The present study aims at analysing the problems of persons with severe mental retardation and multiple disabilities in terms of presenting complaints, previous consultations, aetiological factors and associated problems. [indianjpsychiatry.org]

Eight general categories are identified and clinical examples are presented to compare and contrast severely and mildly retarded in each category. [youtube.com]

Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 21, 3, 161-80, Sep 77 Presented are results of a study of the incidence, prevalence, gestational age, birth weight, associated central nervous system disorders, and etiological and pathogenetic aspects of 161 severely [eric.ed.gov]

Characterize the relationship between the age of presentation and the severity level of mental retardation. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

Gender and cultural differences in presentation Individualized testing are always required to make the diagnosis of Mental Retardation. [courses.lumenlearning.com]

• Pathologist

  The role of speech-language pathologists and audiologists in service delivery for persons with mental retardation and developmental disabilities in community settings. Asha, 32 (Suppl. 2), 5–6. [pubs.asha.org]

  Your child’s evaluation process might include visits to specialists, who may include a: psychologist speech pathologist social worker pediatric neurologist developmental pediatrician physical therapist Laboratory and imaging tests may also be performed [healthline.com]

• Multiple Congenital Anomalies

  Phenotypically, the family overlaps with several known MCA (multiple congenital anomalies)/MR syndromes. [nature.com]

  Syndromic XLMR Syndromic or specific XLMR implies that beside mental retardation the affected individuals present other manifestations that can include them in one of the categories: syndromes, characterized by multiple congenital anomalies affecting [intechopen.com]

• Anemia

  Physical damage & disorders  Injury  Syphilis  Hypoxia  Toxoplasmosis, herpes  Radiation simplex Endocrine disorders  Hypothyroidism  Hypoparathyrodism —  Diabetes mellitus  Hypertension Intoxication  Nutrition growth retardation  Rubella  Anemia [slideshare.net]

• Fracture

  They can fracture the skull and cause brain damage. Institutionalization at a young age can cause intellectual disability in normal children. [autism-help.org]

  When Luis Mata was six, he fell off a truck, badly fracturing his skull, but his family was too poor to obtain medical treatment for him. [hrw.org]

• Severe Mental Retardation

  I urge the American Psychological Association (APA) to classify radical feminism as a sign of severe mental retardation and any other associated disorder. It's time we get these poor, deluded souls the help they so desperately need. [change.org]

  Persons with severe mental retardation and multiple disabilities numbering 164 who sought services at NIMH over a period of 15 months were studied. They formed 22% of the total number of mentally retarded individuals registered during the period. [indianjpsychiatry.org]

  Abstract Twenty-seven community studies of severe mental retardation, defined as IQ less than 50, were reviewed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  mentally retarded children in Northern Sweden. [eric.ed.gov]

• Low Self-Esteem

  […] stubbornness low self-esteem low tolerance for frustration psychotic disorders difficulty paying attention Some people with ID may also have specific physical characteristics. [healthline.com]

  A counselor or therapist can also help retarded children cope with the low self-esteem that often results from the realization that they are different from other children, including siblings. [psychology.jrank.org]

  Psychosocial aspects of TS girls life seem to be impaired by low self-esteem, social isolation and peer relationships. Differences in appearance, short stature and the delay in the onset of puberty affect their self –esteem. [intechopen.com]

• Aggressive Behavior

  There are many adaptive behavior scales, and accurate assessment of the quality of someone's adaptive behavior requires clinical judgment as well. [psychology.wikia.org]

  The prevalence of aggressive behavior was highest among persons with severe mental retardation (40.6%), with fairly consistent rates (between 24.7% and 30.6%) reported for other groups. Hurting self. [aspe.hhs.gov]

• Withdrawn

  24.4 33.5 31.2 23.6 Cries for long period for no apparent reason 14.6 11.6 9.8 16.0 10.5 15.2 12.5 MOODS (excludes persons with profound mental retardation) Frequently worried/ apprehensive 28.0 35.9 30.1 33.3 32.8 13.0 31.4 Frequently unresponsive/ withdrawn [aspe.hhs.gov]

• Global Developmental Delay

  People with mental retardation may be described as having developmental disabilities, global developmental delay, or learning difficulties. [autism-help.org]

  Establishing the diagnosis of mental retardation Developmental disabilities may affect children in a single domain or in several arias of their life: global developmental delay, motor impairment, isolated speech and language delay, severe primary sensorial [intechopen.com]

  "Absence of arcuate fasciculus in children with global developmental delay of unknown etiology: a diffusion tensor imaging study". J Pediatr. 152 (2): 250–5. doi : 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.06.037. PMID 18206698. ^ "Definition". [en.wikipedia.org]

• Language Delays

  "Language delays, reading delays and learning difficulties: Interactive elements requiring multidimensional programming". Journal of Learning Disabilities. 40 (5): 400–409. doi : 10.1177/00222194070400050301. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Their receptive language is better than their expressive language, although both are delayed. [intechopen.com]

However, little is known about their pathobiology and treatments are largely unconfirmed by controlled trials. [centerwatch.com]

Sadly, most of these poor souls are left without proper treatment, simply because their symptoms are not recognized as a sign of the severe mental disorder they clearly have. [change.org]

Discuss your child's treatment and support options with your health care provider or social worker so that you can help your child reach their full potential. [medlineplus.gov]

Overview A diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) carries with it certain unique treatment needs that must be understood and addressed. [emedicine.medscape.com]

PROGNOSIS  The prognosis for children with metal retardation has improved & institutional care is no longer recommended.  These children are mainstreamed whenever feasible & are taught survival skills.  A multidimensional orientation is used when working [slideshare.net]

Prognosis Individuals with mild to moderate mental retardation are frequently able to achieve some self-sufficiency and to lead happy and fulfilling lives. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

When it is connected with fetal developmental deviations, the prognosis depends on the infant's general condition. [emedicine.medscape.com]

All of these problems are frequently encountered in profoundly retarded individuals who are nonambulatory." 3 The present study adds further evidence that the prognosis for persons with such severe handicaps is poor. [nejm.org]

Abstract Individuals with mental disabilities are a heterogeneous group, mainly when we consider the etiology of mental retardation (MR). [liebertpub.com]

Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 21, 3, 161-80, Sep 77 Presented are results of a study of the incidence, prevalence, gestational age, birth weight, associated central nervous system disorders, and etiological and pathogenetic aspects of 161 severely [eric.ed.gov]

Published on Jul 8, 2019 This presentation describes the etiology of mental retardation and discusses the potential for rehabilitation counselling and work potential in the various levels of retardation. [youtube.com]

Recognize the importance of obtaining a detailed family history (three generations) as part of the etiologic evaluation of mental retardation. Know the mechanism of inheritance for Fragile X. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

The etiological factors are both biological and psychosocial. In approximately 30%-40% of individuals seen in clinical settings, no clear etiology for the Mental Retardation can be determined despite extensive evaluation efforts. [courses.lumenlearning.com]

Topics include behavioral, biochemical, clinical, cyto-, immuno-, molecular, neuro-, and population genetics; counseling, dysmorphology, gene therapy, epidemiology, and genomics. [eurekalert.org]

Links: epidemiology aetiology clinical features multiplicy of handicaps differential diagnosis preventive measures services mental handicap [gpnotebook.com]

Epidemiology  About 3% of the world population is estimated to be mentally retarded.  In India, 5 out of 1000 children are mentally retarded (The Indian Express, 13th March 2001).  Mental retardation is more common in boys than girls.  With severe [slideshare.net]

Epidemiology of mental retardation in children. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 1998;4:6-13. Smith R (Editor). Children with mental retardation: a parents' guide. Rockville, MD: Woodbine House; 1993. [autismtruths.org]

Thus far, the project has established a pathophysiological basis for stereotyped behavior disorder, demonstrated the role of central dopamine deficiency in stereotyped behavior disorder, and provided evidence of the efficacy of both 5-HT uptake inhibitors [clinicaltrials.gov]

[Go to the Genetics Home Reference Web site] Right now, we do not know how to prevent most conditions that cause intellectual disability. However, there are some causes that can be prevented. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is one such cause. [autismtruths.org]

Preventive measures Some types of mental retardation can be prevented through genetic counseling to determine the risk of a couple having a retarded baby. [psychology.jrank.org]

Can intellectual disability be prevented? The prevention of intellectual disability refers to measures that reduce the risk of developmental issues in the community. A large number of these practices are related to maternal and child healthcare. [whiteswanfoundation.org]

Newborn screening and immediate treatment for PKU and hyperthyroidism can usually catch these disorders early enough to prevent retardation. Good prenatal care can also help prevent retardation. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Vaccinations can prevent pregnant women from getting infections such as German measles that can harm developing fetuses. Preventing toxo-plasmois and avoiding drugs and alcohol during pregnancy also help prevent mental retardation. [humanillnesses.com]