REM behavior disorder (a condition in which there is physical enactment of dreams), tends to present as nonviolent movements in women. The atypical presentation of sleep disorders can lead to a delay in medical treatment. [brighamandwomens.org]

When this phenomenon, cataplexy, is present, it strengthens the diagnosis of narcolepsy. In some patients, cataplexy may be present in the absence of excessive daytime sleepiness. The clinician should seek two other phenomena of narcolepsy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Recognizing the difficulty in constructing statistical models based on strong biological pathway data, alternative statistical models that included different sets of covariates that may operate as confounders, mediators, or moderators were presented. [ahajournals.org]

Acknowledgments The essential part of this work was initially presented at ICBEN 2008, and updated for presentation at Internoise and Euronoise 2009. References 1. Muzet A. Environmental noise, sleep and health. Sleep Med Rev 2007;11:135-42. [noiseandhealth.org]

However, children are less likely than adults to present with daytime sleepiness. [aafp.org]

• Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

  Narcolepsy Excessive daytime sleepiness (including episodes of irresistible sleepiness) combined with sudden muscle weakness are the hallmark signs of narcolepsy. [cdc.gov]

  Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Excessive daytime sleepiness refers to the inability to stay alert during the major awake period of the day, resulting in falling asleep at inappropriate times. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  Patients typically have insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, or both, which typically resolve as the body clock realigns itself. Diagnosis is clinical. Treatment depends on the cause. [merckmanuals.com]

  Another alternative is to try and treat excessive daytime sleepiness, which often goes hand-in-hand with sleep disturbance. [apdaparkinson.org]

  Some of the signs and symptoms of sleep disorders include excessive daytime sleepiness, irregular breathing or increased movement during sleep. Other signs and symptoms include an irregular sleep and wake cycle and difficulty falling asleep. [mayoclinic.org]

• Movement Disorder

  MORE>>Sleep Movement Disorders This classification of sleep disorders includes conditions that cause movement during or prior to sleep. These disorders can make it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep, or to get restful sleep. MORE>> [sleepeducation.org]

  RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME (RLS) AND PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENT DISORDER (PLMD) RLS and PLMD are disorders involving frequent leg movements and leg jerks during sleep which awaken the individual. [beverlyhospital.org]

  Periodic Limb Movement Disorder 12. Restless Legs Syndrome 13. Intrinsic Sleep Disorder NOS (Not Otherwise Specified) B. Extrinsic Sleep Disorders 1. Inadequate Sleep Hygiene 2. Environmental Sleep Disorder 3. Altitude Insomnia 4. [sleepapnea.org]

  Respiratory monitoring and leg EMG (to assess disordered breathing or periodic leg movement disorder). [menopause.org.au]

  Periodic limb movement disorder: This is repetitive cramping or jerking of the legs during sleep. Most people with restless legs syndrome also have this disorder. [ohsu.edu]

• Epilepsy

  Studies show that generally, sleep disorders are treatable for people living with epilepsy. In one series, obstructive sleep apnea was found in 71% of people with epilepsy who were referred for a sleep study. [epilepsy.com]

  Sleep-Related Epilepsy The estimated prevalence of sleep-related epilepsy ranges from 10% to 45% with no gender predominance. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  It can worsen conditions such as epilepsy, or lead to problems such as chest pain or heart attack in people who have coronary artery disease. Central sleep apnea may also be caused by problems in carbon dioxide regulation. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

  Sleep-Related Epilepsy 6. Electrical Status Epilepticus of Sleep 7. Sleep-Related Headaches C. Associated with Other Medical Disorders 1. Sleeping Sickness 2. Nocturnal Cardiac Ischemia 3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 4. [sleepapnea.org]

  Sleep deprivation and epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr 2004;4:193–195. 9. Knauert MP, Haspel JA, Pisani MA. Sleep loss and circadian rhythm disruption in the intensive care unit. Clin Chest Med 2015;36:419–429. 10. Freedman NS, Kotzer N, Schwab RJ. [atsjournals.org]

• Congestive Heart Failure

  Medical conditions Cardiac conditions that may give rise to disordered sleep include ischemia and congestive heart failure. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  In addition to opioids, it is sometimes associated with congestive heart failure or prior stroke. [ohsu.edu]

  If other medical problems are present, such as congestive heart failure or nasal obstruction, sleep apnea may resolve with treatment of these conditions. [cdc.gov]

• Dentist

  Most people with bruxism end up getting fitted with a mouth guard that can be provided by a dentist. Occurrence: About 45 million Americans. [fastcompany.com]

• Abnormal Breathing

  Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders These disorders are characterized by abnormal breathing during sleep. For some, the individual will also experience abnormal breathing while they are awake. [sleepfoundation.org]

  Snoring may be the first sign of serious abnormal breathing, but not all snorers have obstructive sleep apnea, which is a condition that causes a temporary pausing of breathing when asleep. [americanmigrainefoundation.org]

• Respiratory Disorders

  All benzodiazepines are associated with risk of respiratory depression and should be used with caution in patients with preexisting respiratory disorders. [cancer.gov]

• Heart Failure

  Medical conditions Cardiac conditions that may give rise to disordered sleep include ischemia and congestive heart failure. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Assessment of sleep quality for every diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure patients in every visit should be incorporated in the care package. [hindawi.com]

  In addition to opioids, it is sometimes associated with congestive heart failure or prior stroke. [ohsu.edu]

  If other medical problems are present, such as congestive heart failure or nasal obstruction, sleep apnea may resolve with treatment of these conditions. [cdc.gov]

  It can also lead to serious consequences such as a heart attack or heart failure, stroke, and sudden death. Sleep apnea is typically diagnosed with a sleep study, also called polysomnography. [verywellhealth.com]

• Hypertension

  Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep. 2009; 32:491–497.CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar [ahajournals.org]

  Assessment of sleep quality for every diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure patients in every visit should be incorporated in the care package. [hindawi.com]

  While most of these stem from changing lifestyles and increasing stress, ignoring them can lead to major health challenges including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression and more. [resmed.com]

  The HYENA (Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports) study [18] conducted around six major European airports found a significant odds ratio for the risk of hypertension being associated with the night noise level (Ln). [noiseandhealth.org]

  Sleep apnea and the poor sleep it leads to can cause and worsen other medical conditions, including hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes. [verywellhealth.com]

• Heart Disease

  Sleep apnoea has been linked to a range of health problems, including high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. [healthdirect.gov.au]

  There are different causes for different sleep disorders, including Other conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease, nerve disorders, and pain Mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety Medicines Genetics Sometimes the cause is unknown. [medlineplus.gov]

  In addition to anxiety and mood disorders, those with sleep disorders are risk for heart disease, heart failure, irregular heartbeat, heart attack, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, and obesity. [adaa.org]

  Prospective study of obstructive sleep apnea and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure: the sleep heart health study. Circulation. 2010; 122:352–360.LinkGoogle Scholar 15. [ahajournals.org]

• Behavior Disorder

  Common Treatment Types for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder REM sleep behavior disorder is commonly treated with medications. Injury prevention is key if you're affected. [aastweb.org]

  REM behavioral disorder REM behavioral disorder (RBD), often described by patients and family members as “thrashing about” in sleep or “acting out” of dreams, is a result of impaired sleep paralysis that can manifest in patients with Parkinson’s Disease [apdaparkinson.org]

  Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder involves episodes of arousal during sleep associated with speaking and/or movement. [psychiatry.org]

  These people suffer from a sleep disorder, which can range from something as common as insomnia to the more rare, like REM sleep behavior disorder. Below is a look at the eight most common disorders that plague adults. 1. [fastcompany.com]

  Also, almost 40% of older adults suffer from a sleep disorder (Kim et al. 2015; Jaussent et al. 2011), with the most common primary sleep disorders in the elderly being sleep-disordered breathing, REM behavior disorder (RBD) and restless legs syndrome [sleep.biomedcentral.com]

• Anxiety Disorder

  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can produce vivid and terrifying nightmares. Anxiety disorders predispose to insomnia. The most common of these are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and anxiety disorders not otherwise specified. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Stress and anxiety may cause sleeping problems or make existing problems worse. And having an anxiety disorder exacerbates the problem. [adaa.org]

  Noting that comorbid conditions are common with sleep disorders, the CR notes an anxiety disorder postinjury is a more significant predictor of sleep disruption than is pain, other comorbid conditions, or the adverse effects of medication. [mdedge.com]

  SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH MENTAL, NEUROLOGIC, OR OTHER MEDICAL DISORDERS A. Associated with Mental Disorders 1. Psychoses 2. Mood Disorders 3. Anxiety Disorders 4. Panic Disorders 5. Alcoholism B. Associated with Neurologic Disorders 1. [sleepapnea.org]

  People who suffer from sleep problems throughout the year are more likely to have mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, suicidal ideation and especially depression. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

• Stroke

  Neurologic conditions include stroke, degenerative conditions, dementia, peripheral nerve damage, myoclonic jerks, restless leg syndrome, hypnic jerk, and central sleep apnea. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  In addition to opioids, it is sometimes associated with congestive heart failure or prior stroke. [ohsu.edu]

  Sleep apnoea has been linked to a range of health problems, including high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. [healthdirect.gov.au]

  Secondary sleep disorders are the result of another medical problem, such as depression, thyroid problems, stroke, arthritis, or asthma. Types of primary sleep disorders Primary disorders can be divided into parasomnias and dyssomnias. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

• Headache

  Hypnic Headache Hypnic headache is a rare, primary headache disorder characterized by frequently occurring headaches that happen only during sleep. [americanmigrainefoundation.org]

  Common headache types, including tension headaches and migraines, often have associated symptoms besides pain, including sleep disturbances.7 As with fibromyalgia, the amount of time spent sleeping is not necessarily diminished in patients who have headache-associated [psychiatrictimes.com]

  Symptoms: Headaches and/or a sore jaw when waking in the morning. Complaints from annoyed bedmates. Treatment: Avoiding chewing any items that aren’t food, as it trains the jaw to clench. [fastcompany.com]

  Some common symptoms of OSA include snoring, gasping or choking during sleep, daytime sleepiness, trouble falling asleep, morning headaches, irritability, decreased concentration, and memory loss. [ahns.info]

  Headaches may be secondary to teeth grinding (bruxism). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Somnolence

  As well as giving an overall score the instrument uses five subdomains: disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, sleep breathing disorders, disorders of arousal, sleep-wake transition disorders, disorders of excessive somnolence, and sleep hyperhidrosis [midss.org]

  The ensuing clinical picture combines elements of both the insomnias and the disorders of excessive somnolence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The newer body-identical micronised progesterone may cause somnolence. For this reason it is suggested to be taken at night and may therefore also help improve sleep. [menopause.org.au]

  Excessive daytime sleepiness, or sudden somnolence, is a symptom that can occur with several sleep disorders. [practicalpainmanagement.com]

  Disruption of these cycles can make people sleepy, or somnolent, at times people want to be awake. For example, travelers experience "jet lag" when they cross time zones. [medicinenet.com]

• Agitation

  Assess for psychiatric disorders eg depression, anxiety, agitation or psychosis and refer for appropriate treatment. Ensure the bedroom is quiet, reassuring and relaxing. [dementiamanagementstrategy.com]

  You will feel easily agitated and your actions may seem slow. Stress and anxiety can lead to sleeping problems. You can experience stress or anxiety at work, with family, or in daily life. [www2.hse.ie]

  They can include daytime drowsiness, clumsiness, nervousness, agitation, difficulty urinating, and confusion. These drugs also increase the risk of falls. Older people tend to take naps because they do not sleep well during the night. [msdmanuals.com]

  About 10 percent of those with ADHD experience severe paradoxical agitation with Benadryl and never try it again. Experts point out that sleep disturbances in people diagnosed with ADHD are not always due to ADHD-related causes. [additudemag.com]

  Prevalence: 17% in children, 4% in adults Peaks between 8 and 12 years of age More common in males Familial history of sleepwalking: 1 parent = 45% risk 2 parents = 60% risk Ambulation during sleep Difficult to awaken during episode Eyes open Confusion/agitation [aafp.org]

• Excitement

  You may have episodes of euphoria or mania (intense excitement and happiness). This is due to fewer daylight hours. You will need more help to manage your condition. You may also suffer from sleep problems and feel worse at a particular time of day. [www2.hse.ie]

  Sometimes people get insomnia for a night or two because they're stressed out over a big meeting at work, or they're excited about an upcoming trip. Others can't sleep night after night, and that's called chronic insomnia. [mountsinai.org]

  How long people sleep and how rested they feel after waking can be influenced by many factors, including the following: Level of excitement or emotional distress Age Diet Use of drugs For example, some drugs make people sleepy, and others make sleeping [msdmanuals.com]

  It is often accompanied by these additional symptoms: Cataplexy: Often described as a "sudden loss of muscle tone," what cataplexy does is make you physically collapse, often in response to things like being startled, getting excited, laughing, or experiencing [verywellhealth.com]

  Caffeine can cause a racing ADHD brain to grow more excitable and alert. Caffeine is also a diuretic, although not as potent as experts once thought, and may cause sleep disruptions brought on by needing to go to the bathroom. [additudemag.com]

C 29, 30 If restless legs syndrome is suspected in a child, management should include a workup for iron deficiency and avoidance of triggers. [aafp.org]

Depending on the type of sleep disorder that you’re experiencing, a range of treatment methods may be effective. The treatment of disrupted sleep generally starts by determining its cause. [mind-diagnostics.org]

treatments for each condition are required to achieve control of symptoms. [psychiatrictimes.com]

More advanced treatments include use of machines or surgery. A portable CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine constantly pushes air into your airway to help keep it open when you sleep. There are many surgical treatments for OSA. [ahns.info]

The patients would start an adjuvant or palliative systemic oncological treatment. [jneuro.com]

Patients who have poor perception towards the prognosis of their illness were four times more likely to be a poor sleeper compared to patients with good perception (, , ). [hindawi.com]

[…] depression and anxiety in the future.120 Of note, the research on such relationships is crucial not only because it may help to prevent future conditions but also because comorbid problems are usually much more difficult to treat and indicate poorer prognosis [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

While adults may suffer from the same problems, the etiology, presentation, and associated findings in children may be very different than those seen in adults. [stanfordhealthcare.org]

It has to be remembered that there are well over a 100 putative risk factors identified for cardiovascular disease which make any rigorous investigation and analysis of the etiological pathway a difficult task. [noiseandhealth.org]

[…] at neuropathic pain suggest that inflammation may be associated with psychiatric changes and behavioral alterations.6 However, experts are not completely sure whether there may be other contributory factors as well, and future research regarding the etiology [psychiatrictimes.com]

Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007; 3:S7–S10.MedlineGoogle Scholar 5. Kato M, Phillips BG, Sigurdsson G, Narkiewicz K, Pesek CA, Somers VK. Effects of sleep deprivation on neural circulatory control. [ahajournals.org]

Institute of Health state-of-the science meeting on insomnia, panelists concluded that CBT is a safe and effective means of managing chronic insomnia.15 This program can help patients who suffer from insomnia even if their sleep problems have a biological etiology [practicalpainmanagement.com]

CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. [academic.oup.com]

Sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS Drugs. Vol.15:No.10., pp.777-796. Satlin, A. (1994). Sleep disorders in dementia. Psychiatric Annals, Vol.24:No.4., pp.186-191. [dementiamanagementstrategy.com]

Sleep disturbances in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: Epidemiology, impact and approaches to management. CNS Drugs, 7(20), 567-590. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200620070-00003 Miller, S. G. (2017, September 6). [goodtherapy.org]

Some authors have commented on the lack of an epidemiological study that shows a causal link between (aircraft) noise, sleep disturbance and long-term illness. [noiseandhealth.org]

An epidemiologic study of lower limit of prevalence. Chest. 1995;107(4):963–966. 17. Wise MS, Nichols CD, Grigg-Damberger MM, et al. Executive summary of respiratory indications for polysomnography in children: an evidence-based review. [aafp.org]

Sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS Drugs. Vol.15:No.10., pp.777-796. Satlin, A. (1994). Sleep disorders in dementia. Psychiatric Annals, Vol.24:No.4., pp.186-191. [dementiamanagementstrategy.com]

Yarandi SS, Christie J: Functional dyspepsia in review: pathophysiology and challenges in the diagnosis and management due to coexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013: 351086. [karger.com]

A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms between sleep disturbance and depression can help psychiatrists better manage this comorbidity. 1 INTRODUCTION Currently, the problem of sleep disturbance has plagued nearly a quarter of the [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Article see p 2073 The pathophysiology of insomnia and its links to cardiovascular disease are not fully understood. [ahajournals.org]

Back to Top Pathophysiology Normal sleep and wake states are generated by a complex neuronal network in the brain and are regulated by homeostatic and circadian mechanisms. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

Breathing devices can also help reduce snoring, snorting, and grunting while sleeping Dental guards Dental guards may help prevent teeth grinding that can result from some sleep disorders. [mind-diagnostics.org]

These events might occur hundreds of times at night and prevent quality sleep. As a result, a person might experience insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness. [beverlyhospital.org]

AHA Guidleines for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: 2002 update. Circulation. 2002; 106:388–391.LinkGoogle Scholar 3. Laugsand LE, Vatten LJ, Platou C, Janszky I. [ahajournals.org]

Simple behavioral changes that target stress reduction, or the use of a mouthguard, can help prevent bruxism and the associated headache. [americanmigrainefoundation.org]

Published online and scheduled for the April issue of the journal Preventive Medicine, the study indicates that physicians should consider asking young adult patients about social media habits when assessing sleep issues. [upmc.com]