Extrinsic compression [ edit ] Airways can be compressed from vascular structures, such as vascular rings, lymphadenopathy, or tumors. Congestive heart failure [ edit ] Airway edema may cause wheezing in CHF. [en.wikipedia.org]

It is important not to forget that the lung function-based criterion ( Box 1 ) (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV 1 ] 1 /FVC [forced vital capacity]: a parameter of airway obstruction) is low; this proviso is important, because restrictive lung [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]