One set of twins presented with normal intelligence and normal receptive language skills but with expressive language and oral motor sequencing difficulties. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Weight Gain

  The phenelzine was generally well-tolerated and weight gain was the most common side effect. No hypertensive reactions or serotonin syndromes occurred. There was no recurrence of mutism after medication discontinuation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Asymptomatic

  A third participant was reported asymptomatic at 20 weeks poststudy. Treatment compliance was high. Parent treatment acceptability ratings were highly favorable. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Vietnamese

  This case of a Vietnamese man with selective mutism underscores the relevance of the 'cultures' of medicine, psychiatry, and war and trauma on the manifestations of illness and illness perceptions by patient and physician. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pharyngitis

  Polyvagal theory proposes that the regulation of the vagal brake is a neurophysiological component of an integrated social engagement system that includes the neural regulation of the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Psychiatric Symptoms

  Parent and teacher rating scales showed high levels of anxiety symptoms, especially social anxiety, and low levels of all other psychiatric symptoms. Anxiety and social anxiety severity correlated with mutism severity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Self-report psychiatric symptoms in twins and their nontwin relatives: Are twins different? American Journal of Medical Genetics, 60, 588 -591. [journals.sagepub.com]

• Claustrophobia

  Selective mutism, experts say, it probably represents one end of a spectrum of social anxieties that includes everything from a fear of eating in public to stage fright and claustrophobia (fear of narrow places). [brighttots.com]

• Distractibility

  […] easily frustrated, stubborn, inflexible, etc) Within the classroom, a child with sensory difficulties may demonstrate one or more of the following symptoms; withdrawal, playing alone or not playing at all, hesitation in responding (even nonverbally), distractibility [web.archive.org]

• Denial

  They may also exhibit dramatic mood swings, crying spells, withdrawal, avoidance, denial, and procrastination. [web.archive.org]

• Behavior Problem

  Abstract The goal of this study was to develop an empirically derived classification system for selective mutism (SM) using parent-report measures of social anxiety, behavior problems, and communication delays. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  No differences among the groups were found with respect to parent-and teacher-reported externalizing behavior problems. [doi.org]

  However, SM is due to anxiety rather than a behavioral problem. [bu.edu]

• Average Intelligence

  * They tend to worry about things more than others * They can be very sensitive to noise and crowds * Find it difficult to talk about themselves or express their feelings On the positive side, many sufferers have: * Above-average intelligence, perception [web.archive.org]

  intelligence, perception, or inquisitiveness Creativity and a love for art or music Empathy and sensitivity to others' thoughts and feelings A strong sense of right and wrong [13] Causes [ edit ] Selective mutism (SM) is an umbrella term for the condition [en.wikipedia.org]

• Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure

  The second (Case 2) was a 15-year-old girl with generalized tonic-clonic seizures which began at age 10 years. Zonisamide was also effective against her seizures, but obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD) developed at age 13 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Further development of treatments targeting specific etiological factors, comparative treatment studies and determination of optimal involvement of families and schools in treatment are needed to improve outcomes for children with SM. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis includes a chronic course that confers risk for other disorders or ongoing social disability, but more favorable outcomes may be associated with young age and low symptom severity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This review will summarize the current understanding of selective mutism with regard to diagnosis, epidemiology, cause, prognosis, and treatment. [dx.doi.org]

Early diagnosis and timely treatment also improves the overall prognosis. [news-medical.net]

Prognosis is poorer in children older than 12 years who have social phobia than in younger children. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Abstract Speculation continues regarding the accurate classification of selective mutism and potential etiologic factors. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This review will summarize the current understanding of selective mutism with regard to diagnosis, epidemiology, cause, prognosis, and treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The genetic epidemiology of phobias in women. The interrelationship of agoraphobia, social phobia, situational phobia, and simple phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 273 -281. [journals.sagepub.com]

BACKGROUND: Selective mutism (SM), considered an early-onset variant of social anxiety disorder, shares features of impaired social interaction and communication with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) suggesting a possible shared pathophysiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] sample of 408 parent-youth dyads of African American adolescents versus Latino and white adolescents that used the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) found that parents tended to significantly underreport anxiety symptoms. [7] Pathophysiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

The treatment consisted of 21 sessions and included modules on psychoeducation, exposure, cognitive restructuring, social skills, and maintenance and relapse prevention. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This myth can prevent parents from seeking help out of fear of what others might think and say. It can also prevent children from receiving much needed treatment for anxiety disorders. [anxietycanada.com]

The reality is that children with selective mutism do not grow out of the anxiety that prevents them from speaking. [goodtherapy.org]