis laxatives lactose intolerance secretory diarrhea due to active secretion of water etiologies infectious (i.e., enterotoxic [step1.medbullets.com]

Etiologies Excessive Intestinal Secretion Fecal Impaction: Chronic irritation of the large intestine mucosa by impacted feces generally leads to increased large intestinal secretion in a misguided attempt to dilute the irritant Microbes: A number of infectious [pathwaymedicine.org]

[…] causes decreased transit time Due to surgical resection of gut, irritable bowel syndrome (neural dysfunction), hyperthyroidism, diabetic neuropathy, carcinoid syndrome Decreased motility due to small bowel diverticula, blind loop, bacterial overgrowth Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

other E. coli strains (e.g., EAEC), protozoa (e.g., Giardia), viral diarrhea (norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus) Factitious diarrhea Definition: self-induced diarrhea, usually by laxative abuse; often occurs in individuals with factitious disorders Epidemiology [amboss.com]

[…] onset of > 3 bowel movements/day lasting < 14 days and is often caused by infection persistent diarrhea lasts 2-4 weeks chronic diarrhea lasts > 4 weeks and is often caused by underlying conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or fat malabsorption Epidemiology [step2.medbullets.com]

[…] onset of >3 bowel movements/day lasting <14 days and is often caused by infection persistent diarrhea lasts 2-4 weeks chronic diarrhea lasts >4 weeks and is often caused by underlying conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or fat malabsorption Epidemiology [step1.medbullets.com]

Results Clinical History and Epidemiology Table 2. Table 2. Clinical and Epidemiologic Features of the Patients with Chronic Idiopathic Diarrhea. The clinical features of the 17 patients are listed in Table 2. [nejm.org]

Pathophysiology of Osmotic DiarrheaStep 2:Sorbitol diluted toisotonicity by flowof water acrossleaky epithelium. [slideshare.net]

Diarrhoea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 3 million deaths per year in young children, and it is therefore important for those who care for children to have a clear understanding of the pathophysiology of diarrhoea [paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk]

During study of the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis, it was found that the chloride channel of the apical membrane of lung and intestinal epithelia could not be opened by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (10). [jci.org]

Gastrointestinal disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1989:1191–232. 11. Osterholm MT, MacDonald KL, White KE, et al.. [nejm.org]

Chronic diarrhea in children : Part I. physiology, pathophysiology, etiology. [saudijgastro.com]

Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012. Platts-Mills JA, Babji S, Bodhidatta L, et al. [medscape.com]

Home News Novartis and OneWorld Health Join Forces against Secretory Diarrhea Aim is to develop a CFTR ion channel blocker to help prevent fluid loss. [genengnews.com]

As WHO points out, the most important thing is to begin preventing dehydration as early as possible.[17] In another example of prompt ORS hopefully preventing dehydration, CDC recommends for the treatment of cholera continuing to give Oral Rehydration [en.wikipedia.org]

TREATMENT Fluid replacement is the key to successful management of acute diarrhea and the prevention of its complications. Oral rehydration therapies (ORTs) are inexpensive, safe, and effective tools for volume repletion. [tabers.com]

This can be prevented by replacing potassium and correcting the base deficit at the same time. [rehydrate.org]