Blue mussel The purpose of this quarantine is to protect the public from deadly poisons that may be present in bivalve mollusks, such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops. [ocbeachinfo.com]

Fish Nutrition aims to present the state of knowledge of basic and applied nutritional requirements of fishes. Most of the information found in this book involves salmonids, their nutrition, and metabolism of nutrients. [books.google.com]

The neoSTX was not present in the gastric content sample, indicating that the oxidation of N(1) in the STX tetrahydropurine nucleus resulted neoSTX, in a similar way that GTX3/GTX2 epimers were transformed in GTX4/GTX1 epimers. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Detection of ASP (Domoic acid) group in bivalve molluscs Fast: 41 samples in about 1 hour Simple: One step assay after extraction Quantitative: Working range: 2 - 80 mg/Kg Suitable for: Bivalve Molluscs Kit presentation: 96 tests kits Equipment: Microtiter [zeulab.com]

• Fatigue

  Once consumed by humans they cause ciguatera food poisoning – an unpleasant gastrointestinal illness which is followed by neurological symptoms such as depression and fatigue. [medic8.com]

• Dyspnea

  Neurological symptoms reported include nervousness, dilated pupils, severe headache, numbness, tingling, hypersalivation, dyspnea, progressive muscular paralysis, convulsions, coma, and death. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Aspiration

  Bile acids and neutral sterols were quantitated in bile obtained by duodenal aspiration. The bile acid composition did not differ significantly in the sitosterolemic subject compared with the normal controls. [raysahelian.com]

• Vomiting

  DSP (Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning) is usually a generally mild gastrointestinal disorder involving nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain accompanied by chills, headache and fever. [epi.publichealth.nc.gov]

  Some of the tips suggested include: Do not try and stop the vomiting. Some doctors may induce vomiting or use stomach pump to remove the toxin, especially if within three hours of ingestion of contaminated shellfish. [firstaidregina.ca]

  As all of these forms of poisoning cause vomiting and diarrhoea then fluids will need to be replaced which have become depleted as a result of these. [medic8.com]

  A second type of allergy, which features nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps, can also occur after eating mussels. [livestrong.com]

  In addition to nausea and vomiting, they both complain of altered sensation affecting their hands and feet. Both patients were previously well. Questions Q1. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

• Nausea

  […] memory loss, which may be permanent Nausea and vomiting Abdominal cramps and diarrhea Confusion In severe cases, coma and death Diarrheal shellfish poisoning Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Treatment for Shellfish Poisoning Shellfish poisoning may or may [firstaidregina.ca]

  A second type of allergy, which features nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps, can also occur after eating mussels. [livestrong.com]

  The characteristic symptoms appear within a few minutes and include nausea, lightheadedness, vomiting, and tingling or numbness around the mouth, followed by paralysis of the extremities and, possibly, respiratory paralysis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Diarrhoeic poisoning Diarrhoea is the main symptom - hence the name but it also includes other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, chills and abdominal pains. [medic8.com]

  Symptoms typically appear from 10 to 30 minutes after consumption, and include nausea, tingling of the lips, face, neck, legs, and other extremities, shortness of breath, and a loss of coordination. [danapointfishcompany.com]

• Diarrhea

  DSP (Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning) is usually a generally mild gastrointestinal disorder involving nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain accompanied by chills, headache and fever. [epi.publichealth.nc.gov]

  DSP causes severe cramping and diarrhea, along with nausea. Symptoms typically develop within 30 minutes of ingestion. While it may not be fatal, the resulting diarrhea can cause severe dehydration. [danapointfishcompany.com]

  Confusion In severe cases, coma and death Diarrheal shellfish poisoning Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Treatment for Shellfish Poisoning Shellfish poisoning may or may not be an emergency. [firstaidregina.ca]

  Signs of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning include numbness, tingling in the mouth, arms and legs, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. It is rarely fatal, and recovery usually occurs in two to three days. [livestrong.com]

  The most common symptoms, which started 1-2 hours after consumption of the mussels, were paresthesias, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, weakness and a “floating sensation” that is said to be characteristic of PSP. [thepoisonreview.com]

• Food Poisoning

  Scombroid poisoning is discussed further in our fish food poisoning section. [medic8.com]

  Your pregnancy and baby guide: foods to avoid Food poisoning Antenatal care Eating well for pregnancy Page last reviewed: 13/06/2015 Next review due: 13/06/2021 [nhs.uk]

  These can lead to conditions like Bali belly, Delhi belly, Montezuma’s revenge, traveller’s diarrhoea or just old fashioned food poisoning. [travelinsurancedirect.com.au]

  Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning Palytoxin poisoning Paralytic shellfish poisoning Tetrodotoxin poisoning Other types of seafood food poisoning cause gastroenteritis, but do not specifically cause paraesthesiae: diarrhetic shellfish poisoning scombroid [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  Code Type 2 Excludes nicotine dependence ( F17.- ) noxious foodstuffs - see Poisoning, food, noxious plants, noxious - see Poisoning, food, noxious, plants NEC ptomaine - see Poisoning, food radiation J70.0 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code J70.0 Acute pulmonary [icd10data.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  DSP (Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning) is usually a generally mild gastrointestinal disorder involving nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain accompanied by chills, headache and fever. [epi.publichealth.nc.gov]

  Abdominal pain. Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. Dizziness. Fainting. Anaphylaxis: sudden, severe, potentially fatal, systemic allergic reaction that can involve several areas of the body. Cleveland Clinic News & More Cleveland Clinic News & More [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Consuming raw or undercooked shellfish containing the bacteria could lead to an infection with symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and even septicemia. [foodpoisonjournal.com]

  Diarrhoeic poisoning Diarrhoea is the main symptom - hence the name but it also includes other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, chills and abdominal pains. [medic8.com]

• Headache

  DSP (Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning) is usually a generally mild gastrointestinal disorder involving nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain accompanied by chills, headache and fever. [epi.publichealth.nc.gov]

  The following symptoms have been reported after ciguatera poisoning: Nausea, vomiting, profuse water diarrhea Abdominal pain with cramps Diaphoresis Myalgias, arthralgias, ataxia, weakness Headaches, blurry vision, vertigo Seizure Peripheral dysthesias [calpoison.org]

  After eating clams from Starrigavan Beach in Sitka, a man reported tingling in his left hand and lips, and a woman reported tingling along with a headache -- the most benign effects of the poisoning, which can kill a person just a few hours after ingesting [adn.com]

  These are then followed by neurological symptoms which include: Headache Mental confusion Dizziness/disorientation Memory loss Visual disturbances Seizures In severe cases, paralysis and even death may occur. [medic8.com]

  The first evidence of PSP intoxication usually begins with a tingling sensation or numbness around lips within 5-30 minutes of ingestion, gradually spreading to face and neck, a prickly sensation in fingertips and toes as well as headache and dizziness [pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca]

• Paresthesia

  Shortly after ingestion, she developed lip and tongue paresthesias. Four hours after ingestion, she became nauseated, vomited, and had abdominal pain. She presented with decreased strength in both of her legs. [calpoison.org]

  The most common symptoms, which started 1-2 hours after consumption of the mussels, were paresthesias, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, weakness and a “floating sensation” that is said to be characteristic of PSP. [thepoisonreview.com]

  One form, paralytic shellfish poisoning, is caused by species of Gonyaulax, and is characterized by paresthesias of the mouth, lips, face, and limbs, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; in rare severe cases muscle weakness or paralysis and respiratory embarrassment [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] were gathered 3.2 Probable case Clinical illness within 12 hours of consumption of bivalve mollusk shellfish (e.g. oysters, clams, mussels) 4.0 Laboratory Comments 5.0 Clinical Evidence Clinical illness is characterized by neurological symptoms such as paresthesia [canada.ca]

  Symptoms included numbness of mouth (five men), vomiting (four), paresthesia of extremities (four), numbness and tingling of tongue (two), numbness of face (two), numbness of throat (one), and periorbital edema (one). [cdc.gov]

• Flaccid Paralysis

  paralysis, respiratory paralysis Q5. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  […] and incoordination; slurred speech; normal reflexes Grade 3 - Generalized flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure (dyspnea), aphonia, and fixed/dilated pupils; patient still conscious Grade 4 - Severe respiratory failure and hypoxia; hypotension, bradycardia [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Neurologic Manifestation

  Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and neurological manifestations are common. Knowing where the fish or shellfish was caught can often aid in establishing the diagnosis. However, refrigerated transport of seafood now complicates the assessment. [calpoison.org]

Treatment for shellfish poisoning This often depends upon the species of shellfish and the type of toxin (or toxins). But it is important to remember that there are no specific treatments for these toxins. [medic8.com]

Treatment of ciguatera poisoning is primarily supportive. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Evidence-based treatment recommendations enable you to manage diseases confidently. Pocket-sized format provides access to need-to-know information quickly and easily. Highlights new evidence and content surrounding mental health and traveling. [books.google.com]

The evidence base for these treatments is purely anecdotal. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

Anaphylasis is a medical emergency that requires treatment with an epinephrine (adrenaline) injection (experienced travelers often carry an “epi” pen) and a trip to the emergency room. [healthytravelblog.com]

The prognosis is favorable for patients who survive beyond 12-18 hours (3). Because PSP has no specific treatment or antidote, treatment is supportive. [cdc.gov]

The prognosis is good if the patient survives the first 12 hours. Muscle weakness may persist for weeks in surviving victims. Management includes supportive care and early intervention for respiratory failure. [calpoison.org]

The prognosis of shellfish-associated infections is generally good, except for outbreaks of Vibrio vulnificus infection, which have a mortality rate of up to 50% in vulnerable people. [academic.oup.com]

While evaluating patients with seafood poisoning with neurological symptoms, health care providers must consider other etiologies as well. [calpoison.org]

The majority of reported seafood-associated illnesses have unidentified etiologies and are assumed to be viral. [academic.oup.com]

On June 6, 2011, the Section of Epidemiology (SOE) of the Alaska Division of Public Health was notified of a case of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in southeast Alaska. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] related, ingested shellfish OR detection of high levels of dinoflagellates associated with shellfish poisoning in water from which epidemiologically related shellfish were gathered 3.2 Probable case Clinical illness within 12 hours of consumption of [canada.ca]

Enteric Diseases Br, Div of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases; Div of Field Epidemiology, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC. [cdc.gov]

Local health jurisdictions: immediately notifiable to the Washington State Department of Health (DOH) Communicable Disease Epidemiology (CDE) (1-877-539-4344 or 206-418-5500). [doh.wa.gov]

Viruses Epidemiological evidence gathered in recent years suggests that human enteric viruses are the most common pathogens transmitted by bivalve shellfish [ 25 ]. [academic.oup.com]

[…] comprise the A. tamarense species complex. [4] In Asia, PSP is mostly associated with the occurrence of the species Pyrodinium bahamense. [5] Also some pufferfish, including chamaeleon puffer, contain saxitoxin, making their consumption hazardous. [6] Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]

This has important implications for the understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and for therapeutic recommendations. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jun;77(6):1864-72. Shellfish questions Q. [raysahelian.com]

Pathophysiology The toxins responsible for most shellfish poisonings are water-soluble, are heat and acid-stable, and are not inactivated by ordinary cooking methods. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Get the skills you need now with new information on global humanitarian relief and expedition medicine, plus expanded coverage of injury prevention and environmental preservation. [books.google.com]

Prevention: Before harvesting shellfish check the Marine Biotoxin Hotline (1-800-562-5632) or web site for updates on affected sites and site closures, which may not always have signs posted. [doh.wa.gov]

How to prevent food poisoning when travelling Avoid the greens Good news for salad haters, when you’re in places that are known for having unsanitary tap water, like Southeast Asia, you have to be wary about the greens (or any raw produce). [travelinsurancedirect.com.au]

However, there is no prevention or cure for it, and it can't be detected by tests. Even a onetime episode of this type of reaction is cause for avoiding mussels in the future. [livestrong.com]