CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 16-year-old male who presented on two separate occasions after a tonic-clonic seizure with hip pain, an antalgic gait, and marked discomfort on hip flexion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Epilepsy

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/basics/first-aid.htm. Accessed July 14, 2017. Longo DL, et al., eds. Seizures and epilepsy. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 19th ed. [mayoclinic.org]

  These findings demonstrate the feasibility of detecting seizures from EEG recordings behind the ear for patients with focal epilepsy. KEYWORDS: EEG; EOG; SVM; epilepsy; seizure detection; wearable sensor [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  The doctor may also recommend that you give your child a fever-reducer such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, or lukewarm sponge baths to bring down his fever. [babycenter.com]

  Fever (febrile convulsion) A convulsion caused by fever is called a febrile convulsion. Febrile convulsions usually occur in infants and children who have a sudden spike in body temperature. [healthline.com]

  Fever care A fever is the body's natural response to infection, and it is not always necessary to reduce a fever. Treating your child’s fever with paracetamol or ibuprofen will not prevent a febrile convulsion. [rch.org.au]

  She had no complaints of fever, no signs and symptoms of infection, and no history of seizure nor was she on any medication predisposing to such an event. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  If a baby or child has a seizure during a high fever, cool the child slowly with lukewarm water. DO NOT place the child in a cold bath. Call your child's health care provider and ask what you should do next. [medlineplus.gov]

• Pain

  A male aged 44 years presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of intermittent right-sided abdominal pain radiating to the midline. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A critical review of controlled clinical trials for peripheral neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndromes. Pain 1997; 73: 123-39. ‎ Seite 356 - Computed Tomography of the Head before Lumbar Puncture in Adults with Suspected Meningitis. ‎ [books.google.com]

  Digestive symptoms are more common in children and can include bloating, or a feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen chronic diarrhea constipation gas nausea pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stools that float stomach pain vomiting For children with [niddk.nih.gov]

• Weakness

  The ganglioid cells showed weak cytoplasmic reactivity for synaptophysin and were nonreactive for neurofilament and chromogranin. CD34-positive stellate cells were present within the nodules. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The Koshland's theory assumes that the active site of the enzyme changes its spatial form to allow the substrate to interact with the active site of an enzyme. 2 Characteristics A substrate is bond to the active site of the Enzyme by weak non-covalent [flexikon.doccheck.com]

  Focal Onset Motor Seizures Motor seizures cause a change in muscle activity, such as jerking of a finger, stiffening of one part of the body, or weakness in specific muscles. [epilepsynewengland.org]

  For focal onset seizures: Motor symptoms may also include jerking ( clonic ), muscles becoming limp or weak ( atonic ), tense or rigid muscles ( tonic ), brief muscle twitching ( myoclonus ), or epileptic spasms. [epilepsy.com]

• Unconsciousness

  The young person becomes unconscious, if sometimes only briefly. Focal seizures Focal seizures occur when one area (or lobe) of the brain is affected by abnormal electrical activity. [youngepilepsy.org.uk]

  Or, in some severe cases, it may cause unconsciousness and convulsions, when your body shakes uncontrollably. Seizures usually come on suddenly. How long and severe they are can vary. A seizure can happen to you just once, or over and over. [webmd.com]

  I then spend the next 30 seconds in free fall unconscious. Thankfully my jumpmaster manages to pull my ripcord at around 4000ft. I become conscious at 3000 ft and land safely back to the ground. For licensing or usage, contact: [email protected] [youtube.com]

  Multiple sources tell us Wayne was hospitalized Sunday in Chicago after he was found unconscious in his hotel room at the Westin on Michigan Avenue after suffering at least one seizure. [tmz.com]

  Wayne was reportedly found unconscious at his Chicago hotel room Sunday after suffering a seizure. He was transported to the city’s Northwestern Memorial hospital, where he had another minor seizure, Reuters reports. [rollingstone.com]

• Cough

  […] trunk (31% vs. 1.6%), opened their eyes (89% vs. 5%), had whole body movements (74% vs. 14%) or dystonic posturing (29% vs. 1.3%), manipulated objects in their environment (44% vs. 3.9%), as if emerging from sleep with ictal automatisms, and sniffed, coughed [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This device can cause alternations in vocalization, coughing, throat pain, and hoarseness. More serious side effects include spasms of the vocal cords, obstruction of the airway, and sleep apnea. [tacanow.org]

  Side effects of vagal nerve stimulation include hoarseness, cough, and deepening of the voice when the nerve is stimulated. The responsive neurostimulation system is a device that looks like a heart pacemaker. It is implanted within the skull. [msdmanuals.com]

• Vomiting

  He then experienced vigorous vomiting that occurred during sleep, with glassy eyes and legs flexion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Keep in mind there is a small risk of post-seizure vomiting, before the person is fully alert. Therefore the person's head should be turned so that any vomit will drain out of the mouth without being inhaled. [epilepsyaustralia.net]

  Otherwise, wipe away any vomit and call the doctor after the seizure is over – no matter how short it was – if it's your child's first one. [babycenter.com]

  Beware of vomiting and turn the person to his or her side to prevent the inhalation of vomit into the lungs. After the seizure stops, allow the person to rest. A seizure often causes confusion and drowsiness for a period of minutes to hours. [emedicinehealth.com]

  If vomiting occurs, this helps make sure that the vomit is not inhaled into the lungs. Look for a medical ID bracelet with seizure instructions. Stay with the person until they recover, or until professional medical help arrives. [medlineplus.gov]

• Nausea

  Developers should also avoid graphics which may induce nausea or dizziness, or that may be distracting. [webaim.org]

  place, or thing without having experienced it) Jamais vu (feeling of unfamiliarity with a person, place, or thing despite having already experienced it) Ringing or buzzing sounds Strange, offensive smells Bitter, acidic taste Out-of-body sensation Nausea [cureepilepsy.org]

  vomiting, a low sodium level in the blood, thoughts of suicide, and skin reactions, such as rash (sometimes serious) Ethosuximide Absence seizures Nausea, lethargy, dizziness, headache, rash, and a low blood cell count (of all types of blood cells) [msdmanuals.com]

  Symptoms include pruritus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or asthmatic attacks Applies To Guinea-worm infection Infection by Dracunculus medinensis ICD-9-CM Volume 2 Index entries containing back-references to 125.7 : [icd9data.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  A male aged 44 years presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of intermittent right-sided abdominal pain radiating to the midline. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  If you have gluten sensitivity, you may have symptoms similar to those of celiac disease, such as abdominal pain and tiredness. Unlike celiac disease, gluten sensitivity does not damage the small intestine. [niddk.nih.gov]

  […] fatigue, irritability, falls, sleepiness, nausea, vomiting, headache, weight gain, abdominal pain, and problems walking Phenobarbital Focal-onset seizures Generalized tonic-clonic seizures Neonatal seizures Status epilepticus Drowsiness, abnormal eye [msdmanuals.com]

  pain; anxiety FYCOMPA is a controlled substance (CIII) because it can be abused or lead to drug dependence. [fycompa.com]

• Diarrhea

  Symptoms include pruritus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or asthmatic attacks Applies To Guinea-worm infection Infection by Dracunculus medinensis ICD-9-CM Volume 2 Index entries containing back-references to 125.7 : [icd9data.com]

  Digestive symptoms are more common in children and can include bloating, or a feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen chronic diarrhea constipation gas nausea pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stools that float stomach pain vomiting For children with [niddk.nih.gov]

  Therefore autonomic symptoms are things like racing heart beat, stomach upset, diarrhea, loss of bladder control. [medicinenet.com]

  And 93 percent of those patients reported troublesome side effects—including sleepiness (the most common symptom), vomiting, fatigue, decreased appetite, diarrhea and elevated levels of liver enzymes. [scientificamerican.com]

  […] seizures Epileptic spasms Febrile seizures Focal-onset seizures Generalized tonic-clonic seizures Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy Myoclonic seizures Neonatal seizures Tonic or atonic seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome† Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea [msdmanuals.com]

• Constipation

  Digestive symptoms are more common in children and can include bloating, or a feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen chronic diarrhea constipation gas nausea pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stools that float stomach pain vomiting For children with [niddk.nih.gov]

  […] swings, and hyperactivity Lacosamide Focal-onset seizures Dizziness, double vision, and thoughts of suicide Lamotrigine Focal-onset seizures Generalized-onset seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome† Generalized-onset tonic-clonic seizures Nausea, vomiting, constipation [msdmanuals.com]

  […] swings, and hyperactivity Lacosamide Focal-onset seizures Dizziness, double vision, and thoughts of suicide Lamotrigine Focal-onset seizures Generalized-onset seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome † Generalized-onset tonic-clonic seizures Nausea, vomiting, constipation [merckmanuals.com]

  Long term side effects include dehydration, constipation, and sometimes complications from kidney stones or gall stones. Short term side effects include a decrease in blood sugar, vomiting, and feeling tired. [texaschildrens.org]

• Chest Pain

  His upper abdominal symptoms started immediately postseizure but at the time were attributed to musculoskeletal chest pain by the discharging team. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Approximately one quarter of all myocardial infarctions are silent, without chest pain or other symptoms. [medicalxpress.com]

  Some symptoms that many people report are: chest pain upper body pain sweating nausea fatigue trouble breathing A heart attack is a serious medical emergency. [healthline.com]

• Flushing

  Symptoms and signs – Not all may be present jerking or twitching of the face and limbs foaming at the mouth loss of consciousness loss of control of bladder and/or bowel blue/purple skin colour and blue lips flushed and dry skin in a child having a feverish [stjohn.org.nz]

  They may experience a variety of symptoms, including but not limited to: Confusion Memory lapses Distractedness Sense of detachment Eye or head twitching movement in one direction Inability to move or speak Loss of bladder and/or bowel control Pale/flushed [cureepilepsy.org]

  Other symptoms can include tingling, numbness, unusual head movements, flushed face or nausea. A generalized seizure affects both hemispheres of the brain at once. [nm.org]

  […] continue activity that was going on before the seizure) Convulsion (person loses consciousness, body becomes rigid or tense, then fast jerking movements occur) Losing control of urine or stool unexpectedly Sweating Change in skin color (looks pale or flushed [epilepsy.com]

• Fracture

  KEYWORDS: avulsion fracture; fracture; lesser trochanter; seizure injury [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] undergoing any sort of spasm and 3)do not place any body part in-between the person's teeth during a seizure (including your fingers)to stop the chattering and or clenching of teeth, if wanting to protect the subject from injuring themselves (involving fracturing [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] tuberous sclerosis Pressure-related Decompression illness, hyperbaric oxygen treatments Withdrawal syndromes Alcohol, anesthetics, barbiturates, benzodiazepines * Posttraumatic seizures occur in 25 to 75% of patients who have brain contusion, skull fracture [msdmanuals.com]

• Back Pain

  Prior to this, the patient had not complained of any back pain. A CT scan confirmed a burst fracture of T8 requiring urgent transfer to the local spinal unit for posterior stabilisation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hunger

  Is the hunger for this understanding a form of anxiety in us? Have the mentally ill been criminalized over centuries, & is there a deep need to not cut ‘them’ off? The SynTalkrs are: Dr. Bhargavi V. [syntalk.wordpress.com]

• Kidney Failure

  failure Very high blood pressure (malignant hypertension) Venomous bites and stings (snake bite) Withdrawal from alcohol or certain medicines after using for a long time Sometimes, no cause can be found. [medlineplus.gov]

  Metabolic Abnormalities Liver or kidney failure or electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., low sodium) associated with these organ failures can lead to seizures. An abnormally low blood sugar level can also result in seizures. [verywellhealth.com]

• Renal Insufficiency

  insufficiency, long-term hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, impingement syndrome, spondylarthrosis of the lumbar spine, and hysterectomy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency Gabapentin, pregabalin, levetiracetam, and lacosamide are excreted mostly by means of renal clearance, and their doses can be adjusted for renal insufficiency. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Seizure

  Overview A grand mal seizure causes a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions. It's the type of seizure most people picture when they think about seizures. [mayoclinic.org]

  Seizures aren’t always an either-or thing: Some people have seizures that start as one kind, then become another. [webmd.com]

  Call 911 or your local emergency number if: This is the first time the person has had a seizure A seizure lasts more than 2 to 5 minutes The person does not awaken or have normal behavior after a seizure Another seizure starts soon after a seizure ends [medlineplus.gov]

  Acute seizures represent 1% of all visits to emergency departments in the United States. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Confusion

  After a seizure, children are usually confused and almost appear to look through their parents rather than at them. Children generally are not so confused after a fainting spell. [wakehealth.edu]

  […] hand Complex partial epileptic seizures confined to a larger region of the brain than simple partial seizures impaired level awareness about surroundings usually involves the temporal lobe symptoms: glassy stare and lack of response inappropriate or confused [barrowneuro.org]

  The most common symptoms of a prodrome include confusion, anxiety, irritability, headache, tremor, and anger or other mood disturbances (Besag & Vasey, 2018). [cureepilepsy.org]

  Confusion. A period of disorientation often follows a grand mal seizure. This is referred to as postictal confusion. Fatigue. Sleepiness is common after a grand mal seizure. Severe headache. Headaches may occur after a grand mal seizure. [mayoclinic.org]

  Syncope may be accompanied by myoclonic jerks (convulsive syncope), but postictal confusion is absent. Bradycardia may be seen during the postictal period (ictal bradycardia syndrome), but protracted sinus dysfunction is not present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Stroke

  BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is assumed that up to 30 % of clinically diagnosed acute ischaemic strokes (AIS) are actually stroke mimics (SM). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  You’re more likely to have a seizure if you’ve had a severe stroke, a stroke caused by bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke) or a stroke in part of the brain called the cerebral cortex. [stroke.org]

  National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/ninds/product/Epilepsies-and-Seizures-Hope-Through-Research/15-156. Accessed July 14, 2017. Seizure first aid. U.S. [mayoclinic.org]

• Generalized Seizure

  They can cause some of the same physical symptoms as a generalized seizure, like convulsions or muscle slackness. [webmd.com]

  Generalized Seizures Section Generalized seizures occur when there is widespread seizure activity in the left and right hemispheres of the brain. [epilepsyontario.org]

  CONCLUSIONS: Epileptic seizures as one of the clinical manifestations are uncommon. The two most common seizure types were generalized seizures and status epilepticus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Generalized Seizures Generalized seizures begin with a widespread, excessive electrical discharge involving both hemispheres, or sides, of the brain. [nyulangone.org]

• Focal Seizure

  Focal Seizures Doctors break these into three groups: Simple focal seizures: They change how your senses read the world around you: They can make you smell or taste something strange, and may make your fingers, arms, or legs twitch. [webmd.com]

  Focal seizures may also be called partial seizures. With focal seizures, particularly with complex focal seizures, the child may experience an aura before the seizure occurs. [beaumont.org]

  There are two types of focal seizures: Focal seizures with retained awareness This type of focal seizure was previously known as a simple partial seizure. [epilepsyontario.org]

  Focal seizures Focal seizures occur when one area (or lobe) of the brain is affected by abnormal electrical activity. The symptoms and level of consciousness depend on the area of the brain involved. [youngepilepsy.org.uk]

  Focal Seizures Focal seizures begin with an abnormal electrical discharge restricted to one small region of the brain. [nyulangone.org]

This case report describes the clinical course, workup, and differential diagnosis of a 15-year-old male adolescent with first-time seizure and Brugada pattern on electrocardiogram. A brief review of the literature follows the case presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Most patients will be admitted to a telemetry floor for close monitoring, further workup, and treatment of their underlying condition. [emedicine.com]

However, every child with ASD and seizures should have a comprehensive medical workup for known medical disorders. [tacanow.org]

• Epileptiform Activity

  Electroencephalogram (EEG) was negative for epileptiform activity. A diagnosis of seizure in the setting of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) was deemed probable. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Temporal epileptiform and nonepileptiform activities, mostly unilateral, were found in both groups. Extratemporal epileptiform activities (frontal, parietal, central, occipital and generalized) were also found equally in both groups. [dx.doi.org]

  Since altered awareness occurs with even brief bursts of spike-wave paroxysms on EEG, treatment should be titrated to suppressing all epileptiform activity. The decision to start antiepileptic medication must be made with great care. [reference.medscape.com]

RESULTS: Rapid initiation and escalation of status epilepticus treatment has been associated with shortened seizure duration and more favorable outcomes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The current study aimed to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the correlation of isocitrate-dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), an important molecular biomarker for glioma classification and prognosis, to preoperative seizure incidence in LGG. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The management and prognosis is the same as for classical febrile convulsions. Acute Management Treat the convulsion when necessary as per Convulsions guidelines. * Reassurance is important in simple febrile convulsions. [rch.org.au]

The choice of antiepileptic drug is typically based on seizure type, and there is no evidence for superior effectiveness or potential deterioration of particular antiepileptic drug in specific etiologic subgroups. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In children with TLE of different etiologies there is a wide clinico-electroencephalographic diversity 2,10-13. [dx.doi.org]

The classification of seizures in old age in epidemiologic studies is rarely satisfactory. [dictionary.cambridge.org]

Epidemiology Age-adjusted incidence of epilepsy in North America ranges between 16/100,000 and 51/100,000 person-years. The age-adjusted prevalence ranges from 2.2/1000 to 41/1000 depending on the country. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The epidemiology of the epilepsies. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 107. pp. 113–33. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52898-8.00006-9. ISBN 9780444528988. PMID 22938966.; Sander JW, Shorvon SD (1996). "Epidemiology of the epilepsies". [en.wikipedia.org]

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health 5:16, 2009 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 30. [dx.doi.org]

Epidemiology Incidence in the United States The incidence of absence seizures in the United States is 1.9-8 cases per 100,000 population. [reference.medscape.com]

This case report discusses the pathophysiology of post-ictal desaturations and breathing abnormalities during seizures and their possible association with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The pathophysiology of focal-onset seizures differs from the mechanisms underlying generalized-onset seizures. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Expression of this gene in the developing brain may help explain an age-related onset and remission in childhood absence epilepsy. [20] Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of absence seizures is not fully understood. [reference.medscape.com]

CONCLUSION: Improved preventive care, seizure detection, and rescue medication education may advance pre-hospital management, and we propose the use of acute status epilepticus intervention teams to initiate and incorporate in-hospital interventions as [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Also, preventing seizures prevents the injuries and accidents that may occur because of a seizure. [merckmanuals.com]

The main thing is to prevent them from injuring themselves. Put something soft under their head, remove any sharp or unstable objects from the area and stay with them. There is no danger they will swallow their tongue. [healthdirect.gov.au]