Presentation
The shuA gene is present in a discrete locus, designated the haem transport locus, containing eight open reading frames. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Respiratoric
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Pneumonia
Neisseria meningitidis, Shigella pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
About Conjugate Vaccines Conjugate vaccines are largely used to prevent important invasive bacterial diseases such as bacteraemia (bloodstream infection), pneumonia, and meningitis, with the market leader achieving nearly USD3 billion in annual sales [businesswire.com]
Shigellosis, unspecified 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code Applicable To Bacillary dysentery NOS Group A A03.0 ICD-10-CM Codes Adjacent To A03.0 A02.20 Localized salmonella infection, unspecified A02.21 Salmonella meningitis A02.22 Salmonella pneumonia [icd10data.com]
Gastrointestinal
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Diarrhea
Six strains belonging to provisional serovars of S. dysenteriae were also identified for the first time in patients hospitalized with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Snapshot A 6-year-old girl is brought in to the emergency department for a 2-day history of fever and watery diarrhea. This morning, the diarrhea contained some blood. She had just traveled to Bangladesh to visit relatives. [medbullets.com]
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Abdominal Pain
Shigellosis is a worldwide disease, characterized by abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and the passage of blood- and mucus-streaked stools. Rhesus monkeys and other primates are the only animals that are naturally susceptible to shigellosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Critical Essential Core Tested Community Questions (3) (M1.MC.42) A 14-year-old boy presents with abdominal pain and diarrhea after returning from an East Asian vacation. Stool sample reveals the presence of red and white blood cells. [medbullets.com]
The most commonly observed signs associated with Shigella dysentery include: Diarrhea Cramping Abdominal pain Malnutrition Rectal prolapse Tenesmus Reactive arthritis Anemia [quiplabs.com]
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Nausea
Nausea, vomiting, myalgias, and dehydration were frequently noted. [cdc.gov]
There is also fever and nausea that accompany the diarrhea. Some people however also suffer from vomiting and cramping, and some show no symptoms at all. [web.uconn.edu]
Shigella infections can cause stomach cramps, nausea and diarrhoea, and worryingly it is also increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Read on for five more Shigella facts that you may not know… 1. [biocote.com]
Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting and abdominal tenderness (3). In children under two years of age, the high fever may lead to convulsions or seizures (1). [austincc.edu]
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Blood in Stool
Stool sample reveals the presence of red and white blood cells. Stool culture shows growth of immobile, non-lactose fermenting gram-negative rods. [medbullets.com]
Various tests, such as blood films, stool microscopy, stool culture and cerebrospinal fluid cultures, were conducted to determine the cause of this case of Shigellosis, but all came up negative. [en.citizendium.org]
DD Online Shigellosis supplement to DD44 2 Page 3 4 Treatment of shigellosis in children Children with visible blood in stools should be presumed to have shigellosis and be treated accordingly. [rehydrate.org]
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Hyperactive Bowel Sounds
On physical exam, she is febrile, has hyperactive bowel sounds, and abdominal tenderness to palpation. A stool culture and Gram stain reveals lactose-fermenting, gram - rods. She is admitted for immediate rehydration and treatment. [medbullets.com]
Neurologic
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Meningism
About Conjugate Vaccines Conjugate vaccines are largely used to prevent important invasive bacterial diseases such as bacteraemia (bloodstream infection), pneumonia, and meningitis, with the market leader achieving nearly USD3 billion in annual sales [businesswire.com]
10-CM Diagnosis Code A03.9 Shigellosis, unspecified 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code Applicable To Bacillary dysentery NOS Group A A03.0 ICD-10-CM Codes Adjacent To A03.0 A02.20 Localized salmonella infection, unspecified A02.21 Salmonella meningitis [icd10data.com]
Meninges — Outer covering of the spinal cord and brain. Infection is called meningitis, which can lead to damage to the brain or spinal cord and lead to death. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
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Febrile Seizures
seizures Please rate topic. [medbullets.com]
Workup
Colonoscopy
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Colitis
The illness resembled fulminant ulcerative colitis and its infectious nature was difficult to establish because several fecal cultures failed to grow the pathogen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
unspecified 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code Applicable To Infectious colitis NOS Infectious enteritis NOS Infectious gastroenteritis NOS Type 1 Excludes colitis NOS ( K52.9 ) diarrhea NOS ( R19.7 ) enteritis NOS ( K52.9 ) gastroenteritis [icd10data.com]
The most commonly observed signs associated with Shigella dysentery include colitis, malnutrition, rectal prolapse, tenesmus, reactive arthritis, and central nervous system problems. [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
Treatment failure with ciprofloxacin occurred in six patients who received cefotaxime and amikacin. There were 38 children below 5 yr of age. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment for shigellosis, independent of the subspecies, requires an antibiotic. Commonly used antibiotics include ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, among others. Opioids should be avoided for treatment of Shigellosis. [en.wikipedia.org]
Prognosis
PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION: Prognosis for those infected is good. This organism can be successfully treated with antibiotics such as ampicillin and ciprofloxacin (in severe cases). Fluids can be given to those individuals suffering from dehydration. [web.uconn.edu]
[…] toxin (enterotoxin) "A" subunit inactivates 60S ribosome kills intestinal cells by inhibiting protein synthesis neurotoxic, cytotoxic, and enterotoxic produced by S. dysenteriae Associated conditions shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) reactive arthritis Prognosis [medbullets.com]
Prognosis Many patients with mild infections need no specific treatment and recover completely. In those with severe infections, antibiotics will decrease the length of symptoms and the number of days bacteria appear in the feces. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Etiology
Abstract Summary Shigella Group A, Type 1 ( S. dysenteriae ), was isolated from 18 (35%) of 51 patients with severe dysentery and was considered the etiological agent in those cases. [ajtmh.org]
BACKGROUND: Shigella is the etiological agent of shigellosis, a disease responsible for more than 500,000 deaths of children per year, in developing countries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Title Genome dynamics and diversity of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery. Journal Nucleic Acids Res 33:6445-58 (2005) DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki954 [genome.jp]
Epidemiology
Abstract Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hands may be an important vehicle for transmission of shigellosis. The present study was carried out to find out the survival potential of Shigella dysenteriae 1 on fingers of volunteers. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
Sites Disease occurs primarily in the left colon and involvement of the terminal ileum is common Disease may occur in other parts of the large bowel Very rarely, fulminant disease occurs because of massive small intestinal invasion (Ikari syndrome) Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
References Pathophysiology of gastrointestinal infections: the role of bismuth subsalicylate. Scottsdale, Arizona, 11-14 February 1988. Proceedings. Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12 Suppl 1:S1-119. Steffen R. [cdc.gov]
Prevention
Amongst milk compounds, glycosylated proteins prevent the adhesion of many enteropathogens in vitro. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Sample public health messages for prevention of Shigella dysenteriae infection 2. Rules for preparing food safely to prevent dysentery 3. Making water safe by chlorination 4. Building a ventilated improved pit latrine 5. [who.int]
Proper food handling is also an important method of prevention, as well as maintaining clean water supplies, which is highly effective. [web.uconn.edu]