Presentation
Presented in an easy-to-use double-page spread format, highly bulleted and concise, the Oxford Desk Reference: Toxicology is ideal for quick referral when an acute problem arises. [books.google.de]
The case can be confirmed if laboratory testing was not performed because either a predominant amount of clinical and nonspecific laboratory evidence of a particular chemical was present or the etiology of the agent is known with 100% certainty. [emergency.cdc.gov]
In the present study, domestic cats were intoxicated with oral doses of fluoroacetate (0.45 mg/kg). [repositorio.unesp.br]
An outline has been presented, based upon experiments with monkeys, which may be helpful for the guidance of those treating human fluoroacetate poisoning. Footnotes Received December 26, 1950. [jpet.aspetjournals.org]
Manifestations of fluoride toxicity are predominantly gastrointestinal (GI), but neurologic and cardiovascular effects also occur (see Presentation ). [emedicine.medscape.com]
Entire Body System
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Physician
Drawing on the vast expertise of the authors--law enforcement agents and physicians with robust experience in the realm of criminal poisoning--Criminal Poisoning: Clinical and Forensic Perspectives covers the illegal use of poisons to harm people and [books.google.com]
Coauthor(s) Richard D Shin, MD Director of Simulation, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Queens; Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine in Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College; Emergency Physician, Envision Physician [emedicine.medscape.com]
Gastrointestinal
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Vomiting
Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are common within 1 hour of ingestion. Sweating, apprehension, confusion and agitation follow. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
FLUOROACETATE TOXIC A man was found having nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, sweating, confusion and agitation follow. [biostudizz.weebly.com]
Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of sodium fluoroacetate is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 5. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
General Description Elephants: Fatal toxicity has been reported in an zoo elephant in Brasil. ( B455 .w2) Further Information This case occurred due to malicious poisoning. ( B455 .w2) Clinical signs of fluoroacetate toxicity include convulsions, vomiting [wildpro.twycrosszoo.org]
Fluoride inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which may be partly responsible for hypersalivation, vomiting, and diarrhea (cholinergic signs). Seizures may result from both hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia. [emedicine.medscape.com]
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Nausea
Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are common within 1 hour of ingestion. Sweating, apprehension, confusion and agitation follow. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
FLUOROACETATE TOXIC A man was found having nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, sweating, confusion and agitation follow. [biostudizz.weebly.com]
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Sodium Fluoroacetate Exposure: Signs and symptoms may be extremely severe and range from nausea, excessive salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, tingling sensations and muscular twitching to convulsions alternating [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
Cardiovascular
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Hypotension
Specific adverse health effects from acute poisoning might include metabolic acidosis, hypotension, dysrhythmias, seizures, coma, and respiratory depression (1-3). [emergency.cdc.gov]
Both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported and nonspecific ST- and T-wave changes are common, the QTc may be prolonged and hypotension may develop. Seizures are the main neurological feature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Skin
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Sweating
Sweating, apprehension, confusion and agitation follow. Both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported and nonspecific ST- and T-wave changes are common, the QTc may be prolonged and hypotension may develop. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
FLUOROACETATE TOXIC A man was found having nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, sweating, confusion and agitation follow. [biostudizz.weebly.com]
Psychiatrical
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Suggestibility
However, the available evidence suggests the fluoride component does not contribute. Acute poisoning with sodium fluoroacetate is uncommon. Ingestion is the major route by which poisoning occurs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Other authors describe awareness during seizures or periodic lucidity that suggests central nervous system (CNS) disruption cannot be assumed to produce a constant pain-free state. [ingentaconnect.com]
We also suggest that the assessment of the humaneness of any vertebrate pesticide should follow the ethical pest control approach, and on this basis, believe that the use of 1080 to reduce the detrimental impacts of invasive vertebrates is ethical, particularly [habricentral.org]
Further Information This case occurred due to malicious poisoning. ( B455 .w2) Clinical signs of fluoroacetate toxicity include convulsions, vomiting, involuntary urination/defecation, respiratory paralysis, tetany and rapid death. ( B455 .w2) Treatment: Suggested [wildpro.twycrosszoo.org]
Its toxicity stems from the similarity of fluoroacetate to acetate; the available evidence suggests that the fluoride component does not contribute. [7] Epidemiology United States statistics In 2015, the American Association of Poison Control Centers [emedicine.medscape.com]
Neurologic
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Seizure
Seizures are the main neurological feature. Coma may persist for several days. Although several possible antidotes have been investigated, they are of unproven value in humans. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Specific adverse health effects from acute poisoning might include metabolic acidosis, hypotension, dysrhythmias, seizures, coma, and respiratory depression (1-3). [emergency.cdc.gov]
Other authors describe awareness during seizures or periodic lucidity that suggests central nervous system (CNS) disruption cannot be assumed to produce a constant pain-free state. [ingentaconnect.com]
Control convulsion barbiturate Barbiturates are medicines that act on the central nervous system and cause drowsiness and can control seizures. Barbiturates are in the group of medicines known as central nervous system depressants (CNS). [biostudizz.weebly.com]
Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
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Agitation
Sweating, apprehension, confusion and agitation follow. Both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported and nonspecific ST- and T-wave changes are common, the QTc may be prolonged and hypotension may develop. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
FLUOROACETATE TOXIC A man was found having nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, sweating, confusion and agitation follow. [biostudizz.weebly.com]
Treatment
Each chapter includes key clinical features and potential treatment options to help physicians to assess the potential severity of the poisoned patient and provide the optimum clinical care. [books.google.de]
Suggested treatment for fluoroacetate or fluoroacetamide poisoning includes emetics and gastric lavage, possibly barbiturates (with caution due to respiratory centre depression), and glyceryl monoacetate (monoacetin), 0.55mL/kg (0.25mL/lb) intramuscularly [wildpro.twycrosszoo.org]
The clinical manifestations of poisoning by this substance are non-specific, which males their identificacion and treatment difficult, making it to increase its lethality. [scielo.org.co]
Therefore, the process cannot be reversible when fluoroacetate is taken. treatment ??? 1. Treatment for sodium fluoroacetate poisoning is mainly symptomatic. 2. [biostudizz.weebly.com]
Practical Treatment with Glycerol Monoacetate Abstract 1. [jpet.aspetjournals.org]
Prognosis
Prognosis Death may result from ingesting as little as 2 g of fluoride in an adult and 16 mg/kg in children. Symptoms may appear with 3-5 mg/kg of fluoride. Estimated toxic dose for fluoride ingestion is 5-10 mg/kg. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Etiology
The case can be confirmed if laboratory testing was not performed because either a predominant amount of clinical and nonspecific laboratory evidence of a particular chemical was present or the etiology of the agent is known with 100% certainty. [emergency.cdc.gov]
[…] bone mineral density and increase skeletal fragility, leading to increased fracture risk. [5] In addition to effects on bone, a decrease in insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling has been reported in an animal model of chronic fluoride toxicity. [6] Etiology [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
[…] major books: (1) Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds, (2) Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, (3) Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents, (4) Anticholinesterase Pesticides: Metabolism, Neurotoxicity, and Epidemiology [books.google.de]
Probable : A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for a sodium monofluoroacetate exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed [emergency.cdc.gov]
Its toxicity stems from the similarity of fluoroacetate to acetate; the available evidence suggests that the fluoride component does not contribute. [7] Epidemiology United States statistics In 2015, the American Association of Poison Control Centers [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology Fluoride has several mechanisms of toxicity. Upon ingestion, the GI tract is the earliest and most commonly affected organ system. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
CC BY-ND CC-BY-NC-ND Restrictive Licence : A licence preventing reuse of material unless certain restrictive conditions are satisfied. Note licence restrictions, and contact rights holder for permissions beyond the terms of the licence. [researchdata.ands.org.au]
(ERG, 2016) Protective Clothing Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
The ability of various chemical substances to prevent or reverse the toxic effects of sodium fluoroacetate has been studied in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and rhesus monkeys ( Macacca mulatta ). 2. [jpet.aspetjournals.org]
As pest control techniques have been honed, 1080 has prevented the loss of crucial remnant populations of native birds and other creatures. Yet it is condemned by vocal and passionate opponents. [protectingparadise.co.nz]