Heredodegenerative dystonia generally results from neurodegenerative disorders in which other neurological symptoms are present and in which heredity plays a role. [aans.org]

Surgical treatment may be considered if medications and other treatments are not providing adequate relief, and if the symptoms negatively affect quality of life. The mainstay of surgical treatment for dystonia is deep brain stimulation (DBS). [aans.org]

Fahn S. generalized dystonia: Concept and treatment. Clinical Neuropharmacol 1986; 9 (supl 2): 37-48. 4. Marsden C D. The focal dystonias. Clinical Neuropharmacol 1986; 9 (supl 2) : 49-60. 5. Calne DB, Lang AE. Secondary dystonia. [svneurologia.org]

Epidemiology of focal and generalized dystonia in Rochester, Minnesota. Mov Disord 1988; 3: 188-194. 14. Giron L T, Koller W, Tanner C M. Epidemiology of dystonic disorders. En: Tsui J K, Calne D (eds). Hanbook of Dystonia. Nueva York. [svneurologia.org]

Classification and pathophysiology of dystonia. Mov. Disord 1997;12:A3. 10. Marsden CD, Harrison MJ, Bundey S. Natural history of idiopathic torsion dystonia. Adv Neurol 1976;14:177-187. 11. Greene P, Kang U J, Fahn S. [svneurologia.org]

These regions of the brain control the speed and fluidity of movement and prevent unwanted movements. Patients with dystonia may experience uncontrollable twisting, repetitive movements or abnormal postures and positions. [aans.org]