Presentation
There is at present no cure for polio; once the disease begins it must be allowed to run its course. Supportive care is important, however, and proper symptomatic treatment can reduce discomfort and prevent some crippling aftereffects. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Poliomyelitis is a ubiquitous, highly contagious, seasonal disease presenting during the rainy season or summer months. [clinicaladvisor.com]
[…] with tight neck, back & hamstring mm; transient paresis; ( ) meningeal irritation; lab findings: increase protein in CSF involves the CNS; presents with asymmetrical weakness; urinary retention; constipation; cardiac arrythmias; mm soreness; headache [quizlet.com]
These cytologic changes were not present in monkeys sacrificed in still later stages of the disease. 5. [jem.rupress.org]
This is a 4-1/2 month old female who presents to the ER with weakness in her right leg. She is afebrile and does not appear to have any difficulty breathing. [hawaii.edu]
Musculoskeletal
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Muscle Weakness
Muscle weakness Other names Myasthenia Specialty Neurology Muscle weakness is a lack of muscle strength. The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have either true or perceived muscle weakness. [en.wikipedia.org]
Although EV-D68 genetics now more closely resemble poliovirus, it’s not clear that the virus directly causes muscle weakness and paralysis (as polio does). [wired.com]
Polio is a viral disease which may affect the spinal cord causing muscle weakness and paralysis. The polio virus enters the body through the mouth, usually from hands contaminated with the stool of an infected person. [health.ny.gov]
weakness, paralysis and respiratory paralysis Etiology Viral, in particular poliovirus, but also coxsackie A7, enterovirus 71, and others Clinical If extreme, asymmetric flaccid paralysis Lab CSF pleocytosis, lymphocytes. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
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Foot Deformity
deformity (e.g. fixed equinovarus or calcaneovalgus foot), gait effects and abnormal plantar loading; lumbar and sacral autonomic ganglia involvement causes disruption of vasomotor control and affected limbs are cold, mottled and anhidrotic po·li·o·my [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Urogenital
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Urinary Retention
retention; constipation; cardiac arrythmias; mm soreness; headache; paresthesias; ( ) meningeal irritation most frequent ; cervical, thoracic & lumbar segments are involved - most severe; presents with facial weakness; dysphagia; dyspnea bulbospinal [quizlet.com]
Common manifestations of paralytic poliomyelitis in addition to aseptic meningitis include deep muscle pain, hyperesthesias, paresthesias, and, during active myelitis, urinary retention and muscle spasms. [merckmanuals.com]
retention. v Stiffness and pain in the neck and back because of meningeal irritation, as well as abnormalities of autonomic function, also can be seen in some patients. v Cranial nerve involvement o Approximately 10-15% of cases affect the lower brainstem [sites.google.com]
Neurologic
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Flaccid Paralysis
In the more severe variety, a subsequent viremia is produced, with extension of the infection to the anterior pulp horn cells and ganglia of the spinal cord, producing a flaccid paralysis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Asymmetric flaccid paralysis may develop and progress over 2 to 3 days. Encephalitic signs occasionally predominate. [merckmanuals.com]
If poliovirus is isolated from a patient experiencing acute flaccid paralysis, it is further tested through oligonucleotide mapping (genetic fingerprinting). [rotary5790.org]
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) could be helpful to exclude other causes of acute flaccid paralysis. [clinicaladvisor.com]
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Limb Weakness
Also, cases of focal limb weakness or paralysis have been identified after infection with enterovirus D68. [merckmanuals.com]
Your doctor may suspect that you have polio if you have fever with limb weakness or paralysis that mainly affects one side of your body. [drugs.com]
Paralytic poliomyelitis with bulbar involvement The purely bulbar form of poliomyelitis without limb weakness may occur in children, particularly in those whose tonsils and adenoids have been removed. [sites.google.com]
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Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome causes flaccid paralysis but can be distinguished because of the following: It usually causes no fever. Muscle weakness is symmetric. [merckmanuals.com]
Other causes of acute flaccid paralysis - eg: Various infections Guillain-Barré syndrome Spinal cord lesions Neuropathies Myasthenia gravis Myopathy or myositis Investigations Serology: take acute and convalescent samples. [patient.info]
"Nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis simulating Guillain–Barré syndrome". Archives of Neurology. 58 (9): 1460–64. doi : 10.1001/archneur.58.9.1460. PMID 11559319. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. a b Parker SP, ed. (1998). [en.wikipedia.org]
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Lower Motor Neurone Lesion
motor neurone lesions (paralysis of skeletal muscles subserved by affected spinal nerves), muscle atrophy and soft-tissue contracture with resultant limb/foot deformity (e.g. fixed equinovarus or calcaneovalgus foot), gait effects and abnormal plantar [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Differentiation between a central (upper motor neuron), and peripheral (lower motor neuron) lesion is the first step in determining the extent of the disease. [clinicaladvisor.com]
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Forgetful
Being paralytic one does not forget to rise 痿不忘起 "No, no, no," replied the eye of the paralytic “不，不，不！”那瘫子老人的目光回答。 The paralytic lingered out several more years. 这个瘫痪病人又挨过了好几年。 [hujiang.com]
But one thing I do; forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead, I press on toward the goal to win the prize for which God has called me heavenward in Christ Jesus. Seite 238 - Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, et al. [books.google.de]
Workup
If CSF is obtained in the workup, it rarely isolates the poliovirus, but it can demonstrate pleocytosis with mildly elevated protein. [hawaii.edu]
Treatment
Treatment. There is at present no cure for polio; once the disease begins it must be allowed to run its course. Supportive care is important, however, and proper symptomatic treatment can reduce discomfort and prevent some crippling aftereffects. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. [books.google.de]
Treatment and prognosis In the modern Western world, poliomyelitis is prevented by vaccination. As no cure for poliomyelitis itself is available, treatment is supportive and designed to prevent complications and a quick recovery. [radiopaedia.org]
There is no medicine to cure the virus, but treatment is done to help aid a child’s comfort and recovery from the virus. This is called supportive treatment. [elcaminohospital.org]
Treatment is supportive. This means that the symptoms may be treated to improve your child's comfort and recovery. [chop.edu]
Prognosis
Prognosis depends on the extent of motor neuron destruction by the time treatment is started and varies from complete recovery to severely debilitating paralysis 7. [radiopaedia.org]
PROGNOSISPROGNOSIS Inapparent, abortive polio and asepticInapparent, abortive polio and aseptic meningitis have good prognosis with nomeningitis have good prognosis with no long-term sequel.long-term sequel. Mortality rate in severe bulbar polio is [slideshare.net]
Prognosis Permanent weakness is observed in about two out of three patients affected with paralytic poliomyelitis. [wikilectures.eu]
Prognosis [ 3 ] The milder spectrum of poliovirus infection (asymptomatic or flu-like illness only) carries no specific complications. With paralytic polio, muscle function may return gradually. [patient.info]
Etiology
What does the name Polio and myelos mean How is poliomyelitis characterized by the destruction of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord there are ___ human poliovirus serotypes what is the etiological agent of Polio describe the etiological agent [brainscape.com]
[…] grey matter. (2) Acute anterior poliomyelitis. poliomyelitis Neurology A condition characterized by the selective destruction of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and/or brain stem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and respiratory paralysis Etiology [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Poliomyelitis By Michael Plunkett Disease/Etiologic Agent: Poliomyelitis (5); Family: Picornaviridae (5); 3 known serotypes are P1, P2, and P3 (5) Transmission: It is spread mainly through oral and fecal contact, whether this is through the not washing [austincc.edu]
Ongoing controversies regarding etiology, diagnosis, treatment During 2000 and 2001, an outbreak of 21 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis on the island of Hispaniola occurred, caused by a virulent strain genetically related to the type 1 Sabin OPV vaccine [clinicaladvisor.com]
Epidemiology
Role of epidemiology in vaccine policy. Vaccine, Vol. 8, Issue. 3, p. 180. CrossRef Google Scholar Dittmann, S. 1990. Vol. 14, Issue., p. 267. [cambridge.org]
[…] flaccid paralysis in Uganda. ( 26058454 ) Nanteza M.B....Bwogi J. 2015 12 Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a case report. ( 24647260 ) Ilic M.D....Obradovic S.D. 2014 13 Outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis during 1996-2012: the changing epidemiology [malacards.org]
Based upon an epidemiological model representing a population of 200,000 within a developing country, the estimated basic reproductive number of wild polio infection is 12. [sphweb.bumc.bu.edu]
European Journal of Epidemiology 2000;16:601-6. 11. John TJ. Anomalous observations on IPV and OPV vaccination. Developments in Biologicals 2001;105:197-208. 12. WHO Consultative Group. [scielosp.org]
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Poliomyelitis. (512 KB). Atkinson, W., Wolfe, S., Hamborsky, J., McIntyre, L., eds. 13th ed. Washington DC: Public Health Foundation, 2015. Accessed 01/25/2018. [historyofvaccines.org]
Pathophysiology
[…] stranded RNA; belongs to the enterovirus group of the picornavirus family; has an affinity for motor neurons type I of Polio virus most frequent & most severe type II of Polio virus; next most frequent type III of Polio virus; least frequent & severe PATHOPHYSIOLOGY [quizlet.com]
A girl with deformity in right lower limb after polio, non copyrighted image from Wikipedia Pathophysiology of Polio Poliovirus is a type of enterovirus, a group of RNA viruses that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. [medcaretips.com]
Pathophysiology Acute poliomyelitis is caused by small ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) viruses of the enterovirus group of the picornavirus family. [sites.google.com]
Pathophysiology[edit] Muscle cells work by detecting a flow of electrical impulses from the brain which signals them to contract through the release of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. [en.wikipedia.org]
Parallels between post-polio fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: a common pathophysiology? Am J Med. 1998 Sep 28;105(3A):66S-73S. PMID: 9790485; UI: 99005146. Similarity of polio to pellagra, beriberi, and other deficiency diseases--Eleanor McBean [whale.to]
Prevention
Through vaccination, the disease is preventable. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Treat your inpatient and ambulatory patients more effectively with the absolute latest on new topics such as quality improvement and patient care safety *school violence and bullying * preventive measures * vitamin deficiencies * adolescent rape * effect [books.google.com]
Seite 11 - ... a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or a disability, that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal (depending on age, sex, and social and cultural factors) for that individual. [books.google.de]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Polio: Information for Parents (American Academy of Family Physicians) Polio: Information for Parents (American Academy of Pediatrics) Polio: Information for Parents (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [icdlist.com]
Treatment and prognosis In the modern Western world, poliomyelitis is prevented by vaccination. As no cure for poliomyelitis itself is available, treatment is supportive and designed to prevent complications and a quick recovery. [radiopaedia.org]