Presentation
We present a case of sarcoid isolated to the intramedullary spinal cord, which was a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We review the case and then present a review of the literature with an emphasis on presentation, diagnosis and treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Turkish
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of SCL CSQ (SCL CSQ-T) in persons with SCI. METHODS: One hundred persons with SCI were included in the study. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of spinal cord lesion-related coping strategies. Spinal Cord. 2014;52(5):383-7. Saffari M, Pakpour AH, Yaghobidoot M, Al zaben F, Koenige HG. [scireproject.com]
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Hyperthermia
Repeated hyperthermia combined with limited evaporative heat loss was sufficient to increase plasma volume, probably by alterations in fluid regulatory hormones. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Gastrointestinal
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Fecal Incontinence
incontinence, erectile dysfunction, loss of rectal tone, abnormal bulbocavernosus and anal wink reflexes). [msdmanuals.com]
The most important factors are the spasm, decubitus nature, insufficient motivation, deformity, urinary and fecal incontinence. [boneandspine.com]
This is called fecal incontinence. [northshore.org]
Musculoskeletal
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Back Pain
Back pain is a serious presentation in children and should be appropriately worked up. [appliedradiology.com]
Case presentation A 51-year-old Iranian woman presented with 2-month history of progressive unremitting back pain, exacerbated at night, superimposed on a creeping paraparesis. [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]
There are three common types of spinal tumors that can cause back pain: vertebral column tumors, intradural-extramedullary tumors, and intramedullary tumors. 1. [spine-health.com]
Some of the anatomic and physiologic considerations pertinent to an understanding of disorders of the cord and of the spine can be found in Chaps. 3, 9 ( Figs. 9-5 and 9-7 ), and Chap. 11, on motor paralysis, somatic sensation, and back pain, respectively [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]
Symptoms Patients with injuries to the sacral nerve roots may experience: Lack of control of bowels or bladder Lower back pain Leg pain, which may radiate down the back of the leg(s) Sensory issues in the groin and buttocks area Causes The most common [spinalcord.com]
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Muscle Spasticity
Symptoms may include: Muscle weakness or paralysis in the trunk, arms or legs Loss of feeling in the trunk, arms, or legs Muscle spasticity Breathing problems Problems with heart rate and blood pressure Digestive problems Loss of bowel and bladder function [hopkinsmedicine.org]
Some people with spinal cord injuries experience one of two types of muscle tone problems: uncontrolled tightening or motion in the muscles (spasticity) or soft and limp muscles lacking muscle tone (flaccidity). Fitness and wellness. [mayoclinic.org]
You may also learn how to handle problems such as pressure injuries, urinary tract infections, and muscle spasticity. Do daily tasks, such as cook, brush your teeth, and move from a wheelchair to a bed or chair. [northshore.org]
Motor function: A body function controlled by muscles. Spasticity: The permanent tightening of a joint into an abnormal position. Spinal cord: A long rope-like piece of nervous tissue that runs from the brain down the back. [encyclopedia.com]
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Low Back Pain
Red flags See also separate Neck Pain (Cervicalgia) and Torticollis and Low Back Pain and Sciatica articles. Red flags that suggest spinal compression include: Insidious progression. [patient.info]
It can cause low back pain, weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs, loss of sensation, bowel and bladder dysfunction, and loss of reflexes. Unlike in conus medullaris syndrome, symptoms often occur on only one side of the body. [en.wikipedia.org]
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Muscle Twitch
This means that when the muscle receptors are briefly stretched by the tap, the nerve impulses in the afferent pathway travel directly to the motor neurons and excite them reflexly to cause the normally visible muscle twitch. [encyclopedia.com]
Psychiatrical
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Social Isolation
Age, sex and social isolation have no direct influence on the result with regard to functional status. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Urogenital
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Urinary Incontinence
Two females in each group underwent tension-free vaginal tape for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), reducing episodes per week of SUI by 90% after 5 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Male Stress Urinary Incontinence surgery Female Stress Urinary Incontinence PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENT Your doctor may prescribe medications to improve bladder function, such as reduce bladder contractions, lower urinary frequency, improve loss of bladder [nafc.org]
The presenting symptoms of ISCM vary from pain, sensory loss, weakness, urinary incontinence to pseudo Brown-Sequard and/or Brown-Sequard syndrome [ 5 ]. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis of ISCM ranges from days to a few months [ 5, 6 ]. [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]
urinary urgency or hesitancy, partial retention of urine, mild urinary incontinence), bowel dysfunction (e.g., constipation or urgency), and sexual dysfunction (e.g., erectile dysfunction or impotence in men, genital anesthesia or numbness in women [healthcentral.com]
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Overflow Incontinence
There may be overflow incontinence when the bladder cannot physically hold any more urine. [neuroanatomy.wisc.edu]
Neurologic
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Hyperreflexia
Abstract Autonomic hyperreflexia is a serious peripartum complication associated with spinal cord lesions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] extermities is due to nerve root return and must not be mistaken for evidence of return of spinal function; - spinal shock (spinal cord concussion): - usually invovles 24-72 hour period of paralysis, hypotonia, & areflexia, and at its conclusion there may be hyperreflexia [wheelessonline.com]
Hyperreflexia From my perspective, I have no bladder or bowl problems but I do have leg and arm pain (was told I have fibromyalgia 2 years ago) and have Hashimoto's (thyroid) which is an autoimmune. [thisisms.com]
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Clonus
[…] must not be mistaken for evidence of return of spinal function; - spinal shock (spinal cord concussion): - usually invovles 24-72 hour period of paralysis, hypotonia, & areflexia, and at its conclusion there may be hyperreflexia, hypertonicity, and clonus [wheelessonline.com]
After days or weeks, upper motor neuron dysfunction evolves into spastic paresis (increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia, and clonus). Extensor plantar responses and autonomic dysfunction are present. [msdmanuals.com]
Upper motor neurone signs in the lower limbs (Babinski's sign: up-going plantar reflex, hyperreflexia, clonus, spasticity). Lower motor neurone signs in the upper limbs (atrophy, hyporeflexia). [patient.info]
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Unable to Walk
More than being unable to walk Worldwide, millions of people are dependent on a wheelchair after having sustained a spinal cord injury, most often as the result of a traffic accident or a fall. [wingsforlifeworldrun.com]
Spinal pain is often present for three months and neurological symptoms for two months before paraplegia, but almost 50% of patients are unable to walk by the time of diagnosis. Of these, almost 70% remain immobile. [patient.info]
The levels go from 0 (client unable to walk) to 20 (client walking without braces and/or devices and without physical assistance for at least 10 m). [nature.com]
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Radiculomyelopathy
Compression may often involve a radicular component (radiculomyelopathy). [neuroanatomy.wisc.edu]
Workup
[…] fracture; can be used when plain radiography is inadequate or fails to visualize segments of the axial skeleton Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Used for suspected spinal cord lesions, ligamentous injuries, and other soft-tissue injuries or pathology See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]
Other Test Results
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Plasma Volume Increased
Plasma volume increased from day 1 by 1.5 0.6 % on day 7 (P 0.05). No sweat secretion was detected or changes in body mass observed from any participant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
To assess the current place of this procedure in the treatment of the neuropathic bladder of spinal origin, we studied the outcomes of sphincterotomy in 32 patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment is key for spinal tumours, as any damage it causes can be made more severe or indeed, permanent, if treatment is not sought soon enough. [spinalcord.com]
Prognosis
Diagnosis and prognosis of acute cervical spine cord injury. Original Text by Clifford R. Wheeless, III, MD. [wheelessonline.com]
Treatment and prognosis As a ‘spinal lesion’ can cover so many kinds of diagnosis, there are varying forms of treatment and different prognoses an individual can have. A lesion is categorized dependent upon its size and location. [spinalcord.com]
The prognosis of a patient who has an intramedullary cord lesion is grave, the treatment is mostly undertaken to relieve pain and to preserve or stabilize neurologic function. [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]
Functional prognosis in the elderly spinal cord injured. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1982; 63 : 513–514. 7. Cifu DX, Huang ME, Kolakowsky-Hayner SA, Seel RT. [nature.com]
Etiology
CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study support our hypothesis that the etiology of the palsy is a transient disturbance of the spinal cord following a decompression procedure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Ventral cord syndrome encompasses all causes of damage to the anterior spinal cord regardless of etiology (see below). [radiopaedia.org]
If there is no focal cord expansion or considerable mass effect, non-neoplastic etiologies should be considered first. Cysts can be tumoral or nontumoral. [appliedradiology.com]
Etiology: Since 2005, motor vehicle crashes account for 42.1% of reported SCI cases. The next most common cause of SCI is falls, followed by acts of violence (primarily gunshot wounds), and recreational sporting activities. [fscip.org]
Epidemiology
CONCLUSION: Gender does not seems to influence spinal cord rehabilitation outcomes despite the fact that men and women showed significant epidemiological differences. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology The characteristics of the two groups are shown in Tables 1 and 2. [nature.com]
He has since completed further training in emergency medicine, clinical toxicology, clinical epidemiology and health professional education. [lifeinthefastlane.com]
Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury. Kirshblum S, Campagnolo DI, DeLisa JA, eds. Spinal Cord Medicine. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002. 69-81. Go BK, DeVivo MJ, Richards JS. The epidemiology of spinal cord injury. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology 1. The spinal cord and nerve roots may be injured by: a. Compression from bone, ligaments, extruded disc material and tumors. b. Disruption or overstretching of neural tissues c. Edema following compression or concussion d. [kobiljak.msu.edu]
The pathophysiological implication of these dysfunctions is represented by the increased production of the reactive species that are extremely aggressive to the surrounding tissue. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
A review of the pathophysiology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy with insights for potential novel mechanisms drawn from traumatic spinal cord injury. Spine. 1998;23:2730–7. 3. Wilkinson M. [aafp.org]
An understanding of the pathophysiology, treatment options, and potential risks in this patient group is essential to ensure avoidable damage to the cord does not occur and to prevent complications which may be life threatening or contribute to significant [academic.oup.com]
Prevention
There is some evidence that cranberry products may prevent urinary tract infection. In the future, bacterial interference and vaccination may be a possibility for prevention of urinary tract infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The majority of spinal cord injuries are due to preventable causes such as road traffic crashes, falls or violence. [who.int]
Preventing pressure injuries You or your caregiver can help prevent pressure injuries. These steps can help keep skin healthy: Prevent constant pressure on any part of the body. [northshore.org]