Symptoms Symptoms commonly present within hours of exposure and include blurry vision and central or paracentral blind spot in one, or more commonly, both eyes. [eyewiki.aao.org]

A 45-year old and a 33-year old male patient presented with a bilateral visual loss (0.63/0.4 and 0.5/0.4). Funduscopic examination revealed bilateral, foveal yellowish dots. Figure 1 shows a pathologic full-field ERG. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Retinal Damage

  It remains elusive whether the degree of retinal damage and the involvement of rods depend on the highest level of local NO concentration or on frequency, subtype, or amount of poppers intake. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Macula

  et al: Role of Macula in Electroretinogram of Monkey and Man, Amer J Ophthal 50:889-900, 1960. 6. Ruedemann, A. D., and Noell, W. K.: Electroretinogram in Central Retinal Degeneration, Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 65:576-594, 1961. 7. [deepdyve.com]

• Headache

  Additional complaints may include dyschromatopsia, metamorphopsia, micropsia, frontotemporal headache Signs Decreased visual acuity, usually to a level of 20/25 - 20/100, but possibly worse depending on the extent of exposure.[8] Physical Examination [eyewiki.aao.org]

Management No known beneficial treatment exists for solar retinopathy, although entities such as steroids have been tried without consistent evidence of effectivness. Prevention is through education is paramount. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Visual prognosis after solar retinopathy. Brit. J. Ophthal. 1969; 53: 534-41 ↑ 13.0 13.1 Rothkoff L, Kushelevsky A, Blumenthal M. Solar retinopathy: visual prognosis in 20 cases. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Etiology The disease entity has been recognized, to some degree since the times of Classical Greece[1]. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Ophth Soc. 1987; 85:120-158. ↑ Michels M, Sternberg P, Operating microscope-induced retinal phototocicity: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and prevention. Surv Ophthalmol. 1990; 34:237-252. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Long VW, Woodruff GH. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Primary prevention Prevention of solar retinopathy is in fact the mainstay of therapy. Primary prevention of solar retinopathy includes refraining from direct sungazing or eclipse viewing. [eyewiki.aao.org]