A main focus of present-day pretreatment research is on bioscavengers, another is on centrally active reversible AChE-inhibitors combined with drugs showing anti-cholinergic, anti-glutamatergic, neuroprotective and non-sedating GABA-ergic activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the present study, long-term effects of soman poisoning on learning ability, memory and neurogenesis were investigated in rats, treated with the anticholinergic atropine and the oxime HI-6 for reactivation of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. [semanticscholar.org]

In this chapter, a review of the various neuroprotection options that have been investigated as alternatives to diazepam in the last decade is presented. [eurekaselect.com]

If the characteristic features of nerve agent poisoning are present, however, antidotal treatment should not be delayed until the result is available. [cryptome.org]

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a nanodrug against NA toxicity that has high blood–brain barrier penetration and is capable of rapid drug release. [pubs.rsc.org]

• Bronchorrhea

  Nerve agents cause death via respiratory failure, which in turn is caused by increased airway resistance (bronchorrhea, bronchoconstriction), respiratory muscle paralysis, and most importantly, loss of central respiratory drive. [10] Two chemical properties [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Atropine : If bronchorrhea develops, atropine (2 mg in an adult; 20 microgram/kg in a child) should be administered intravenously every 5–10 minutes until secretions are minimal and the patient is atropinized (dry skin and sinus tachycardia). [cryptome.org]

• Abdominal Cramps

  cramps; epigastric and substernal tightness with “heartburn” and eructation; diarrhoea; tenesmus; involuntary defecation Increased/excessive sweating Increased/excessive salivation Increased/excessive lacrimation Bradycardia Slight miosis, occasionally [emro.who.int]

  Reported side effects of PB include increased salivation, increased tearing, urinary urgency and frequency, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps and diarrhea.167 These effects disappear when individuals stop taking PB. [pbs.org]

• Suggestibility

  These findings might suggest that HS6 and HI6 may have only limited value in the treatment of soman poisoning in man. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These results suggest that the patch system could be an effective alternative for diazepam, an anticonvulsant, and the current pyridostigmine pretreatment, and especially in combination with atropine plus HI-6, could be a choice for quality survival from [fasebj.org]

  Dosing regimens vary, however, a suggested regimen is to give a loading dose of between 1 and 5 mg i.v. every 30 minutes until full atropinization, and maintenance doses of between 0.5 and 2 mg/hour. [emro.who.int]

  These results demonstrate that TF-MSNs loaded with HI-6 represent the most effective antidote against NA poisoning by soman reported to date, and suggest that MSNs are a safe alternative to conventional drugs and an optimal nanocarrier for treating brain [pubs.rsc.org]

  During the trial, Murphy suggested that Spears ultimately killed her son because she was afraid that he would start telling people she was making him sick, calling her actions "nothing short of torture." [cosmopolitan.com]

Essential antidotes in experimental treatment of Soman poisoning today are the powerful reactivators of Soman-inhibited AChE (e.g. HI-6, HGG-42 and BDB-27) and atropine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We also investigated whether sub-chronic treatment with the reported… CONTINUE READING [semanticscholar.org]

Additionally, it was found that brain injuries induced by soman toxicity were effectively prevented by the patch treatment according to histopathological examinations. [fasebj.org]

Inclusion of clonidine was vital for preventing atropine induced lethal ventricular arrhythmias in hypoxic animals when treatment was given late. [eurekaselect.com]

Pathophysiology Penetrates skin, eyes, and lungs Toxic effects manifest as Cholinergic Toxicity Organophosphate esters ( Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor s) Most toxic of chemical agents Similar to Insect icide Organophosphate s (e.g. [fpnotebook.com]

The rapid onset of toxic signs following nerve agent intoxication and the apprehension that current therapy (atropine, oxime, diazepam) may not prevent brain damage, requires supportive pretreatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Additionally, it was found that brain injuries induced by soman toxicity were effectively prevented by the patch treatment according to histopathological examinations. [fasebj.org]

Inclusion of clonidine was vital for preventing atropine induced lethal ventricular arrhythmias in hypoxic animals when treatment was given late. [eurekaselect.com]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Sheets. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service; Atlanta, GA. U.S. [health.ny.gov]

This nanodrug rapidly penetrated the blood–brain barrier in zebrafish and mice and restored cerebral AChE activity via the released HI-6, preventing the brain damage caused by soman poisoning and increasing the survival rate in mice. [pubs.rsc.org]