Presentation
Fevers are usually low-grade and rigors are only present in a minority of cases. [patient.info]
Delay in presentation was defined as the interval, in days, between the onset of symptoms attributable to septic arthritis and presentation of the patient to medical services. [doi.org]
Abstract The clinical presentation of 41 adult patients with infectious arthritis has been reviewed with special emphasis on initial synovial fluid leukocytosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
fatigue syndrome ; Sect. 5: Psychiatric and addiction disorders -- pt. 18: Poisoning, drug overdose, and envenomation -- pt. 19: Disorders associated with environmental exposures. [worldcat.org]
Musculoskeletal
- Joint Effusion
Ultrasonography is useful in confirming a joint effusion in a deeply placed joint such as the hip. It can also be used to guide joint aspiration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has no role in the initial workup. [emedicine.com]
These are the most sensitive methods for diagnosing periarticular abscesses, joint effusions and osteomyelitis. [patient.info]
Intra‐articular pressure is increased (secondary to joint effusion), which mechanically reduces blood/nutrient supply to the joint and increases cellular damage (Farrow 2015; Shirtliff 2002). [cochranelibrary.com]
- Knee Pain
Derek Isenberg and Dorian Jacobs, Knee Pain and Fever, Visual Journal of Emergency Medicine, 3, (15), (2016). Jacob Daynes, Matthew F. [doi.org]
- Arthralgia
Gonococcal disease usually presents with fever, arthralgia, multiple skin lesions (dermatitis-arthritis syndrome) and tenosynovitis of the hand joints, knees, wrists, ankles and elbows. [patient.info]
Neurologic
- Headache
The symptoms usually include fever (which may be quite high), chills, general weakness and headaches, followed by inflammation of one or more joints. [rarediseases.org]
Other symptoms may include fever, weakness and headache. Occasionally, more than one joint may be involved.Causes include bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. [en.wikipedia.org]
Chapter 80: Constipation -- Chapter 81: Delirium -- Chapter 82: Diarrhea -- Chapter 83: Disorders of the Eye -- Chapter 84: Dizziness and Vertigo -- Chapter 85: Dyspnea -- Chapter 86: Edema -- Chapter 87: Falls -- Chapter 88: Fever and Rash -- Chapter 89: Headache [worldcat.org]
Workup
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has no role in the initial workup. The use of this expensive and time-consuming modality should be reserved for situations in which simpler measures, such as joint aspiration, fail to provide a diagnosis. [emedicine.com]
Treatment
Especially in infants, treatment delay or inappropriate treatment may result in cartilage destruction, avascular necrosis and physeal injury [ 5, 6 ], with an increased risk of severe deformation and functional impairment. [doi.org]
A secondary objective was to quantify test and treatment thresholds using derived estimates of sensitivity and specificity, as well as best-evidence diagnostic and treatment risks and anticipated benefits from appropriate therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
In contrast, gonococcal arthritis is often successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy alone and demonstrates a very low rate of complications and an excellent prognosis for full return of normal joint function. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Recent reports using a staging system based on arthroscopic findings have proven that the prognosis worsens as the stage advances [ 10, 11 ]. [doi.org]
Prognosis [ 1 ] Mortality rates of bacterial arthritis range from 10-20%, depending on the presence of comorbid conditions, such as older age, co-existing renal or cardiac disease and concurrent immunosuppression. [patient.info]
Chapter 99: Pain -- Chapter 100: Suspected Intoxication and Overdose -- Chapter 101: Syncope -- Chapter 102: Tachycardia -- Chapter 103: The Geriatric History and Physical Examination -- Chapter 104: The Neurologic Examination -- Chapter 105: Using Prognosis [worldcat.org]
Etiology
From the theoretical standpoint, the interactions between infectious agents and patients with impaired immunity suggest ways in which the same or similar agents could be responsible for arthritis of unknown etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
PubMed Google Scholar Nelson JD: The bacterial etiology and antibiotic management of septic arthritis in infants and children. Pediatrics. 1972, 50: 437-440. PubMed Google Scholar Gillespie R: Septic arthritis of childhood. [doi.org]
Epidemiology
Preventive measures directed to patients with prosthetic joints or osteosynthetic material, and a known haematogenous source would have prevented at most 8% of all cases. bacterial arthritis prosthetic joint infection epidemiology prevention Statistics [doi.org]
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infectious arthritis can help prevent significant morbidity and mortality. [ 1 ] Epidemiology Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent pathogen responsible for septic arthritis in any age group, mainly meticillin-sensitive [patient.info]
Pathophysiology
Knowledge of PID syndromes both enhances the diagnostic capabilities of physicians and provides understanding the pathophysiology of bone and joint abnormalities associated with immune dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
Preventive measures directed to patients with prosthetic joints or osteosynthetic material, and a known haematogenous source would have prevented at most 8% of all cases. bacterial arthritis prosthetic joint infection epidemiology prevention Statistics [doi.org]
Some of these approaches are commented upon in this review: e.g. vaccination procedures to prevent septic arthritis and sepsis, as well as therapeutic procedures to minimize joint damage during an ongoing infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Preventive (prophylactic) antibiotics may be helpful for people at high risk. Bacterial arthritis; Non-gonococcal bacterial arthritis Cook PP, Siraj DS. Bacterial arthritis. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR, eds. [nlm.nih.gov]
Chapter 16: Patient-Centered Care -- Chapter 17: Harnessing Data to Make Quality Improvement Decisions: Measurement and Measures -- Chapter 18: Standardization and Reliability -- Chapter 19: Tools to Identify Problems and Reduce Risks -- Chapter 20: Preventing [worldcat.org]