Phaldesai Abstract Cysts arising from Skene’s ducts are infrequent and present as interlabial masses in female neonates. The precise etiology of paraurethral cysts is unknown. [todaysclinician.com]

[…] masses of different etiologies may present in a female neonate. [scinapse.io]

Presenting symptoms were dyspareunia (4), urinary tract infections (4), vaginal mass (1), and voiding dysfunction (1). Five patients had more than one presenting symptom. [unboundmedicine.com]

No urinary symptoms were present, and we did not notice any obstruction of the urinary flow. [obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

CASE PRESENTATION A 24 year-old woman presented to the Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery clinic with a chief complaint of "a vaginal bulge". [mathewsopenaccess.com]

• Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection

  Skene duct cysts form if the duct is obstructed, usually because the gland is infected. They occur mainly in adults. Cysts may become infected, leading to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and abscesses. [msdmanuals.com]

  urinary tract infection, urethral drainage, and voiding symptoms.6,7,9,10 Infection of the gland by bacteria leads to inflammatory obstruction of the paraurethral ducts, which give rise to the formation of a cyst or abscess. [journals.sagepub.com]

  urinary tract infections (2). [pubs.rsna.org]

• Aspiration

  Needle aspiration of the cyst content provides diagnostic information as well as therapeutic effect. Treatment consisted of partial excision of the cyst wall and needle aspiration. [scienceopen.com]

  Different therapeutic options are possible (2): needle aspiration, marsupialization, partial excision and ablation. [obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  There was neither surgical intervention nor needle aspiration carried out for treatment. Spontaneous involution had occurred by examination two months later (Figures 1 and 2). [omicsonline.org]

  aspiration (FNA) biopsy: A very fine and hollow needle is inserted where the cyst is noticed; the fluid contained within the cyst is withdrawn. [dovemed.com]

  Because complete or partial excision and marsupialization are more traumatic options than needle aspiration and incisional drainage, thus they should be reserved for adolescents and recurrent cases in newborns. [urologyannals.com]

• Dyspareunia

  Most are small and asymptomatic; large cysts may cause dyspareunia. Diagnose Skene duct cysts by physical examination and, if needed, by ultrasonography or cystoscopy. [msdmanuals.com]

  Unlike this case where the cyst was large, one must search for very small cysts because they may represent a subtle and unrecognized diagnosis of external dyspareunia. [obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  Presenting symptoms include a palpable or visible mass, pain, dyspareunia, dysuria, a distorted voiding stream, and a vaginal discharge. Paraurethral cyst affects 1% to 6% of the female population between 20 and 60 years of age. [scinapse.io]

  Common complaints of all three include urinary tract infection, a mass, dyspareunia, urinary retention, hematuria, dysuria, dyspareunia, and obstructive voiding symptoms [6,10-15]. Patients also may be completely asymptomatic. [medcraveonline.com]

  Presenting symptoms were dyspareunia (4), urinary tract infections (4), vaginal mass (1), and voiding dysfunction (1). Five patients had more than one presenting symptom. [unboundmedicine.com]

• Urinary Retention

  The Skene’s duct cyst can cause urinary retention or anuria; moreover, it can appear as an inter-labial mass in neonates. [ijn.mums.ac.ir]

  The cysts may block the opening of your urethra, causing an inability to pass urine (urinary retention). A suspected UTI, or an infection of the Skene’s glands or surrounding area is promptly treated with antibiotics. [healthline.com]

  […] of Nuck Labia majora, mons pubis Soft, compressible; peritoneum entrapped within round ligament; may mimic inguinal hernia Skene's duct cyst Adjacent to urethral meatus in vestibule Benign, asymptomatic; if large, may cause urethral obstruction and urinary [aafp.org]

  Paraurethral cyst as an unusual cause of acute urinary retention. J Reprod Med. 1989;34:423–425. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 7. Deppisch LM. Cysts of the vagina: Classification and clinical correlations. Obstet Gynecol. 1975;45:632–637. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Imperforate Hymen

  Differential diagnoses include imperforate hymen, urethral prolapse, urethral diverticulum, rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina and prolapsed ectopic ureterocoele.1 ,2 Treatment options vary on observation, needle aspiration and drainage, excision, unroofing [casereports.bmj.com]

  Differential diagnoses include imperforated hymen, urethral prolapse, urethral diverticulum, rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina and prolapsed ectopic ureterocele [4]. [omicsonline.org]

  The differential diagnosis of paraurethral Skene's duct cysts in newborns includes imperforate hymen, Gardner duct cyst, Mullerian duct cyst, urethral prolapse, rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina, prolapsed ectopic ureterocele, condyloma, urethral polyp, [urologyannals.com]

• Clitoromegaly

  In addition, clitoromegaly and a pessary are also seen. region, including leiomyomas and vaginal neoplasms (73). Skene's gland adenocarcinoma resembling a prostatic carcinoma has been described (Table 43) (83). [globehealth.net]

The diagnosis of Skene’s gland abscess can generally be made by history and physical examination, but when the diagnosis is in doubt, further workup with sonography and magnetic resonance imaging may be warranted. [journals.sagepub.com]

Treatment can be performed under local anaesthesia with a topical lidocaine and prilocaine cream. [todaysclinician.com]

Treatment options vary from observation to surgery. [urologyannals.com]

The choice of treatment for this lesion still remains controversial. Surgical excision has been advocated, but non-operative treatment is also gaining popularity nowadays. [ijpediatrics.com]

We considered that total excision was the more reasonable treatment in view of the size of the cyst presented here. References Citing Literature [obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Signal characteristics include: T2 hyperintense signal if uncomplicated may show fluid-fluid levels if there is a complicating hemorrhage 1 Treatment and prognosis Large, symptomatic cysts may warrant surgical excision or marsupialisation, usually with [radiopaedia.org]

However, if the diagnosis of cancer is delayed, the prognosis can be poor. [aafp.org]

This distinction is important because anterior urethral tumors have a better prognosis, drain primarily to the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes, and are treated with local surgical excision. [pubs.rsna.org]

The precise etiology of paraurethral cysts is unknown. We present two such cases with the treatment, long term follow-up, and review of literature. [todaysclinician.com]

Paraurethral or Skene’s duct cyst is a rare cause of masses located in the inter-labial genitor-urinary region and their etiology is not fully known. [scinapse.io]

However, the true etiology remains unknown [4]. Paraurethral cysts are generally completely asymptomatic and have a high rate of spontaneous involution [9]. [omicsonline.org]

The precise etiology of paraurethral cysts is unknown. But the obstruction of Skene's ducts as a result of infection or inflammation, or cystic degeneration of embryonic remnants of the paraurethral glands, has been postulated. [urologyannals.com]

Periurethral masses: etiology and diagnosis in a large series of women. Obstet Gynecol. 103(5 Pt 1): 842- 847. Sharifiaghdas F, Daneshpajooh A and Mirzaei M. (2014). Paraurethral Cyst in Adult Women: Experience with 85 Cases. [mathewsopenaccess.com]

Epidemiology Abstract Anatomy Epidemiology Pathology Presentation Treatment WORD CATHETER References Bartholin's duct cysts, the most common cystic growths in the vulva,4,5 occur in the labia majora.6 Two percent of women develop a Bartholin's duct cyst [aafp.org]

"Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues". BMC Infect Dis. 15: 307. doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0. PMC 4525749. PMID 26242185. ^ de Graaf, Regnier (1672). [en.wikipedia.org]

Primary urethral carcinoma in females: an epidemiologic study on demographical factors, histological types, tumour stage and survival. World J Urol. 2013;31:147–53. Article PubMed Google Scholar 2. Zaviacic M, Ablin RJ. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89(4):501–506. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 33 Pannu HK, Kaufman HS, Cundiff GW, Genadry R, Bluemke DA, Fishman EK. [pubs.rsna.org]

In addition, its pathophysiology and etiology remain topics of debate. Urethral diverticula probably develop as a result of the rupture of infected periurethral glands and cysts into the urethral lumen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

High-resolution MR imaging and real-time US have exciting potential as tools for more comprehensive analysis of the pathophysiologic features of the complex disorders that affect the female urethra and periurethral tissues. [pubs.rsna.org]

There are no specific methods to prevent the occurrence of Skene’s Duct Cyst. [dovemed.com]

Partial excision with marsupialisation is the method of choice to avoid recurrence and prevent meatal stenosis. [todaysclinician.com]

Prompt treatment can help prevent further complications, such as kidney damage from UTIs. [healthline.com]

Owing to the low incidence of female urethral carcinoma, there is no confirmed evidence to support the efficacy of inguinal or pelvic lymph node resection in preventing metastasis [9]. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

For preoperative planning, it is vital to evaluate the diverticula in terms of location, size, number, configuration, possible sac contents, mass effect, and position of the neck, resection of which is critical in preventing recurrence (12). [pubs.rsna.org]