The need for neuroimaging and electroretinography (ERG) has been widely debated, especially because clinical presentation and eye and head movement recordings are not satisfactory for predicting whether underlying conditions may be present (3). [journals.lww.com]

6-month-old term female with history of mild reflux presented to the pediatric emergency department for seizure-like activity. [shmabstracts.org]

Some form of head bobbing and neck posturing is also present. [eyewiki.aao.org]

• Nystagmus

  Disease Entity Disease Spasmus nutans syndrome is an acquired form of nystagmus that occurs in children typically within the first two years of life. It presents as a clinical triad of 1) nystagmus 2) head bobbing 3) torticollis. [eyewiki.aao.org]

  RESULTS We identified 22 patients with SN-like nystagmus (Table 1). Twelve (55%) were male and 10 were female (45%). Eight (36%) patients had monocular nystagmus and 14 patients (64%) had binocular disconjugate nystagmus. [journals.lww.com]

  Br J Ophthalmol 60: 652–654 Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Jayalakshmi P, McNair S, Tucker S, Schaffer DB (1970) Infantile nystagmus: A prospective study of spasmus nutans, congenital nystagmus and unclassified nystagmus of infancy. [link.springer.com]

• Pendular Nystagmus

  Ocular motility recordings revealed an unusual latent/manifest latent nystagmus, pendular nystagmus with characteristics of an acquired nystagmus, and uniocular saccades. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012 spasmus nutans Neurology A self-limiting acquired nystagmus characterized by a triad: horizontal or pendular nystagmus, head nodding, head tilting; SN may last months to yrs and be associated with optic [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Also see movie of her vertical pendular nystagmus. The most common cause of vertical pendular nystagmus is the vertical nystagmus that frequently appears after pontine hemorrhage. [dizziness-and-balance.com]

  Definition Spasmus nutans is a specific type of pendular nystagmus of infancy accompanied by head bobbing and occasionally by abnormal position of the neck. [health.am]

• Involuntary Movements

  When to Contact a Medical Professional Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child has rapid involuntary movements of the eyes or head nodding. [indiatoday.in]

  Overview Quick Reference A combination of symptoms including a slow nodding movement of the head, nystagmus (involuntary movements of the eyes), and spasm of the neck muscles. It affects infants and it normally disappears within a year or two. [oxfordreference.com]

  When to Contact a Medical Professional Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child has rapid, involuntary movements of the eyes, or head nodding. [stlukes-stl.com]

• Vertigo

  There were no associated symptoms of gait disturbance or vertigo or hearing deficit. However, parents admitted that his scholastic performance was poor due to illegible handwriting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  There were no associated symptoms of gait disturbance or vertigo or hearing deficit. However. parents admitted that his scholastic performance was poor due to illegible handwriting. [docksci.com]

  A small literature exists about this called "matitutional vertigo". Downbeating nystagmus can be elicited by the head-shaking test. [tchain.com]

• Neglect

  Maternal alcohol abuse (12) and child abuse/neglect (13) have also been implicated as risk factors for SN. [journals.lww.com]

  Spasmus nutans as a presenting sign of an arachnoid cyst. ( 3870654 ) Spaide R.F....Restuccia R.D. 1985 38 Spasmus nutans as a presenting sign of diencephalic syndrome. ( 4032143 ) Garty B.Z....Bauman B. 1985 39 Spasmus nutans occurring with child abuse/neglect [malacards.org]

Diagnosis: Laboratory investigation usually is not required for spasmus nutans.Exceptions include workup for metabolic or infectious etiology in congenital cataracts, serology in suspected toxoplasmosis, toxicology in optic atrophy, endocrine assay for [medigoo.com]

It is necessary for this kind of nystagmus to perform a complete neurological and endocrinological workup. [intechopen.com]

[…] tumor, requires no treatment. [thnm.adam.com]

Tests may include: CT scan of the head MRI scan of the head Treatment The benign form of spasmus nutans requires no treatment. If the symptoms are caused by another condition, that condition must be treated appropriately. [stlukes-stl.com]

If the symptoms are caused by another condition, the provider will recommend appropriate treatment. Usually, this disorder goes away on its own without treatment. [medlineplus.gov]

Spasmus nutans carries an excellent prognosis with 20/50 vision or better in most. A higher incidence of strabismus and amblyopia is associated in followed cases compared to controls. [shmabstracts.org]

Prognosis The prognosis for spasmus nutans is very good. Long term follow up studies have shown that good visual acuity can be expected in patients with spasmus nutans. [eyewiki.aao.org]

A better designation would be acquired nystagmus of infancy, which would not imply a benign etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A better designation would be acquired nystagmus of infancy, which would not imply a benign etiology. © 1986 S. [karger.com]

etiology; Retrospective Studies; Spasms, Infantile, etiology; Torticollis, etiology; Visual Acuity, physiology Abstract BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty as to whether spasmus nutans (SN) is an isolated idiopathic entity or whether there are underlying [collections.lib.utah.edu]

Summary Epidemiology The prevalence of SN is unknown. [orpha.net]

Epidemiology The precise incidence and prevalence of spasmus nutans are unknown, but it is considered rare. Correlation of demographic and socioeconomic factors has been reviewed since the early 1900s. [aao.org]

Accurate simultaneous recordings of eye and head movements are required to understand the pathophysiological significance of these head oscillations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The pathophysiologic role of cerebellar vermian hypoplasia in the generation of spasmus nutans remains unclear. [jamanetwork.com]

Acquired pendular nystagmus: its characteristics, localizing value, and pathophysiology. J. Neurol Neurosurg Psych 1982:45:431-439 Stahl JS, Rottach KG, Averbuch-Heller L, Maydell RD, Collins SD, Leigh RJ. [tchain.com]

[…] years, and is generally quoted as 6-12 months of age.6 Though initially thought to resolve between 3 and 6 years of age,7 more recent evidence from long-term follow up suggests there may be a persistence of subclinical nystagmus up to age 12 years.8 Pathophysiology [aao.org]

Prevention Not applicable. Last revised: December 8, 2012 by Armen E. Martirosyan, M.D. Medical Encyclopedia All ArmMed Media material is provided for information only and is neither advice nor a substitute for proper medical care. [health.am]

[…] minus' sign Virchow -triad Use Parentheses water AND (cup OR glass) Add an asterisk (*) at end of a word to include word stems Neuro* will search for Neurology, Neuroscientist, Neurological, and so on Use quotes to search for an exact phrase "primary prevention [read.qxmd.com]

Prevention References Olitsky SE, Hug D, Smith LP. Disorders of eye movement and alignment. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 622. [mostellarmedical.org]

Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. ‎ [books.google.ro]

Prevention In general nystagmus cannot be prevented. [healthofchildren.com]