PURPOSE: To investigate the nystagmus of twin brothers presenting with spasmus nutans later diagnosed as Bardet-Biedl syndrome. METHODS: The twins presented at the age of 14 months with a presumed diagnosis of spasmus nutans. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Optometry Abstract Spasmus nutans is a rare form of nystagmus presenting in infancy with a triad of asymmetric nystagmus, head nodding, and torticollis. [aaopt.org]

The pupils reacted sluggishly to light; however, no relative afferent pupillary defect was present. The nystagmus was present, and was similar to that seen previously, but diminished in frequency. [healio.com]

Spasmus nutans as a presenting sign of an arachnoid cyst. Pediatr Neurosci 1985-1986;12:311-4. 21. Allarakhia IN, Trobe JD. Opsoclonus-myoclonus presenting with features of spasmus nutans. J Child Neurol 1995;10:67-8. 22. [journals.lww.com]

• Malnutrition

  Early observations related SN to low socioeconomic status (7-10) inadequate light exposure (7,8), rickets (7,9,10), syphilis (8), malnutrition (8), crowded living conditions (8), trauma (8), epilepsy (8), and black race. (7,9,10). [journals.lww.com]

  Suprasellar chiasmal gliomas have been known to cause Russell diencephalic syndrome, which was likely the cause of what was thought to be rickets or malnutrition associated with spasmus nutans in the era before neuroimaging.16 This constellation of signs [aao.org]

• Withdrawn

  1 Long-Term Follow-up of Spasmus Nutans. ( 30332338 ) 2018 2 WITHDRAWN: MR Imaging Findings in Children with Spasmus Nutans. ( 28587881 ) Bowen M....Soares B.P. 2017 3 Magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with spasmus nutans. ( 28284856 ) Bowen [malacards.org]

• Nystagmus

  When the cyst was shunted the nystagmus lessened. Recent studies suggest that the head nodding and anomalous head position are adaptive mechanisms that compensate for the nystagmus and not pathological in themselves. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pendular Nystagmus

  Ocular motility recordings revealed an unusual latent/manifest latent nystagmus, pendular nystagmus with characteristics of an acquired nystagmus, and uniocular saccades. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Also see movie of her vertical pendular nystagmus. The most common cause of vertical pendular nystagmus is the vertical nystagmus that frequently appears after pontine hemorrhage. [dizziness-and-balance.com]

  Definition Spasmus nutans is a specific type of pendular nystagmus of infancy accompanied by head bobbing and occasionally by abnormal position of the neck. [health.am]

• Involuntary Movements

  Overview Quick Reference A combination of symptoms including a slow nodding movement of the head, nystagmus (involuntary movements of the eyes), and spasm of the neck muscles. It affects infants and it normally disappears within a year or two. [oxfordreference.com]

  When to Contact a Medical Professional Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child has rapid involuntary movements of the eyes or head nodding. [coordinatedhealth.com]

  Calling your health care provider Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child has rapid involuntary movements of the eyes or head nodding. [mostellarmedical.org]

  When to Contact a Medical Professional Return to top Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child has rapid involuntary movements of the eyes or head nodding. [rachel.education.gov.ck]

• Vertigo

  There were no associated symptoms of gait disturbance or vertigo or hearing deficit. However. parents admitted that his scholastic performance was poor due to illegible handwriting. [docksci.com]

  There were no associated symptoms of gait disturbance or vertigo or hearing deficit. However, parents admitted that his scholastic performance was poor due to illegible handwriting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A small literature exists about this called "matitutional vertigo". Downbeating nystagmus can be elicited by the head-shaking test. [tchain.com]

• Neglect

  Spasmus nutans as a presenting sign of an arachnoid cyst. ( 3870654 ) Spaide R.F....Restuccia R.D. 1985 38 Spasmus nutans as a presenting sign of diencephalic syndrome. ( 4032143 ) Garty B.Z....Bauman B. 1985 39 Spasmus nutans occurring with child abuse/neglect [malacards.org]

  Maternal alcohol abuse (12) and child abuse/neglect (13) have also been implicated as risk factors for SN. [journals.lww.com]

Diagnosis: Laboratory investigation usually is not required for spasmus nutans.Exceptions include workup for metabolic or infectious etiology in congenital cataracts, serology in suspected toxoplasmosis, toxicology in optic atrophy, endocrine assay for [medigoo.com]

It is necessary for this kind of nystagmus to perform a complete neurological and endocrinological workup. [intechopen.com]

• Hyponatremia

  Although the patient developed transient hyponatremia postoperatively, no evidence of endocrinologie abnormalities was found. [healio.com]

[…] tumor, requires no treatment. [huronregional.org]

Twelve of 18 patients required spectacles for improvement in visual acuity and for treatment of amblyopia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Spasmus nutans carries an excellent prognosis with 20/50 vision or better in most. A higher incidence of strabismus and amblyopia is associated in followed cases compared to controls. [shmabstracts.com]

Fortunately, for patients with the classic findings of spasmus nutans and a negative MRI, the prognosis is very good. [mattweedmd.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) Usually, this disorder goes away on its own without treatment. Possible Complications There are usually no complications. [coordinatedhealth.com]

The purpose of our study was to record and characterize the long-term prognosis of children diagnosed with spasmus nutans. Methods : All patients under the age of 21 years with a diagnosis of spasmus nutans were included. [tandfonline.com]

A better designation would be acquired nystagmus of infancy, which would not imply a benign etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

etiology; Retrospective Studies; Spasms, Infantile, etiology; Torticollis, etiology; Visual Acuity, physiology Abstract BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty as to whether spasmus nutans (SN) is an isolated idiopathic entity or whether there are underlying [collections.lib.utah.edu]

A better designation would be acquired nystagmus of infancy, which would not imply a benign etiology. © 1986 S. Karger AG, Basel Article / Publication Details First-Page Preview [karger.com]

Summary Epidemiology The prevalence of SN is unknown. [orpha.net]

Epidemiology The precise incidence and prevalence of spasmus nutans are unknown, but it is considered rare. Correlation of demographic and socioeconomic factors has been reviewed since the early 1900s. [aao.org]

Accurate simultaneous recordings of eye and head movements are required to understand the pathophysiological significance of these head oscillations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The pathophysiologic role of cerebellar vermian hypoplasia in the generation of spasmus nutans remains unclear. [jamanetwork.com]

Acquired pendular nystagmus: its characteristics, localizing value, and pathophysiology. J. Neurol Neurosurg Psych 1982:45:431-439 Stahl JS, Rottach KG, Averbuch-Heller L, Maydell RD, Collins SD, Leigh RJ. [tchain.com]

[…] years, and is generally quoted as 6-12 months of age.6 Though initially thought to resolve between 3 and 6 years of age,7 more recent evidence from long-term follow up suggests there may be a persistence of subclinical nystagmus up to age 12 years.8 Pathophysiology [aao.org]

[…] minus' sign Virchow -triad Use Parentheses water AND (cup OR glass) Add an asterisk (*) at end of a word to include word stems Neuro* will search for Neurology, Neuroscientist, Neurological, and so on Use quotes to search for an exact phrase "primary prevention [read.qxmd.com]

Prevention Not applicable. Last revised: December 8, 2012 by Armen E. Martirosyan, M.D. Medical Encyclopedia All ArmMed Media material is provided for information only and is neither advice nor a substitute for proper medical care. [health.am]

Prevention References Olitsky SE, Hug D, Smith LP. Disorders of eye movement and alignment. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 622. [mostellarmedical.org]

Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. ‎ [books.google.ro]

Prevention In general nystagmus cannot be prevented. [healthofchildren.com]