REM behavior disorder (a condition in which there is physical enactment of dreams), tends to present as nonviolent movements in women. The atypical presentation of sleep disorders can lead to a delay in medical treatment. [brighamandwomens.org]

When this phenomenon, cataplexy, is present, it strengthens the diagnosis of narcolepsy. In some patients, cataplexy may be present in the absence of excessive daytime sleepiness. The clinician should seek two other phenomena of narcolepsy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Recognizing the difficulty in constructing statistical models based on strong biological pathway data, alternative statistical models that included different sets of covariates that may operate as confounders, mediators, or moderators were presented. [ahajournals.org]

Acknowledgments The essential part of this work was initially presented at ICBEN 2008, and updated for presentation at Internoise and Euronoise 2009. References 1. Muzet A. Environmental noise, sleep and health. Sleep Med Rev 2007;11:135-42. [noiseandhealth.org]

However, children are less likely than adults to present with daytime sleepiness. [aafp.org]

• Nocturnal Awakening

  Examples of sleep disturbances include daytime sleepiness, difficulty initiating sleep, nocturnal awakenings, and disrupted sleep architecture. [hopkinsguides.com]

  Complaints about poor sleep include difficulty falling and staying asleep, coupled with early morning and nocturnal awakenings (1). [menopause.org.au]

  Toilet visits were responsible for nocturnal awakenings in 434 patients (21.6%). Only 566 patients (28.2%) reported to have awakened spontaneously in the morning. [jamanetwork.com]

  There are many more nocturnal awakenings after people reach the age of 40. Psychological stressors can interfere with sleep. It is beneficial for patients to develop a pre-sleep ritual to break the connection between stress and bedtime. [practicalpainmanagement.com]

  Usually sleep apneic patients report restless nocturnal sleeping along with fatigue upon awakening in the morning. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Disability

  Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker [cairn.info]

  These in turn can affect disability and quality of life. Many of the MS symptoms that can cause sleep disturbance are treatable. [mstrust.org.uk]

  Purpose in life is associated with a reduced risk of incident disability among community-dwelling older persons. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010b;18(12):1093–102. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Boyle PA, et al. [sleep.biomedcentral.com]

  Consequences of major and minor depression in later life: A study of disability, well-being and service utilization. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1397 – 1409. doi: 10.1017/S0033291797005734 Blazer D. ( 2002 ). Depression in late life. [academic.oup.com]

  Koki TAKE, Ryota ASHIZAWA, Kazuma YAMASHITA, Kengo OKAWARA, Hiroya HONDA, Masahiro NAKAGAWA, Kazuya KIRIYAMA, Yoshinobu YOSHIMOTO, The Relationship between Sleep and Sedentary Behavior in Home-bound Elderly Disabled Persons在宅要介護高齢者の睡眠と座位行動の関連性の検証, Rigakuryoho [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

  Sleep-Related Abnormal Swallowing Syndrome 4. Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia 5. Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome 6. Primary Snoring 7. Infant Sleep Apnea 8. Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome 9. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 10. [sleepapnea.org]

• Swelling

  Simple treatments may work to open the nasal airway (i.e. breathe-right strips or medications to decrease swelling in the nose) or upper airway (i.e. sleeping in a more upright position, removing dentures, or using a special mouth guard). [ahns.info]

• Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

  Cheyne-Stokes respirations may be associated with multiple nocturnal mini-arousals, resulting in excessive daytime sleepiness. The same may occur with nocturnal myoclonus or the "restless legs" syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Common Cold

  Behaviorally assessed sleep and susceptibility to the common cold https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/38/9/1353/2417971. Sleep 2015;38(9):1353–1359 • Arbon EL, Knurowska M, Dijk D-J, et al. [journals.lww.com]

• Respiratory Disorders

  All benzodiazepines are associated with risk of respiratory depression and should be used with caution in patients with preexisting respiratory disorders. [cancer.gov]

• Hypotension

  Drugs Used In Restless Legs Syndrome Drug Dose Range Half Life Side Effects Antiepileptic Drugs Gabapentin 300-2700 mg (max 1200 mg/dose) 5-7 hr Sedation, dizziness, ataxia Dopaminergic Agents L-dopa 50-200 mg 1.5-2 hr Nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  […] effects and weight gain. [34][Level of evidence: II] nortriptyline (Pamelor) 10–50 mg Risk of anticholinergic side effects and weight gain. [35][Level of evidence: III] Second-generation antidepressant trazodone (Desyrel) 25–100 mg Risk of orthostatic hypotension [cancer.gov]

• Leg Cramp

  Nocturnal Leg Cramps C. Parasomnias Usually Associated with REM Sleep 1. Nightmares 2. Sleep Paralysis 3. Impaired Sleep-Related Penile Erections 4. Sleep-Related Painful Erections 5. REM Sleep-Related Sinus Arrest 6. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder D. [sleepapnea.org]

  The patient may reveal a history of leg cramps, disheveled bedding, and even a history of falling out of bed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Incontinence

  GI disturbances (e.g., incontinence, diarrhea, constipation, or nausea). GU disturbances (e.g., incontinence, retention, or GU irritation). Respiratory disturbances. Fatigue. [cancer.gov]

  In such cases, the clinician needs to consider the possibility of underlying conditions such as a seizure disorder, neurogenic bladder, stress urinary incontinence, or a lower urinary tract infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Anticholinergic side effects (tricyclic antidepressants) Imipramine 50-150 mg 9-20 hrs Fluoxetine 20-60 mg 48-72 hrs Sertraline 25-50 mg 26 hr Venlafaxine 75-225 mg 5-7 hr Sodium oxybate 6-9 g 0.5-1 hr Headache, nausea, dizziness, somnolence, vomiting, urinary incontinence [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  […] participants reported whether they experienced any of the following chronic conditions in the past 12 months: hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, heart attack or other heart trouble, stroke, cancer, arthritis, broken or fractured bones, and urinary incontinence [academic.oup.com]

• Headache

  Hypnic Headache Hypnic headache is a rare, primary headache disorder characterized by frequently occurring headaches that happen only during sleep. [americanmigrainefoundation.org]

  Common headache types, including tension headaches and migraines, often have associated symptoms besides pain, including sleep disturbances.7 As with fibromyalgia, the amount of time spent sleeping is not necessarily diminished in patients who have headache-associated [psychiatrictimes.com]

  Symptoms: Headaches and/or a sore jaw when waking in the morning. Complaints from annoyed bedmates. Treatment: Avoiding chewing any items that aren’t food, as it trains the jaw to clench. [fastcompany.com]

  Some common symptoms of OSA include snoring, gasping or choking during sleep, daytime sleepiness, trouble falling asleep, morning headaches, irritability, decreased concentration, and memory loss. [ahns.info]

  Headaches may be secondary to teeth grinding (bruxism). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Morning Headache

  Some common symptoms of OSA include snoring, gasping or choking during sleep, daytime sleepiness, trouble falling asleep, morning headaches, irritability, decreased concentration, and memory loss. [ahns.info]

  Symptoms: Headaches and/or a sore jaw when waking in the morning. Complaints from annoyed bedmates. Treatment: Avoiding chewing any items that aren’t food, as it trains the jaw to clench. [fastcompany.com]

  The most common complaints are excessive daytime sleepiness and frequent awakenings, but there can also be associated bruxism (grinding of teeth), dry mouth on awakening, morning headaches, erectile dysfunction, memory deficits, and snoring. [epilepsy.com]

  headaches, and excessive daytime sleepiness. [aafp.org]

• Difficulty Concentrating

  Difficulty concentrating. Mood and behavior disturbances such as irritability, aggression, and impulsive behaviors. Difficulty concentrating. Forgetfulness. Decreased performance at work or school. [alaskasleep.com]

  Insomnia can be problematic for your overall health and quality of life, potentially causing: depression difficulty concentrating irritability weight gain impaired work or school performance Unfortunately, insomnia is extremely common. [healthline.com]

• Myoclonus

  Benign Neonatal Sleep Myoclonus 11. Other Parasomnia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified) 3. SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH MENTAL, NEUROLOGIC, OR OTHER MEDICAL DISORDERS A. Associated with Mental Disorders 1. Psychoses 2. Mood Disorders 3. [sleepapnea.org]

  The same may occur with nocturnal myoclonus or the "restless legs" syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Restless leg syndrome (RLS), also known as nocturnal myoclonus, is a type of sleep disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an uncontrollable desire to move the legs. [medicinenet.com]

• Involuntary Movements

  Some sleep disorders involve involuntary movements of the limbs or other unusual behaviors (such as nightmares, night terrors, or sleepwalking) during sleep. Unusual movements and behaviors during sleep are called parasomnias. [msdmanuals.com]

  Risk of falls. [34][Level of evidence: III] Antipsychotic quetiapine (Seroquel) 25–100 mg Risk of weight gain, metabolic syndrome, abnormal/involuntary movements; possible cardiovascular effects (e.g., prolonged QT interval). [cancer.gov]

C 29, 30 If restless legs syndrome is suspected in a child, management should include a workup for iron deficiency and avoidance of triggers. [aafp.org]

Depending on the type of sleep disorder that you’re experiencing, a range of treatment methods may be effective. The treatment of disrupted sleep generally starts by determining its cause. [mind-diagnostics.org]

treatments for each condition are required to achieve control of symptoms. [psychiatrictimes.com]

More advanced treatments include use of machines or surgery. A portable CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine constantly pushes air into your airway to help keep it open when you sleep. There are many surgical treatments for OSA. [ahns.info]

The patients would start an adjuvant or palliative systemic oncological treatment. [jneuro.com]

Patients who have poor perception towards the prognosis of their illness were four times more likely to be a poor sleeper compared to patients with good perception (, , ). [hindawi.com]

[…] depression and anxiety in the future.120 Of note, the research on such relationships is crucial not only because it may help to prevent future conditions but also because comorbid problems are usually much more difficult to treat and indicate poorer prognosis [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

While adults may suffer from the same problems, the etiology, presentation, and associated findings in children may be very different than those seen in adults. [stanfordhealthcare.org]

It has to be remembered that there are well over a 100 putative risk factors identified for cardiovascular disease which make any rigorous investigation and analysis of the etiological pathway a difficult task. [noiseandhealth.org]

[…] at neuropathic pain suggest that inflammation may be associated with psychiatric changes and behavioral alterations.6 However, experts are not completely sure whether there may be other contributory factors as well, and future research regarding the etiology [psychiatrictimes.com]

Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007; 3:S7–S10.MedlineGoogle Scholar 5. Kato M, Phillips BG, Sigurdsson G, Narkiewicz K, Pesek CA, Somers VK. Effects of sleep deprivation on neural circulatory control. [ahajournals.org]

Institute of Health state-of-the science meeting on insomnia, panelists concluded that CBT is a safe and effective means of managing chronic insomnia.15 This program can help patients who suffer from insomnia even if their sleep problems have a biological etiology [practicalpainmanagement.com]

CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. [academic.oup.com]

Sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS Drugs. Vol.15:No.10., pp.777-796. Satlin, A. (1994). Sleep disorders in dementia. Psychiatric Annals, Vol.24:No.4., pp.186-191. [dementiamanagementstrategy.com]

Sleep disturbances in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: Epidemiology, impact and approaches to management. CNS Drugs, 7(20), 567-590. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200620070-00003 Miller, S. G. (2017, September 6). [goodtherapy.org]

Some authors have commented on the lack of an epidemiological study that shows a causal link between (aircraft) noise, sleep disturbance and long-term illness. [noiseandhealth.org]

An epidemiologic study of lower limit of prevalence. Chest. 1995;107(4):963–966. 17. Wise MS, Nichols CD, Grigg-Damberger MM, et al. Executive summary of respiratory indications for polysomnography in children: an evidence-based review. [aafp.org]

Sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS Drugs. Vol.15:No.10., pp.777-796. Satlin, A. (1994). Sleep disorders in dementia. Psychiatric Annals, Vol.24:No.4., pp.186-191. [dementiamanagementstrategy.com]

Yarandi SS, Christie J: Functional dyspepsia in review: pathophysiology and challenges in the diagnosis and management due to coexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013: 351086. [karger.com]

A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms between sleep disturbance and depression can help psychiatrists better manage this comorbidity. 1 INTRODUCTION Currently, the problem of sleep disturbance has plagued nearly a quarter of the [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Article see p 2073 The pathophysiology of insomnia and its links to cardiovascular disease are not fully understood. [ahajournals.org]

Back to Top Pathophysiology Normal sleep and wake states are generated by a complex neuronal network in the brain and are regulated by homeostatic and circadian mechanisms. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

Breathing devices can also help reduce snoring, snorting, and grunting while sleeping Dental guards Dental guards may help prevent teeth grinding that can result from some sleep disorders. [mind-diagnostics.org]

These events might occur hundreds of times at night and prevent quality sleep. As a result, a person might experience insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness. [beverlyhospital.org]

AHA Guidleines for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: 2002 update. Circulation. 2002; 106:388–391.LinkGoogle Scholar 3. Laugsand LE, Vatten LJ, Platou C, Janszky I. [ahajournals.org]

Simple behavioral changes that target stress reduction, or the use of a mouthguard, can help prevent bruxism and the associated headache. [americanmigrainefoundation.org]

Published online and scheduled for the April issue of the journal Preventive Medicine, the study indicates that physicians should consider asking young adult patients about social media habits when assessing sleep issues. [upmc.com]