Emergency physicians should strongly consider a diagnosis of sinus barotrauma in patients who present with symptoms of sinusitis and a history of recent flight. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

With grade 1, transient discomfort is present over the affected sinus and clears promptly. The results of plain radiography are normal, and only slight mucosal edema may be present. [ajnr.org]

• Mucosal Edema

  This vacuum effect may be stressful to the sinus mucosal lining and may cause mucosal edema, serosanguineous exudate, and submucosal hematoma. This may cause pain, sometimes abrupt and severe, and possible epistaxis. [ajnr.org]

  Figure C A blocked sinus ostium during a flight descent causes a relative negative intrasinusal pressure, resulting in mucosal edema, hemorrhage, or transudation of serosanguinous fluid to compensate for the decreased volume. [jbsr.be]

  The usual finding is mucosal edema, which can range from slight thickening to total opacification of one or more sinuses. There may be air-fluid (i.e., blood) levels. [medigoo.com]

  The pressure differentials are directed to the center of the sinuses producing mucosal edema, transudation, and mucosal-or submucosal- hematoma, leading to further occlusion of the sinus ostium. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Recent Upper Respiratory Infection

  Half of the patients present a recent upper respiratory infection or symptoms referable to nasal disease. [nasodren.com]

• Abnormal Pulse

  Pulse oximetry –Your doctor will use this instrument to measure the level of oxygen in your blood. This is a simple device that clips on the finger to measure the oxygen level. [knowyourdisease.com]

• Jugular Venous Distention

  There is frequently jugular venous distention with associated decreased cardiac output and hypotension. There is marked tachypnea or shortness of breath with shallow respiration. [divinghbo.com]

• Dry Skin

  Belladonna is best for ear pain with a less sudden onset but with hot and dry skin. A... Effect of high-frequency jet ventilation on oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing thoracic aneurysm surgery. [connection.ebscohost.com]

• Diplopia

  Rupture of a maxillary sinus can cause retro-orbital air with diplopia due to oculomotor dysfunction. Compression of the trigeminal nerve in the maxillary sinus can cause facial paresthesias. [msdmanuals.com]

  […] emesis, nystagmus, tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss Within 30 to 60 minutes of surfacing (> 50 percent), 90 percent by six hours; significant time-depth exposure required Same as above Cerebral DCS Confusion, focal weakness, fatigue, visual loss, diplopia [aafp.org]

• Blurred Vision

  The patient reported severe sudden onset blurred vision in the right eye associated with a mild headache and epistaxis on surfacing from diving. The patient had her first medical review the day after returning from her trip. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Tingling

  Referred pain to the maxillary teeth was due to pressure on the posterior superior alveolar branch and paresthesia with numbness and tingling of the lip and cheek was caused from pressure on the infraorbital nerve prior to its emergence through the infraorbital [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Severe symptoms can include: Numbness and tingling in your arms and legs. Dizziness. Trouble breathing. Staggering or other trouble walking. Trouble seeing. Confusion. Chest pain. Passing out (losing consciousness). [northshore.org]

  The most severe presentation is partial myelopathy referable to the thoracic spinal cord. 10, 15 Patients complain of paresthesias and sensory loss in the trunk and extremities, a tingling or constricting sensation around the thorax, ascending leg weakness [aafp.org]

• Cranial Nerve Involvement

  Existing reports of a similar nature are reviewed and the pathogenesis of cranial nerve involvement in barotrauma is discussed. Guidelines for treatment are suggested. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Maxillary sinus barotrauma with fifth cranial nerve involvement. J Laryngol Otol 1991; 105:217–219. 7.
Campbell PA. Aerosinusitis: its causes, course and treatment. Ann Otol 1944; 53:291–301. 8.
Flottes L. [nasodren.com]

  Murrison AW, Smith DJ, Francis TJ, Counter RT (1991) Maxillary sinus barotrauma with fifth cranial nerve involvement. J Laryngol Otol 105(3):217–219 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 21. [link.springer.com]

• Encephalopathy

  Brain MRI was performed to predict delayed encephalopathy. Over the same period, 88 patients with acute otitis media with effusion on MRI served as control. [connection.ebscohost.com]

  When patients are in a coma, the incidence of delayed encephalopathy increases, and so does the rate of brain abnormalities on MRI [37]. [journals.plos.org]

• Neurologic Manifestation

  Pain and epistaxis are the most common symptoms; rarely, neurological manifestations may occur due to irritation of the facial or infraorbital nerve. [jbsr.be]

• Sinus Opacification

  Comparable with the findings described above, these include mucosal thickening, fluid levels, polypoid masses, and complete sinus opacification. [ajnr.org]

  MRI findings as a mucosal lining exceeding an estimated thickness of 3 mm, a near-total or total sinus opacification, and an air-fluid level. [journals.plos.org]

• Pancreatic Necrosis

  Malcontenti-Wilson, Caterina; Muralidharan, Vijayaragavan; Millar, Ian; Christophi, Christopher // Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery;Aug2007, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p1008 Severe acute pancreatitis is characterized by pancreatic necrosis, resulting in local [connection.ebscohost.com]

Before treatment, divers who required surgery reported significantly more symptoms than divers who were treated conservatively. Post treatment there were no significant differences between the medical and surgical group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The standard of care treatment for diffuse recurrent sinus barotrauma (RSB) is an endoscopic sphenoethmoidectomy with a complete frontal dissection. [uthscsa.influuent.utsystem.edu]

Prognosis All but the acute invasive form carry a good prognosis once the diagnosis is made and treatment completed. Fulminant fungal sinusitis is associated with a 50% mortality rate, even with aggressive surgical and medical treatment. [patient.info]

Outlook (Prognosis) Barotrauma is usually noncancerous ( benign ) and responds to self-care. Hearing loss is almost always temporary. When to Contact a Medical Professional Try home care measures first. [mountsinai.org]

The condition of consciousness may be a risk factor for cognitive sequelae, which may affects the prognosis of CO-poisoning [37]. [journals.plos.org]

This case illustrates a potential confusion between a decompression sickness etiology and a barotraumatic etiology for the observed sensory deficit. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute sinusitis is usually initiated by an acute respiratory tract infection of viral etiology. 急性鼻窦炎常常是由病毒性病因的急性呼吸道感染而发生。 [hujiang.com]

On the other hand, the problem may remain undiagnosed when the history fails to relate the symptoms to exposure to environmental pressure changes or if the focus is on other etiologies. [medigoo.com]

[…] diagnosed when presented to physicians immediately after exposure. [2] [3] On the other hand, the problem may remain undiagnosed when the history fails to relate the symptoms to exposure to environmental pressure changes or if the focus is on other etiologies [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology Although this is less common than acute sinusitis, it remains a reasonably common entity in itself, accounting for about 25 cases per 10,000 person-years in an average UK GP practice [ 2 ]. [patient.info]

The pathophysiology and treatment of frontal sinus barotrauma are reviewed. Emergency physicians should strongly consider a diagnosis of sinus barotrauma in patients who present with symptoms of sinusitis and a history of recent flight. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Otology 464 Downloads 28 Citations Abstract The pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and currently available management of barotrauma affecting the ears and sinuses after scuba diving are reviewed, along with medical standards for resuming scuba diving [link.springer.com]

Related Articles Update on Middle Ear Barotrauma after Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy--Insights on Pathophysiology. [connection.ebscohost.com]

The pathophysiology of sinus barotraumas is related to Boyle-Mariotte’s law. [jbsr.be]

Prevention Obviously, it's best to be aware of the potential for barotrauma and avoid it all together, if possible. [ent.about.com]

Prevention There are a number of measures that you should be familiar with in order to prevent the condition including refraining from diving or travelling by plane when having an infection involving the upper respiratory tract or even severe congestion [firstaidcprmississauga.ca]

Prevention To prevent yourself from experiencing an uncomfortable vacation this summer try taking precautions before you travel to your favorite vacation spot. [share.upmc.com]