It is an uncommon presentation of shigellosis in an immunocompetent person without underlying severe predisposing conditions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Vietnamese

  RESULTS: Through genome sequencing we identified a plasmid-associated inactive form of mcr-1 in a 2008 Vietnamese isolate of Shigella sonnei. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Phylogeny of Vietnamese S. sonnei and map of Vietnam, showing the inferred path of evolution and geographical spread. [holtlab.net]

  Treatment of bacillary dysentery in Vietnamese children: two doses of ofloxacin versus 5-days nalidixic acid. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 94, 323–326 (2000). Article CAS Google Scholar Jeong, H.J. et al. [nature.com]

  A multi-center randomized trial to assess the efficacy of gatifloxacin versus ciprofloxacin for the treatment of shigellosis in Vietnamese children. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 5, e1264 (2011). 20. Vinh, H. et al. [doi.org]

• Malaise

  The bacteria, which is resistant to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, can cause malaise, fever, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. [en.yibada.com]

  The superbug infections can cause watery or bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and malaise. [aboutlawsuits.com]

  Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, malaise and bloody or watery diarrhea. While Shigella-induced diarrhea usually subsides even without treatment, antibiotics may be administered to stop diarrhea sooner. [techtimes.com]

  Nausea and/or vomiting, loss of appetite, headache or malaise can also occur. S. flexneri: Also causes diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cramps, and fever but is often more severe than S. sonnei infection. [ecdc.europa.eu]

  The most common symptoms associated with S. sonnei infections include: watery or bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache and malaise. [who.int]

• Pneumonia

  Pneumonia caused by shigellosis with or without typical dysentery in immunocompetent patients is an uncommon entity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Vibrio vulnificus, Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella enteritidis, Streptococcus gordonii, Lactobacillis sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae [lens.org]

• Diarrhea

  A 20-month-old infant presented to the emergency department with diarrhea and vomiting of six days duration. Blood, stool and urine specimens were collected for both bacteriological culture and parasitic workup. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  It is the leading cause of endemic diarrhea in high income countries. [about-shigella.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Of the 568 (60.6%, 568/937) hospitalized students, 93.3% 86.8%, 72.4%, and 28.9% of the hospitalized patients had diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting, respectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Four teachers had mild abdominal pain and diarrhea. None of them was hospitalized and they recovered well in two to three days. [indianpediatrics.net]

  Causative agent of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), a descending intestinal illness characterized by abdominal pain, fever, large volumes of watery stools, and, 1 to 2 days later, smaller volumes of watery stools that often contain much blood and mucus [catalog.hardydiagnostics.com]

• Nausea

  Symptoms include an acute onset of diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. The infectious dose is very low (as few as 10 organisms) and the bacteria are spread by the fecal-oral route. [meridianbioscience.com]

  —A 23-year-old laboratory technician was admitted to the hospital on Aug. 10 with a history of fever, chills, headache, abdominal cramping, nausea, and diarrhea for four hours [jamanetwork.com]

  […] intestinal lining. crowded population where hygiene/ sanitation is poor (prisons, day care, mental hospitals; men who sleep with men) fecal contaminated food with water 1-3 days; usually 12-96 hours usually 4-7 days; may take weeks diarrhea, fever, nausea [quizlet.com]

  IMage/CDC Shigellosis is a bacterial disease characterized by diarrhea, fever, nausea, and sometimes vomiting, cramps, and toxemia (blood poisoning from toxins produced by the bacteria). The diarrhea will often contain blood and mucus. [outbreaknewstoday.com]

  If you have diarrhea and cannot drink fluids by mouth because of severe nausea, you may need medical care and intravenous (IV) fluids. This is more common in small children who have shigellosis. [nlm.nih.gov]

• Erythema

  Gross pathology consists of mucosal edema, erythema, friability, superficial ulceration, and focal mucosal hemorrhage involving the rectosigmoid junction primarily. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Erythema and induration were each reported by one participant in the boosted and the vaccine-naïve groups, respectively. Most of the local AEs were mild to moderate in severity, had the onset within 6 h post-vaccination and resolved within 4 days. [frontiersin.org]

  Parents were asked to bring their child for examination if there was fever (⩾38°C) or severe local signs (e.g., induration or erythema > 1 cm). [academic.oup.com]

• Suggestibility

  This study suggests that these recent S. sonnei isolates are clonally related and multidrug-resistant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Blood, stool and urine specimens were collected for both bacteriological culture and parasitic workup. Concurrent infections with both Shigella sonnei and Vibrio cholerae were determined to be the cause of the infectious diarrhea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other workup for tick-borne infection including Lyme, Babesia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma was negative. Autoimmune workups including ANA, antismooth muscle, liver/kidney microsome, and mitochondrial antibodies were negative. [hindawi.com]

See Workup for more detail. Management Maintain hydration to compensate for fluid losses from diarrhea. Antibiotic treatment is indicated in most patients with a positive stool culture for Shigella. Treatment can reduce symptoms by 2 days. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Salmonella Typhi

  […] typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella enteritidis, Streptococcus gordonii, Lactobacillis sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterococcus faecalis. [lens.org]

  This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration on reducing foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhi and Shigella sonnei), as well as its impact on moisture content [pubag.nal.usda.gov]

  However, protein of 63.2 kDa in size was only cross-reacting with one non-shigellosis serum (ST01, Salmonella Typhi). [journals.plos.org]

  Safety and immunogenicity in humans of an attenuated Salmonella typhi vaccine vector strain expressing plasmid-encoded hepatitis B antigens stabilized by the Asd-balanced lethal system. ‎ [books.google.ro]

• Escherichia Coli O157:H7

  The risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome after antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342 :1930–1936. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 22. Butler T. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  J Clin Microbiol 32 : 796 – 802. ( 1994 ) A swimming-associated outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis caused by Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Shigella sonnei. [academic.oup.com]

  coli O157:H7 using long-read sequencing. [thelancet.com]

  Google Scholar Ribot EM, Fair MA, Gautom R, Cameron DN, Hunter SB, Swaminathan B, Barrett TJ: Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella for PulseNet. [bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com]

• Helicobacter Pylori

  pylori, Helicobacter felis, Gastrospirillum hominus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella [lens.org]

  Winiecka-Krusnell J, Wreiber K, von Euler A, Engstrand L, Linder E (2002) Free-living amoebae promote growth and survival of Helicobacter pylori. Scand J Infect Dis 34 : 253–256. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 39. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Listeria Monocytogenes

  monocytogenes Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland. 4 School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. 5 Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The immunoprotective composition of claim 1, wherein said attenuated bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis [lens.org]

  Both Shigella species were able to survive in long term coculture assays in low-nutrient medium suggesting that, like Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella species can utilize amoeba debris for nutritional requirements ( 17 ). [aem.asm.org]

• Vibrio Vulnificus

  […] cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella enteritidis, Streptococcus gordonii [lens.org]

• Colitis

  Advertisement Colon non tumor Infectious colitis (specific microorganisms) Shigella of colon Topic Completed: 01 January 2016 Revised: 10 January 2017, last major update January 2016 Copyright: (c) 2003-2017, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. [pathologyoutlines.com]

  However, more severe infection can lead to colitis, ulcerations, bloody/mucoid stools, febrile diarrhoea, toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation and rectal prolapse (Niyogi, 2005; Phalipon et al ., 2008). References: Niyogi S.K. (2005) Shigellosis. [healthcare.bioquell.com]

  Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was significant for hepatic steatosis, hepatomegaly, mild right colitis, and absence of gallstones. [hindawi.com]

  Infection of the GI tract with these bacteria typically causes a watery diarrhea; however, development of hemorrhagic colitis indicates toxin production and risk for extra-intestinal disease, including HUS. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although antibiotics are considered as efficient agents for shigellosis treatment, improper use of these has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Shigella spp. Therefore, finding a new strategy as alternative treatment seems necessary. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Biofield treatment The lyophilized strain of S. sonnei were divided into three groups (G) like G-I (control), G-II (treatment, revived), and G-III (treatment, lyophilized). G-I consider as control. No treatment was given. [omicsonline.org]

Among 19 cases receiving antibiotics, possible treatment failure to first-line antibiotics was identified in at least seven cases (37%, 95% CI 16–62), leading to persistence of symptoms following antimicrobial treatment. [thelancet.com]

After recognition of an outbreak, a standard 5-day treatment protocol was used (according to susceptibility from contacts or locality), and follow-up stool cultures were done on the 7th and 8th days after treatment. [journals.lww.com]

No MSM with ciprofloxacin resistance received ciprofloxacin; the remaining 26/33 (78%) did not receive antimicrobial treatment and their diarrhoea resolved. [sti.bmj.com]

[…] gastroenteritis and fever, especially in paediatric patients under 5 years old and adults with criteria for immunosuppression or chronic diseases, blood and stool cultures provide simple information that is nonetheless very important for the management and prognosis [microbiologyresearch.org]

What Is the Prognosis? In most cases, Shigella infections run their course in 2 to 3 days. [healthychildren.org]

While most infections with S. sonnei result in a short duration of disease, with recovery within a week and low case fatality rate, this is not always the prognosis for immunocompromised cases and complications can occur. [who.int]

The prognosis for shigellosis is generally good and most people recover even without medications within five to seven days. What is shigellosis? Shigellosis is a diarrheal disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella. [medicinenet.com]

Publications "Genome dynamics and diversity of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery." [uniprot.org]

We report an unusual identification of S. sonnei as the only identified pathogen from respiratory specimens, which we therefore consider the most likely etiology of this subacute atypical pneumonia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Shigella was recognized as the etiologic agent for bacillary dysentery in the 1890's, and adopted as a genus in the 1950's and subgrouped into four species. [bacmap.wishartlab.com]

The epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak suggest roles of risky sexual behaviours or networks in S. sonnei transmission. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Article Navigation Israel Defence Force, Medical Corps ; Departments of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Pediatrics, and Human Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Reprints or correspondence: Dr. [academic.oup.com]

Similarly, the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for myonecrosis in Shigellosis and other bacterial infections is unclear. [priory.com]

Shigella.[2] Together with Shigella flexneri, it is responsible for 90% of shigellosis cases.[3] Shigella sonnei is named for the Danish bacteriologist Carl Olaf Sonne.[4][5] It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonmotile, non-spore-forming bacterium.[6] Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Author information 1 Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. 2 Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China. 3 Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Article Navigation Israel Defence Force, Medical Corps ; Departments of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Pediatrics, and Human Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Reprints or correspondence: Dr. [academic.oup.com]

Information on prevention was provided to the family and the appropriate daycare centre or school. [canada.ca]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/shigella/index.html. Accessed June 17, 2015. Shigella infections among gay & bisexual men. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/shigella/msm.html. [mayoclinic.org]